Ka uilaʻikena kumu i uilaʻikena: ho'ākāka 'ana a me ka o Mānoa,

a pau ike mai ke kālaikūlohea papa ia ma lalo o ka uilaʻikena mea i manaoia directional kauoha noi (particles) e hali ana i ke kauoha. E loaa i ke alakaʻi mele hoolilo pila nui kahua. ʻO ia ka pono i ka mea e hoʻomau e nei no ka lōʻihi manawa, ka pilaʻikena.

Sources o ka uilaʻikena hiki e:

• kūpaʻa;
• Nine Inch;
• mechanical;
• mea uholo uila.

Kēlā me kēia hana ua hana kahi raznozaryazhennye māheleʻia (particles), a laila he uila kahua mana kumu. Maheleia, e loaa i mauʻauamo i loko o ka lepo pili o conductors. A hiki i ka auamo i pili i ke alakaʻi mele (particles) me ke kauoha hoʻomaka eʻoni aʻe, a me ka uilaʻikena ua hana.

Sources o ka uilaʻikena hana mea hou i hana muaʻole uila mīkini

A hiki i ka hapalua like-umikumamahiku kenekulia e paka i ka uilaʻikena koi 'ia i ka puu o ka hana. I ka Ia manawa, ulu helu o nā kānakaʻepekema komo i loko o ka mea. A Otto von Guericke invented ka mua uila kaʻa i loko o ke ao nei. Ma kekahi hoʻokolohua ia me ka luaipele, i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka puha mea poepoe i o ka aniani, paakiki, a wawahi ae la i ka aniani. Guericke hooikaika i ka poepoe no laila, i ka mea hiki e me. Ka ao ka mea a me ka ua e kekahi'āpana o ka ili, ka mea loaʻa he hunaahi. Kēia kū'ē mea me ka nui loa maʻalahi e loaa pokole-makahiki uila. Akā, no ka nui pilikia pilikia hiki ke Wehewehe i nā hāʻina me ka hou 'ana o ka' epekema wale nō.

Ka pilikia ua i ka 'āhewa' ana Gericke nalowale koke. E hoomahuahua i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka uku ole ua waihoia ma ka paʻa ipu (aniani hue), a hoʻouila wai slike hana me ke kui. Hoʻokolohua hoʻomākaukau leʻa ka wā o ka hue a me nāʻaoʻaoʻelua kapa komo iā ia me ka lawelawe mea (metala foils, no ka laʻana). E like me ka hopena, ua ike ia ka mea i hiki ke hana me ka wai.

Poloka wāwae me kaʻikena kahi

ala e paka uila no ka manawa mua kekahi ike Luidzhi Galvani. E like me ka biologist,ʻo ia hana i loko o ke Keʻena kahi ho okolohua me ka uila. He ike aku la, ua hoemi ia ka make rana ka wāwae o ka mea, ua malia ma ka hunaahi, mai ka mīkini. Akā, i kekahi lā, i loaʻa ka mea ia ia ma ka paha i ka wa a na nä känaka 'epekema hoopa ana i kona kila scalpel.

Hoomaka ae la oia e nana i na kumu, ma laila i ka pila nuiʻikena. Sources o ka uila pono ma kona hopena hope loa i rana nā'aʻaʻa.

Kekahi Italia, Alessandro Volta, hōʻoleʻia kāna i ka "rana" o ke ano o ka hanana o kaʻikena. Ua Ua ua ike ia ka nui he i pepa ke keleawe a me ka kiniki i loko o ka sulfuricʻakika pāʻoihana. Keia hui malu pu ana ua kapaia galvanic paha Nine Inch hehee ai.

Akā, i ke ano o ia mau dala no ka EMF makemake i uaʻoi aku ko lākou maikaʻi. Nolaila,ʻepekema e hana ana ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe, me mechanical, ano o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka uila ikehu.

Pehea e holo ai ka maʻamau mīkini hana wāwahie?

I ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia Ah Oersted ike i ka hooholo ia o ka pono ma ka alakaʻi mele heʻume mākenēki ke kahua e ala mai oe me Kinohi. A iki ma hope, Faraday ike i ka wa a ke kuʻina o ka laina o ka ikaika EMF ua poloʻai pule ma ke alakaʻi mele, i ke kumu no kaʻikena. Emf loli aʻe me ka wikiwiki, a me nā conductors lakou iho, e like me ke kahua ikaika. Ma ke kuʻina o ka haneri miliona laina o ka poe ikaika no lakou no ka lua oʻonou electromotive ikaika i like i kekahi volt. Ua Ua maopopo i manuale ana i loko o kaʻume mākenēki ke kahua mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke haawi i ka nui pila nuiʻikena. Sources o ka uila papa o kēiaʻano mea ma kahi lōʻihi aku ka hoʻokō ho'āʻo me ka o Kahualoa Kokohi uea ma ka spool nui paha? Iecaianoaaiiie o kona pahu-hoʻokino. I ka'ōwili hao ua kau ma luna o ke kahawai ma waena o ka Mākēneki, a me ka rotatable ka wai a me ka mahu. Oia ka mechanical e mana kahi hoʻomaopop 'ana iʻike mau nā mīkini uila.

nui Tesla

A maikaʻi loa nä känaka 'epekema mai Serbia, Nikola Tesla, hoʻohala ai i kona ola i ka uila, i na mea he nui discoveries mea mākou hana i kēia lā. Multiphase uila mīkini, asynchronous uila Hawaii, ka mana EYI ma ka nunui-pae alternatingʻikena - keia mea i ka pau papa inoa o ka nui iao? Hana.

He nui nā manaʻo i ka kŰia o Siberia, ikeia like me ka Tunguska meteorite, ma ka mea ka mea, ua kapaia o Tesla. Akā paha kekahi o ka loa pohihihi o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole mea he mea hoʻololi uila hiki ke loaa anakahi uila i ka umikumamalima miliona volts. Hana o kona manaʻo, a me ka ike kanawai o intractable ho. Akā, i loko o ia mau lā, ua hoʻomaka e hoʻoikaika i holo enehana, ma i ua ole ambiguity. No laila, i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka manawa poina.

Akā, i kēia lā, me ka Hekikai o kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea i loko o kona hana hou hoihoi hou. Etera ike kinoea i ka mea paha i nā kānāwai a pau o ka mechanics kinoea. Ua kokoke mai ka ikehu mai malaila ka Tesla nui. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka Etera kumumanaʻo i Ua loa, he pono ole i loko o ka hala mawaena o na mea he nuiʻepekema. Wale me ka muli o ka srt - Einstein ka kūikawā pähola 'o ka relativity, ma i hoole aku la oia i ke ola ana o Etera - poina no ia, eia nae hope ua kālaiʻia i ka mau kumumanaʻo i i' aʻa aku ia ia e like me ia.

Akā, oiai e noho ma luna o ka uilaʻikena a me ka maalea, e hiki i ubiquitous i keia la.

? Ac? O oaoieei-manao maalea - mana lako

Ia mau manaʻo i ia no ka hou 'ana i kekahi ikehu i loko o uila ikehu. I loko nō o ka mea i ke kino ai a me ka Nine Inch ano o ka hana uila i ua wehe no ka lōʻihi manawa, ubiquitous, loaa ka mea wale nō, mai ka lua o ka hapalua o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ka wā e lilo hikiwawe loa ka ulu 'uilaʻoe. Ka loiloi mua elima galvanic Leomakana i inā e 25 ano. A pähola 'o galvanic Leomakana i helu mau tausani, mai ka noa ikehu hiki ke hoʻokō i kekahi oxidizing, a hoemi paha.

Helu Power Sources

Natural kumu o ka uila, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala hope. Hoikehonua, i kūpono e lilo increasingly stringent, a me ka hanalima ka wela a me ka thermionic nā mīkini uila ana Makuakane me ka ulu ho'āʻo. Helu mana kumu - e manaʻo ma ka thermal, electromagnetic a, me mechanical a me ka ikehu o ka pāhawewe a me nukelea palaho ua hoohuliia i loko o uila ikehu. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna, ka mea, i kona külana like uila kiko'ī, MHD nā mīkini uila, e like me ka hoʻololi 'ana i pāhawewe lā a me ka'ātoma ka palaho.

I ka uila pono i loko o ke alakaʻi mele i nalo, e pono i mawaho kumu e malama kekahi ikehu likeʻole ma ke alakaʻi mele welau. No keia mea i nā kumu ikehu i loaʻa i kekahi electromotive pūʻali koa , e hana, a malama i kekahi ikehu like. EMF ana uilaʻikena kumu ana i hana ia i ka hua hoʻohuiʻoihana hoololiia ana ma ka paʻa huakai kaapuni.

