Ka pilina o nā mo'o

'O ka pūnaewele ka pae o ka'ike i lawe'ia e ka ho'oilina. Ua ho i kekahi hapa o ka DNA lātoma (i kekahi manawa RNA). 'O ka pilina o nā genes e hō'oia ana i ka ho'ololi'ana i nā hō'ailona ha'aha'a o nā'ōnaehana makua i nā keiki.

Hō'ike kēlā me kēia hui i kahi'ano hilina'i'ole i hilina'i'ia ma luna o kekahi. Hiki iā lākou ke pilina. He mea hiki i ke aloha i ka mea i loaʻa ua ua hoʻopili'āina hoʻoili o nā'ōewe. I ka hui'ana i kahi genotype, hana lākou ma ke'ano he kikowaena. 'O nā pilina ko'iko'i ma waena o lākou he mana a he ho'omaha.

'O ka genotype kanaka he mau mano (mau) hua'ōlelo (e ho'okomo'ia) i nā 46 chromosomes wale nō. 'O kēlā me kēia o lākou he nui loa o nā gen ('a'ole i emi ma lalo o 30,000).

'O ke kūlana o ka ho'omohala'ana o kahi hi'ohi'ona kūikawā hiki ke kūpono ma muli o ka mana o ka ho'okahi ho'okahi'ole, akā, he pūnaewele holo'oko'a, e pili ana i kahi ala'ole. 'O kēia hulina o nā genes i kapa'ia he polymer (multisyllabic). Ma kēia'ano, ua ho'oilina ka'ili o ka'ili, ka lauoho a me nā haneli he nui.

Mahalo i kēia helu o nā'ano'ano, hana nui a me ka ho'omohala'ana i nā lā'au i'ike'ia, i loko o nā'ano like'ole o nā pūnaewele ho'oka'awale i ho'olako'ia. I loko o nā kānaka, e pili ana i kahi 200 mau'ano pūnaewele ua'ike'ia ua loa'a nā'āpana hou a'e i loko o kahi'ano'oihana'oihana a me nā'ano morphological o nā pūnaewele.

'O ka hui pū'ana o nā genes ma ho'okahi chromosome ua ho'oholo'ia e ka hua'ōlelo "hui pū". 'O nā'ano'ano a pau o ka pū'ali hui pū kekahi i ho'ohui'ia i ka wā i ho'okumu'ia ai nā pāpili.

Ma nā hui kaiaulu like'ole,'a'ole like ka helu o nā kinene. Two-hapalua AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ua wehewehe aku i loko i ka lālau mea i malama i ka Mendelian kānāwai. Eia na'e,'a'ohe o ka pilina piha. Ma ke'ano kūlana, ua hō'ike'ia nā hanana'ehā i ka hua.

Līkaia allelic a me ka 'ole-allelic'ōewe hana kūleʻa. 'O nā alleles ke'ano o ka pū ho'okahi.

'O Allelic ka pilina o nā genes e komo ana i loko o ho'okahi mau paileka. Hō'ike'ia ka hō'ailona o ka hō'ailona'a'ole wale ma ka pilina o ke kūlana mana wale nō, akā,'o ka heluna o nā gen genotype.

e hiki ke hana i na wahi i pili, e like me ka piha dominance (ka wā o ka phenotype o ka heterozygote o ka huina hoonui o ka wale he hookahi'ōewe) a kāpili (ka phenotype o ka heterozygote oko a mai ka phenotype o homozygous Alleles Hoʻohaku kāna moʻolelo a me ka recessive, e lawe kiʻekiʻe (waena) waiwai ia ia Kodominirovanie -. A 'O ka pilina o nā genes, i ka wā heterozygotes i loko o ka phenotype he huahana o nā mea'elua.

'O ka non-allelic ka hopena pili o'elua (mau) non-allelic genes. Hiki ke hō'ike'ia ma ke'ano o kahi epistatic, māmā, polymeric a ho'ololi paha i ka pilina.

Hiki i nā pilina o nā non-allelic genes ke hana ma nā'ano like'ole, no laila ua'ike'ia nā'ano he nui.

'O ke'ano - ka pilina o nā genes o ka miming i loko o kekahi genotype a me ka ho'ohālikelike i kekahi hō'ike.

'O Polymeric ka hopena pā'ani o kekahi mau genes non-allelic i ke kūkulu'ia'ana o kahi hi'ohi'ona, kahi e ho'ohālikelike ai i ka laina ma'amau i nā hua'ōlelo'ano. He loiloi ka Polymerism a'a'ole e ho'onui'ia. I ka hihia mua, ua ho'oholo'ia ka hō'ailona o ke'ano e ka helu o nā paukū nui o nā polymeric genes i loko o ka genotype. Ma ka lua o ka hihia, ke kumu o ka ho'omohala'ana o ke'ano i ho'oholo'ia ma muli wale nō o ka hiki'ana o nā mau'aina nui a'a'ole ho'i i hilina'i i ko lākou helu.

Epistasis - ka suppression o ka 'ōewe Hoʻohaku allele o kekahi nonallelic mua. A suppression o nā hana Hoʻohaku a me ka recessive alleles ma gipostatichnom 'ōewe recessive allele epistatic makana i loko o ka homozygous moku'āina.

Ho'ohui - ke kūkulu'ia kēia ma'i ma lalo o ka hana o 2 mau mana nui, i'ole kekahi e hana i ka ho'omohala'ana i ka hana.

Ho'ololi - he ho'ololi o ka hana o nā gen genes e nā mea ho'ololi'ole a pau e pili ana iā lākou. Hiki i ho'okahi iwi ke hana i ka mea nui ma ka mālama'ana i ka ulu'ana o kekahi'ano a me ka loli e pili ana i ka ho'omohala'ana i kekahi'ano'ē a'e.

Ho'omaopopo mau'ia ka pilina o nā mo'o, i ka manawa e ho'oholo ai kekahi mau mo'o i ka ho'okumu'ana i kekahi'ano o kekahi hō'ailona o ke kino.