Ka 'ole o ka kanaka puʻu, a me kona hiʻona

Ka 'ole o ke kanaka kino ke hoomaopopo mau mea i loko o i i hoonohonoho māhele o okoa physiological nenoai, ka hui, he pono ole anatomical a me physiological ano. Mau nā, no kekahi laʻana, puʻu, - he wahi ma ka a, aia no na oihana mua o na nenoai elua - naehana hanu a me ka digestive. Ka 'ole o ke kanaka puʻu, e like me kuleana pili i kona oihana e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia' atikala.

Anatomical hiʻona o ka puu kau

'Ole o ke kanaka puu, kona noaia ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, i ka' i ka māhele 'āina i hoʻomaka me nā cavities: nasal a me ka moʻolelo, a me ka pau ana pakahi trachea a me ka esophagus. Nolaila, kekahi hapa o ka puu, e pili ana i ka digestive'ōnaehana, i kapaʻia ka pharynx ia mea, ke pharynx, a me na mea e ae, i kekahi hapa o ka naehana'ōnaehana - larinksom (larynx). Pharynx mea he palena māhele 'āina ma waena o ku una ha i ka lua a me ka esophagus. Food, honua niho, pulu loa me ka tuha a me ka hapa 'ia' a pipili ma ka hana o nā'ūhū ia Hits ke kumu o ke alelo. Mea ukiuki loa kona receptors ke kumu he reflex contraction o na nāʻiʻo o ka mea palupalu kīleo, e hiki aku ai i ka panina o ka puka e komo ai a hiki i ka nasal lua. I ka Ia manawa ka puka e komo ai i ka larynx e ālai 'ia ai ka epiglottis.

Mīkini'opihia o ka pharynx Muscle pushes ka bolus i loko o ka esophagus, i mea undulating ana, propels iā ia i loko o ka'ōpū. Pharynx, larynx, paha, e like me ua olelo mua, hapa o ka naehana nenoaiu. Ua loaa ke ea, mai ke nasal lua, nasopharynx a me ka oropharynx, ua mehana a me ka hapa 'ia' ua holoiʻia mai ka lepo (particles) ana. Ma ka larynx, oia hoi o ka hui kaulua a me ka unpaired cartilage ka hyaline kumu, he mau laholio olona, - na kaula vocal, Aia ma waena o ka glottis. Lower larynx ae i loko o ka trachea. Kona alo pā ua hanaʻia e cartilaginous hapa-apo e pale aku i ka hanu şarkı e ho'ēmi i kona anawaena. Ke posterior tracheal pa ua haku o ala apuupuu Muscle. Ka lewa kahe ke alalai ole ia mai o ka trachea i loko o ka bronchi, a mai ia - a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.

Ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai kūlana o nā tonsils

Ma o ka 'ole o ke kanaka puu, kālele ana ma luna o he mau huhui lifoidnoy'aʻaʻa kapa minadalinami. Ka mea, i hana kūikawā histologic 'ole - parenchyma, hoopuehu aku i loko o ka stroma, oia hoi o connective'aʻaʻa. Ke tonsils o ke kahua o lymphocytes - immunoobrazuyuschih ka papa kuhikuhi kino 'ohana ka palekana hehee ai mai pathogenic microbes. Kēia kaʻina ua ike like lymphopoiesis. Noonoo pono i ka anatomical 'ole o ke kanaka puu, tonsils a i differentiated ma ka palatine, sublingual a me ka pharyngeal, ua papapau pu na kānakaʻepekema i kēia hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha e hōʻike mai i ko lakou kuleana pili i ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai.

¶, laryngology e kamailio e pili ana i limfoepitelialnogo ke komo lima, aia ma ka mucousʻili lahilahi ma ka palena o ku una ha i ka lua a me ka pharynx - ke komo lima o Pirogov-Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried av Waldeyer-Hartz. I immunology tonsils kapaiaʻike ākea kino e hoʻonele. Ka mea, hoʻopuni mai i ka lanai o ka trachea a me ka esophagus, ka pale 'ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka digestive nenoai o ka anal o pathogenic microorganisms. Anatomical a physiological 'ole o ke kanaka puu, lymph aka wahi a i hoomalu a me ke'ākeʻakeʻa aku i ka palapala ae ole o ke kaiapuni, e ia ina mākou i ole e noho ana ma na hale tonsils e like i wāhiʻia kāpili.

I Kekahi Mau hana o nā wahi i wāhiʻia

It wahi lymph aka wahi e lawe ma luna o ka pana mua o staphylococcal a streptococcal nā mea palahēhē loaa ma ka moʻolelo o ka lua. A nui helu o lymphocytes neutralize, a hōʻuluʻulu koʻohune e pepehi i ka mea ia manawa.

Huhui waina a lākou make lymphoid keena ma lacunae purulent ano kuʻina koʻo, e hoike ana i hoʻoʻino kaʻina i kupu mai ma muli o anal o ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ke kino.

Larinks leo-e like kino

Mua, ua i ike ano nui mau laryngeal kuleana pili i: ka mea, o kona komo i loko o ka hanu a me ka 'ohana ka palekana (epiglottis ka wā moni' ia e pani i ka puka e komo ai i ka larynx, pela hikiʻole i ka ingress o particulate mea i loko o ka trachea, a me ka nānā aku o suffocation). Aia i kekahi hiʻona o ka pharynx, a mākou i hoakaka, ae noke nei i ka noiʻi i ka 'ole o ke kanaka puu. Ua pili ia i ka waiwai o ke kino, e like me ka hiki, e kani? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka'ōleloʻana. Hoole i ka larynx ua i mai o ka cartilage.

Ma waena o ka arytenoid cartilages, ka appendages i vocal kaula - mau loa'ōlewa a me springy olona. Ma ka manawa o ka malie na kaula vocal ma ke kaʻawale, a maopopo iho la i hiki glottis ma waena o ka elua, me ke ano o ka isosceles triangle. I ka himeni ana a me kāna'ōleloʻana i nā kaula vocal e paʻa a me ka lewa, ala mai na maʻiʻaʻai ka wā exhaling, e kauoha ana e ike i ko lakou rhythmic kuekueni like kani. kani modulation ia lŘlŘ aie i hoʻololi i ke kulana o ke alelo, lehelehe, pāpālina, ā.

Hoohanau oko ao i loko o ka 'ole o ka puu kau

Aia nō i ka helu o ka anatomical a me physiological ano o ke kanaka puu kau 'ole pili i hoohanau. Nā kānaka i loko o ka larynx cartilages e pili ana i ka luna o ka mua-larinksa ho okumu i ka wānana - o Adamu i ka ohia a me Adamu ka ohia.

Ma nā wāhine, ka huina o ka pilina wahi o ka thyroid cartilage hou visually keia protrusion hiki ole ke 'akomi i. Aia Ua hoi heʻokoʻa i loko o ka 'ole o nā kaula vocal. I na kanaka, ka mea, ua lōʻihi a me ka mānoanoa o ia mea, a me ka loa haahaa leo. Ma nā wāhine, nā kaula vocal mau thinner a me ka pōkole, kā lākou leo mea kiekie a me ka ikaika nui.

Kēia 'atikala nānā' ka anatomical a me ka physiological, ao ke ano o ka 'ole o ke kanaka puu.