Ia'ku i loko o ka mana lako quantitatively characterizes ia, i maopopo ai ka nui o ka ikehu emi ma ke kumu.

I ka mana a me ka hoʻokōʻana o ke anakahi uila like me ka lākiō o ka mea mawaho uila kaapuni i EMF.

Nine kumu

Nineʻikena kumu i loko o ka uila kaapuni EMF o ka mea, ma ka ikaika o Nine Inch reactions ua hoohuliia i loko o uila ikehu.

Kona kumu he o elua nā uila aʻa lolo: he negatively hoopiiia hoemi hope, a oxidizing Agena ua ikaika i hoopiiia, i mea ma ka hui 'ana me ka electrolyte. Ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo kekahi ikehu like, EMF.

Hoikehonua, manaʻo mea pinepine i hoʻohana:

• like me ka hoemi hope - kēpau, cadmium, kiniki a me na mea e ae;
• oxidant - nikala hydroxide, kēpau'okesaside, manganese a me ka mea e like;
• electrolyte - pāʻoihana o nāʻakika, alkalis paha paʻakai.

Hoʻomano hoʻohana maloʻo keena o ka kiniki a me ka manganese. Moku ia mai kiniki (me ka io'ūholo uila). I loko o ua hoonoho iho i ka maikaʻi'ūholo uila me ka läÿau, o manganese'okikene lua me ka kalapona a graphite ka pauka a ho'ēmi i kā e kū'ē'ē mai. Ke electrolyte hana me he kāpili ma luna o ka'amoniuma koloriside, pia, a 'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou.

Hoailonaia he kēpau-ʻakika o na pu ki - ia mea pinepine he kiʻekiʻe Nine Inchʻikena kumu i loko o ka uila a puni me ke kiʻekiʻe nona iho, eii? Holo mai, a me ka haahaa kāki. Iuo aaoa? O kēia 'ano i hoʻohana' ia i loko o nā kula. Ka mea, pinepine makemake no like me ka iuo aaoa?, I mea pakahi aku la ia waiwai no ke kaʻa, ma ka mea nui, he mau monopolists.

Kekahi, he pono ole o na pu ki ninoieo o ka hao (anode), nikala'okesaside hydrate (cathode) a me ka electrolyte - he koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ke potasiuma a paʻakai. Kaʻeleu mea i loko o ka nikala-waihoʻoluʻu paʻa kila paipu.

I ka hana o kēia 'ano ua hoʻemi ma hope o ke ahi ma Edison ka hola i ka 1914. Naʻe, ina na ano o ka mua a me ka lua o ka type o na pu ki kakou e hoakaka aku, e huli mai ia i ka hana o ka hao-nikala hiki e me ka nui loa hou ma mua o ke alakaʻi iʻakika.

Nā mīkini uila o DC, a AC

ʻO nā mīkini uila i na manao ona mea i manao ai e hoʻololi me mechanical ikehu i loko o uila ikehu.

Ke simplest DC mīkini hana wāwahie hiki ke poe me he kuhia o ke alakaʻi mele, a i waiho ma waena o kaʻume mākenēki mauʻauamo, a me ka welau i pili i ka noho kaʻawale hapa-apo (ÿauhau). No ka mea, e hana, e pono e hōʻoia i ka kuapo o ke kino a me ke ÿauhau. A laila ia e eʻonou uilaʻikena loli kuhikuhi ana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka meaʻume mākenēki kahua laina. Ka mawaho kaapuni ia e komo i loko o ka hoʻokahi ao ao. Ua huli mai i ka ÿauhau e straighten alternatingʻikena, a ua hua mai ma ka wahi ponoi. E hoʻokō DC ÿauhau ua i mai o kanakolu-eono a oi mau papa, a me ke alakaʻi mele ka loaʻa o ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā mōlina i loko o ka palapala o ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi.

E hoomanao i ka mea a ka manao o kaʻikena kumu huakai kaapuni. Ike pehea la ka oi akuʻikena kumu i kahi.

