Kasimov Khanate mōʻaukala, oa ?? eoi?, Hoʻokele

Kēia 'oihana hoʻonaʻauao aupuni, a ala ae la ma ka 15th kenekulia, a he elua haneri oi ma mua o kona mau makahiki, mea no ke kumuhana o ka hahana kūkākūkā, ka i komo o i mea na authoritative kākau moʻolelo. Kasimov Khanate - he oiaio hanana kŰia o ka hala. I ka mea ala ae? He aha kūlana ua? He aha ka mea a Mānoa häʻawi mai ai iä ia i loko o Lūkini mōʻaukala? No ke aha la ke aupuni "Genghisides" hina no ka nui? Eia nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE nīnūnē e nā controversial no ka haumana o ka mea i hala. I ka nele o ka pololei kumu a me ka paucity o ka hoike hahau kakaolelo koho wale speculation me ka mea i he mau kenekulia aku nei Kasimov Khanate. I kēia lā, ua kŰia ia i? Anoee a hiki i ka hopena. E ka ho'āʻo i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE aʻo theories a kālailai, mea hiki ia i ka moʻolelo o Kasimov Khanate.

nucleation kikowaena

Ka mea ma luna o nā hale a ua ukali ia e na kailaʻae o ka statehood i waho, e like me kānakaʻepekema, i loko o ke kahi o kaʻohana noho Meshchera. Kona Poeikohoia, kamaʻilio i kekahi o ka Finno-Ugric 'ōlelo, kalaka nui-nomadic kanaka. I ka hoʻomaka o ka lua o Ka Wā Kaukani, i ka mokuna o ka ohana ma Slavic krivichi. Mākou hiki ole ke olelo ia meschertsy, ua hauʻoli i ka uninvited poe hoaai, akā, kipaku iā lākou, mai ko lākou mokuna, aole lakou i hana ole.

A krivichi e ku ana ma ke kahua oi aku o ka? Acaeoey, no laila kōkua Kupa Maoli kanaka, e hana i ko lakou ola hou makaainana moʻomeheu. Eia naʻe,ʻo nā kaua hopohopo, e like me ka Slavs e noho lōʻihi ma kekahi wahi. Meschertsy ike mua i ka home o ka oshkurennyh pauku ma i ke ola ua nui aku iʻoluʻolu ma mua i loko o ka dugouts. Ma hope o ka manawa, a me ka "kanaka" hoomaka ae la e kukulu iho hale, e hahai ana i ke kumu hoohalike Krivichy. A no naʻe iā ia, e hanai mahiʻai, e like me pū ma ka Pottery, a me ka blacksmithing. nalo ia ia kekahi o keia i ka noonoo ana o na mea nona. Ultimately, mau ohana podruzhatsya a Pōhaku pu. Lākou koko i hui pū, ma ka Kupa Maoli kai i loko o ka kāʻei kua pagan aoao, 'ōlelo a me ka moʻomeheu. Lakou e apo hou aku i ka "holomua" e kū ai i ka Slavs, a ola ma ko lakou mau kumu.

Gorodets Meshchersky

Makahiki ma hope meschertsy krivichi a e e noniakahi. Lākou mau kauhale ia iho i loko o ka nohona-ia kenekoa kaiāulu me ka nani inoa Gorodets Meshchersky. Ka mea, ua laila, a ua Kasimov Khanate. Ia kenekoa hooponopono ua kokoke ka wahi, kahi a ka muliwai kahe mai i loko o ka Oka Babenka.

E like me ia i kekahi mau kumu, ma ka hapalua like-12th kenekulia, Gorodets Meshchersky kipa Grand Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. He laila, i mālama ka hooikaika ana i ka palena o ka wa kahiko Rusia, a me ka hana ana i paa i ka hooponopono ana o ka Slavs Krivichy, a me ka pono wahi, Gorodets Meshchersky kauoha e huli i loko o ka pā kaua.

Ua ua i ka 1152, a ua kauoha aku ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou i ke kulanakauhale, ua hookumuia ia ma ka manawa. Ka hooponopono Ua hoomaluia e ka lāʻau pa, he moat a me ka ipu lepo pā. No laila, Gorodets Meshchersky i ka papa kuhikuhiE kahu o Suzdal-Vladimir na'lii. Mai Lepera ikaika Makuakane me ka hana ia ia a ma ka 1376 i hele mai i ke Rusia ke Mongol-Tatars. Ka enemi Ua ai pepehiiaʻi, powaiaʻi, a hoonoho iho la ke ahi i Gorodets Meshchersky.

