DNA replication - i ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao

Replicating DNA - deoxyribonucleicʻakika biosynthesis. Ka mea no ka biosynthesis o DNA mea adenosine, a guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornayaʻakika a ATP, GTP, CTP a me TTP.

DNA replication

Biosynthesis lawe mai i loko o ke alo o ka ai-i kapaia o "hua" - he nui o ka hoopahaohao hookahi-ili deoxyribonucleicʻakika hōʻeleu. Ka hōʻeleu hana me ka DNA polymerase. Kēia'ūhū ua komo i loko o ke Aloha o ka nucleotide residues. I kekahi minuke, hoʻohuiʻia oi ma mua o 1,000 nucleotide residues. Ke nucleotide residues i loko o ka lātoma o deoxyribonucleicʻakika apana nahaha interconnected 3 ', 5'-phosphodiester paa. DNA polymerase catalyzes ka hou o mononucleotides residues a hiki i ka noa 3-hydroxyl hopena-hoopahaohao deoxyribonucleicʻakika. First synthesized hapa uuku wale no o ka DNA lātoma. Ka mea, haawi aku lakou ia lakou iho i ka hana o ka DNA ligase, e hana i ka hakina lōʻihi o deoxyribonucleicʻakika. Nā hakina i IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE ma aeea nuclei. Hoopahaohao deoxyribonucleicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka wahi o ka ulu ana o ka wā e hiki mai DNA nā lātoma, a mea no hoi ka mua i ka a ua hana i kekahi antiparallel kaapuni deoxyribonucleicʻakika i ia iho me ka DNA mea'ālike ma ka' ole a me ka hoʻokomo 'ana i ka nucleotide kaʻina o nā residues. Replication o DNA ia lŘlŘ i interphase mitotic aeea mahele. Deoxyribonucleicʻakika ua kia ma ka chromosomes a me ka chromatin. Ma hope iho o ke kahua o single- deoxyribonucleicʻakika hana kona kiʻekiʻe, a tertiary hale. Mau kaula makalii o deoxyribonucleicʻakika i interconnected ma ka hydrogen paa ana o ka complementarity noho alii ana. DNA replication ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka halepaahao nuclei.

Pictures kekahi mau hui no ka biosynthesis o ka RNA? Ueo a me ka ikehu-waiwai hui o ATP, GTP, CTP a me TTP. Ribonucleicʻakika hiki e synthesized laila me ka komo ana o kekahi o na hakina ekolu: ka DNA-e kaukaʻi RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases a me RNA-e kaukaʻi RNA polymerase. Ka mua o kēia mau mea i loko o nā nuclei o nā mea a pau keena hamama no hoi ma na mitochondria. RNA Ua synthesized ma luna o ka DNA UAAIIeIA i loko o ke alo o ka ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mangan a me makanekiuma Ion. Hua mai la i RNA lātoma mea manuahi i ka DNA UAAIIeIA. I ka DNA replication hoʻoweliweli ma nuclei i hanaʻia, ke pa-RNA,, t-RNA a me RNA-RNA, a priming. Ka mea mua ekolu e kaʻi aku i ka cytoplasm, kahi a lakou i komo i loko o kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis.

DNA replication ia lŘlŘ kokoke like pono me ka unuhi o deoxyribonucleicʻakika. EYI like pono me ka mālama 'ana o ka' ike aaiaoe ua lawe mai i loko o nāʻanuʻu: Ekolu a me ka unuhi. He aha mea he'ōewe? 'ōewe - he mea pa alima, i ka hapa o na nā lātoma o deoxyribonucleicʻakika (RNA i loko o kekahi nā mea hoʻomaʻi). Na ma ka chromosomes o ka halepaahao nuclei. Aaiaoe ike ua pū i hiki mai ka DNA Via RNA e kumuʻiʻo. Ekolu a ua lawe mai i loko o ka halepaahao nucleus a me ka pili ana i ka hoʻololi kemikala o mRNA ma pauku o deoxyribonucleicʻakika nā lātoma. Ua pono e olelo aku i ke kaʻina o deoxyribonucleicʻakika nucleotides "rewritten" i loko o ka nucleotide kaʻina o ka lātoma a me RNA. RNA polymerase ua pili i ka AYEIE DNA hapa, "unwinds" kona mau helix 'ole a me ka kope deoxyribonucleicʻakika nucleotides no ka hoʻopili i ka rula o ka complementarity. E like me ka pohupani hale apana nahaha synthesized RNA ili aku ai kolo ana aku, mai ka mua, a me ka waʻa-ili DNA hope'ūhū koke hoihoi hou ia. Inā i ka hopena o ka RNA polymerase kīnā a mānewanewa kanikau hapa kolo ana aku, mai ka RNA UAAIIeIA ma ka karyoplasm laila kolo ana i loko o ka cytoplasm, kahi e lawe hapa i ka kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis.

Iloko o ka hōʻike i hoʻokomo 'nucleotide kaʻina i loko o ka lātoma a RNA translates i loko o ke kaʻina o ka'aminoʻakika residues i loko o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Kēia kaʻina hana ia lŘlŘ ma ka cytoplasm, a ua hui a hana polysomes RNA.