An uila kaapuni: uila ʻikena, he ikaika, he kumu

Ka uila a puni ka loaʻa o kaʻikena kahi i, pu me nā mea hana i ke alanui no kaʻikena. A manaʻo emf anakahi uila a me kaʻikena e kahe ana ma keia hāmama electromagnetic a keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ka loa noonoo ole uila kaapuni ninoieo o ka papa kahi (o na pu ki, he electrochemical halepaahao mīkini hana wāwahie, a no laila, ma luna o), ikehu nā mea kūʻai mai (uila heaters, uila Hawaii a me ka 'ē aʻe), a me na kaula ai pili aku i ka maʻi o ke anakahi uila kumu a me ka consumer.

Ka uila kaapuni i ka na (mana kumu) a me kekahi mawaho (kaula, mea hoʻololi, nalu, ana mea) māhele.

Ka mea, e hana, a i ka maikaʻi cia wale ina ka hoakaka paʻa huakai kaapuni. Kekahi nahā i ke kumu no cessation oʻikena pele.

Ka uila kaapuni ninoieo o kaʻikena kumu i loko o ka palapala o electrochemical keena, uila accumulators, electromechanical a me ka thermoelectric nā mīkini uila, nieia keena, a no laila, ma luna o.

Like uila Hawaii hana pa alima e hoʻolilo i ka ikehu i loko o ma paʻi ikehu, kau iho a me ka hahana maoli nō kēia manaʻo, electrolysis mea hoʻonoho a no laila, ma luna o.

Last i na manao maalea i mea nui no ka huli ana, a aku, ana kani a me aiiay maomeka.

A pau na eiiiiiaiou e māheleʻia i loko o:

• hana (kahi o ka uila kaapuni ka loaʻa o kaʻikena kahi EMF, uila Hawaii, iuo aaoa? a no laila, ma luna o);
• OE (i nā pou pa alima, a interconnecting pilina).

Ke kaula hiki no hoi e:

• laina, kahi o ka ia'ku hehee ai ua mau wehewehe aku ma ka pololei o ka laina;
• nonlinear, kahi o ka ia'ku mea e kaukaʻi ma ke anakahi uila a me kaʻikena.

Ia mea i ka simplest noaia, kahi o ka huakai kaapuni ka loaʻa o kaʻikena kahi kuapo, he kukui, he rheostat.

I loko nō o ka he ākea ka hoʻonuiʻana o ia oaoieei-manaʻo, o ka oi aku i loko o nā manawa hou aku a hou aku kanaka e noi ninau e pili ana i ka mea hoʻonoho o kaʻaʻokoʻa kumu.

Aʻano o nā kumu o ka uila ikehu

He aha kumu o ka uilaʻikena no nei? Ia mea,ʻaʻole wale i ka la, ka makani, ka honua a me ka iʻa. Ua lilo lakou ai-kapa kūhelu kaʻaʻokoʻa kumu.

Au pono aku nei au i ka mea i koe i kekahi koho 'ia paha. Ka mea, i ole, he pono ole, no ka mea,ʻaʻole i hiki a me ka hōʻoluʻolu. Akā, ka mea i ike, malia o ka wā e hiki mai, e e pono ia mahope o lakou.

Penei, hiki e loaa uila ikehu mai ka paakai wai. Norway i mua hookupaa mana, ana i kēia 'ike loea.

hiki i ka mana wahi e holo aku au ma ka wahie keena me ka paa'okesaside electrolyte.

Ike piezoelectric nā mīkini uila loaa i ka ikehu ma ka kinetic ikehu (ua nei me ka 'ike loea i na sidewalks, mämä holo bumps, turnstiles a hiki hula palaoa).

Aia nā nanogenerators, i mea nona ma ka hou 'ana o ka ikaika i loko o ke kanaka kino i loko o uila.

He aha hiki oe e olelo aku e pili ana i ka līoho e hoʻa'ā i ko lakou mau wahi i noho ai, pôpeku pahikaua, hoʻomakaʻia uila, ka poʻe kau paikikala, lolouila nā Hāmeʻa hiki ke hoopiiia, a me ka i kua ia pepa, hoʻohana i ka mana kahi?

Great olelo mua, o ka papa, no ka hooulu ana o ka lua pele ikehu.

A pau i kēia mea i hiki mai-lā realities ma iʻepekema hana. He hiki i kekahi o ia mea koke lilo loa ai commonplace, e like uila ma home i keia la.

Malia paha kekahi, e hōʻike mai i nā mea huna o ke nä känaka 'epekema Nikola Tesla, a me ka manaʻo kanaka e e hiki ke hoopuni ke loaa ka mana mai o ka lewa?