hou kulanakauhale

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ke ana i ke koena o ke kaua meschertsam e hoʻokele e kūkulu hou i ke kulanakauhale, akā, ma kaʻokoʻa wahi. Ano, i ka ana (i hope loaa kekahi inoa - New Nizovoy kulanakauhale) ua ma waena o nui na awawa, elua, i ka poe, mai ke komohana a me ka hikina aoao o insurmountable o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i kaʻenemi ke aupuni '. Mai ke kūkulu'ākau ke kulanakauhale i rimmed impenetrable ululāʻau, a mai ka hema - o ka muliwai me ke kiʻekiʻe mauna kahakai. E hoʻoikaika i ka hoomalu ana o ke kulanakauhale ramparts Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o nā mea a pauʻaoʻao, ma luna o ka mea e pii ai i ka laau pa. Ke kaʻina hana o ka kūkulu o ka hou ka mauʻu-aa o ke kulanakauhale i lawe mai i ka noho alii ana o Prince Dmitry Donskoy o Moscow a me Prince Vasili. Ua paʻa Russian aina ka hoʻohuiʻana pilikino E pili, a koke ka hou hooponopono meschertsev a me Krivichy, alii iho la oia i Alexander Ukovich Prince, lilo ae la kekahi hapa o ka Moscow na'lii. A me New Nizovoy kulanakauhale, e like me ma mua, lawe mai na palena o ka pale papa, no ka mea, ke kaiāulu ua he ikaika Kazan Khanate, i ka manawa o ka noho alii ana o Ivan IV lilo kekahi hapa o Rusia.

Policy Kazan luna

I ka mana o ke Kazan aupuni alternately i hala mai ka lima a he lima o kekahi mauʻohana. Kekahi o nā keiki kāne o ka nohoaliʻiʻana o Mahmutek i mea e pipili mai ai i ka nohoalii i ke ola o kona makua kāne a me ka hoahānau.

Kona mau kaikaina (a Qasim Yakub), e pakele ai, i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka holo mai o kona hanau Khanate. A laila, loaʻa ka mea, ia lakou iho i loko o ka Moscow na'lii, a noi i ka Prince Basil II hoomaluia a me ka puʻuhonua. Naʻe, ka mea Lūkini aliʻi i loko o ka waena o ka 15th kenekulia i makemake ole e hele i ka hamama confrontation me na luna o Kazan. I ke kauwela 1445 Vasiliy Temny poho i loko o ke kaua kokoke Suzdal keiki kakou nana Khan Ulu-Muhammed. A me ka pu a me kona hoahānau, ikea mai ka Haku o Moscow, oiai ma ka noho pio ana. Akā, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o Vasily II Ua hookuu ia no ka nunui pānaʻi. Russian lula Ua haʻakoiʻia, e hoʻopau i ka Ulu-Mohammed aelike ma onerous hua'ōlelo. Haku ua hoopaa, e lawe i ka hailona o ka Tatars, i hele mai ia mai ke aliʻi 'ohana, a e hooholo i ka Moscow na'lii a "no ka ai ana." Maoli ai, o ka Lūkini kanaka i poe i na haole, e i ke loaʻa. Akā, i ka wā o nā keiki kāne o ka Kazan Khan hele mai e ninau Basil Dark patronage, oia ua hauoli keia huli o ka hanana. A me nā keiki kāne a Ulu-Muhammedʻiʻo nō i mālama mau. Prince Kasim kōkua i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Dmitry Shemyaka, kekahi i aku la ia i kaʻaoʻao o Lūkini koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku ei na Khan o ke Gula iā Goga. No ka koa, ke koa a me ka poʻe Temepela i Basil II i Qasim hooilina, a i ka piko o Gorodets Meshchersky. No laila, ma ka mokuna o Muscovy hoʻokumu Kasimov Khanate (manawa o ke kumu - 1452), e hana i i kekahi o nā keiki kāne a Khan Ulu-Muhammed kaikaina.

Naʻe, i kekahi moʻolelo kamaʻilioʻana i ka manaʻo i ka Tartarsʻikeʻia ma Mescherskaya ka honua ma mua ka mea i haawiia mai ai i ka hooponopono ana o Kashima. Kēia, ma ka nui, kamailio e pili ana i na elele o ke aliʻi ohana Shira. Wahi a ke kaʻao, haalele lakou i keia aina i ke Gula iā Goga, a ua hoʻowalewaleʻia maiʻo ia i ka hou wahi o noho ai, a ua territorially kahi kokoke i na kapakai o ka muliwai Oka a me Cna. A me kekahi o nā luna o ka Shira hoʻoholo e noho i loko o Mescherskaya honua, a hiki i Kristiano, loaa i ka hou inoa - Michael. haumana kekahi i manaoio ia ia i ke kupuna o nā aliʻi Meshchersky. Akā, ina ka mea, ua ma ka mea ike.

Qasim aupuni

A hiki i ka noho alii ana o Kashima waiho ia iā ia i ka hailona o Gorodets Meshchersky i Kapa hou i ke. He la i ka inoa o ke kulanakauhale o Kasimov a me Kashima City. ke keiki a Khan Ulu Muhammad make ma hope, i kapaʻia ka kapikala o ka mua a me ka hooponopono Meshcherov Krivichy Kasimov. Akā, ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hooponopono "hoopahaohao" ma ka moʻolelo ma Kasimov khanate (aupuni). Once hana, kēia aupuni hui pu ia lakou, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka mea kahiko Rus, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hele mai kilohana hale o Muslim kuhikuhipuʻuone.

moʻomeheu

It E e ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ole wale no ka hanana mōʻaukala o Kasimov Khanate, akā, i kona moʻomeheu.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 15th kenekulia, ua kūkuluʻia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i maoli masterpiece o kuhikuhipuʻuone - pōhaku Hale Pule Isalama me ka minaret, a i hookoeia mai ai, ina aole ma o ka palapala mana, a hiki i ka keia lā. A me keia la 'oe ke piʻi i ka minaret, a ike i ka nani loa' ano o ka Ryazan māhele 'āina mai o ka manu o ka mahuka ana. Dome mea he nunui 'ole me ka hamama lānai a me ka pohakuʻoni iho staircase. Ma ka lānai he mea he peku, piʻi aʻela i luna ma luna a Mullah kapa ma luna o kanaka, e pule. Naʻe, i ka wahi ma luna o ka lānai o ka halekiai i malama ia me he wahi kahi luna nānā 'hao wale. 'Aʻole hiki mai i ka Hale Pule Isalama o ka Ilina o o Khan Shah Ali (Tekie), i kukulu ia no keʻokeʻo pohaku.

E lawa pono ninau kupaianaha o ina paha ka mineta i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ke keiki a ka Ulu-Mohammed metala kālā kaikaina. He aha hiki pono e mōʻaukala poe akamai i olelo mai. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, a hiki i ka 16th kenekulia. Eia naʻe numismatists kanalua i dala Kasimov Khanate ola ma ka rula. Eia naʻe, ma lalo o ka kalepa N. Shishkin ma kana palapala, ai 'hana, i palapala iho ai ia mea, ua laki e paʻa i loko o kou lima metala kala hapalua like-16th kenekulia. Ke dala kalepa i Apapika palapalaia maluna penei, i translates like: "Shah Ali / ke alii Kasimov, i ka makahiki 1553". Akā, numismatistsʻoiaʻiʻo Shishkin loaa i ka hoʻopuni, no ka mea, e like me ka palapala ana i ka Tatar malihini ua unacceptable. Real Dala kuhikuhi i ka luna ka inoa, wahi a me ka makahiki o ke kalaʻana aku.

O ka holo ana, ke kahua o Kasimov Khanate - he nunui-ʻanuʻu kaʻina hana ana a hoihoi hookiekieia moʻolelo a me nā kākau moʻolelo. No ka laʻana, ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina'āina hoʻoili aʻo i loko o au mamuli i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia nä känaka 'epekema B. Velyaminov - hua liilii. I ka hopena o kona noiʻi i ka eha-ka leo "Study ma Kasimov nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi." Mea kākau Vladimir Soloviev ma ka ia 19th kenekulia, paʻi i ka puke, "Kasimov wahine mare." Ua pono, he mau makahiki ma hope o ka kalepa N. Shishkin, ka mea i noho ma luna o ka mokuna o Mescherskaya aina, kakau iho la oia i kekahi puke i loko i nā mea kiko'ī a me nā lāliʻi i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka mea, ua Kasimov Khanate hoʻonaʻauao.

Kūlana i loko o ka moʻolelo o Rusia

Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i ka ?? eoi? Ee, i loko o ka wā kahiko, aia i kekahi hooponopono Krivichy a me Meshcherov lilo no Lūkini KUMUMANAʻO NUI States ou wahi lihi iki a hiki i ke au ia Yuriya Dolgorukova. A kenekulia ma hope, ka mea, ua ulu i loko o ka nohona a me ka pili mau hua'ōlelo Kasimov Khanate. 1445-1552 makahiki he i ka loa nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala no ia. Ua a pau, hoomaka ae la me ka Ulu-Mohammed, i kokua mai Basil Dark • loaʻa hou i ka noho aliʻi, lilo like me ka hopena o ka uprising. Dmitry Shemyaka Ua hoʻokahuliʻia. A me ka mahalo no ke kōkua i ke alii o Moscow haawi Meshcherskaya aina e noho ai Qasim.

A hookauwa ae la oia Vasily Dark, ma ka pono e komo i loko o koa kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Lūkini moku'āina. No laila, Kasimov Khanate, o kona luna hoomau i ke kulekele o kana keiki muli iho Ulu-Mohammed ma hope o kona make ana, ua he maoli kaua o ke au kahiko o Rusia.

Shahghali

No loko o keia mau mea, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono o Khan Shah Ali. E like me he keiki la i embroiled i loko o ka pohihihi pili aupuni hihiu, kahi Kazan alternately lawe i kaʻaoʻao o ka Luna Nui Duchy o Moscow, ka Crimean Khanate. Shahghali pinepine lilo i ke aliʻi o ke aupuni o ke Kazan, akā, Ua lukuʻia kēlā me kēia manawa (i loko o kekahi hihia, ma ka Initiative o Ivan IV). E ho'ōlaʻo ia e kiʻi Kasimov Khanate (ke kapikala - ke kulanakauhale o Qasim).

Ma ka M-1552-Ali Shah a me kona poe koa kokua Ivanu Groznomu e lanakila Kazan.

Kupaianaha pilina o ka wā e hiki mai ma luna o Qasim Khanate a me Suimbeki maikai, i oi i ka wahine kāne make o ka mea i make Khan o Kazan. Ke kaikamahine i i makemake i ka pōkole, a Kekahuna Shahghali, akā, Ivan IV, ua manao e mare i kekahi mau i loko o ia mea a pau i ka waiwai e lilo aku, a me ka ike i ko lakou mau moe. Akā, i ka pomaikai o ka mare ana, aole hoi Suimbeki a Shah-Ali i ole lawe mai. Beautiful wahinekanemake noho a pau o kona ola ana, e like me ka manu i loko o ka hīnaʻi manu, me ka haalele Kasimov Palace, a Khan mau kaumaha ma ka mea i kana wahine i konaʻaumakua.

Hana o na mea kaua Kasimov Khan mahalo ma na mea he nui Lūkini na kanaka. Shahghali kōkua uhi i ka uprising ma Kazan i ka 1554, a laila, komo i loko o ke kaua kokoke Vyborg me ka Swedes, a laila, hele aku la i ka oihana koa kai eʻe ma luna o Livonia. A ma ka 1562 hakaka ae la laua ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini e ku ei ka Polish King Sigismund, ma keia oihana hana Shah hoopio aku Polotsk. A makahiki ma hope, i kauoha mai ai i ke alii, e hele i Khan Lithuania. Ma keia kai eʻe i ka Shah-Ali pu aku i ka haku Ivan Wolski.

Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, no ka Tatar warlord kōkua me ka nui loa hoʻonui i ka palena o ka Lūkini moku'āina. A nui paha ka mea, ua Kasimov Khanate? Ke kuai oukou wahi o ka'āina hoʻoili o lakou a, ma ka hou ana i ke kapikala, kekahi mau fiefs mai ka olelo kū kaʻawale, i loaʻa: Temnikov, ENKA, Aloha, Kadom.

Ma hua'ōlelo o ka Lāhui, "aupuni" i na poe eʻekolu pūʻulu: Mordovians, Kasimovskoye Tatars a Tatars-Mishars. No laila, e'ōlelo aku ethnographers, moʻolelo, ka mea i loa? Anoee ka kŰia i kapaia o Kasimov Khanate. Ke 'ōlelo ka mea, ke olelo aku kona poʻe e noho ana? Ma kekahi o Tartar olelo me ka oihana mua Mishar adverbs.

Ali Shah make i ka 1567, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i ke aliʻi ka kino i loko o ka Ilina o o Kasimov.

Mau kenekulia ma hope o ka mea kākau moʻolelo V. Velyaminov - Zernov kakau iho la ia, ma ka hou ana i Khan, na kino i Tekie kana wahine aoeae-Aʻole a me Suimbek a me kekahi mau hoahanau.

Ka hope i ka Shah-Ali

Owai la la i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka Kasimov Khanate? Historical wehewehena hōʻike 'ana i kēia hopena i i hookoia he mamao pili o Shah-Ali, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ka nui-moopuna o Akhmat Khan o ke Gula iā Goga. He Ua kapa Sain-Bulat. Management Mescherskaya'āina āna i waiho ia iho Ivan Grozny. A me ka mea hou nona o Kasimov Khanate hoomaka ae la e kōkua i ka Lūkini tsar e lanakila hou ?? eoi?.

I ka 1573, Khan i bapetizoia iho la i loko o ka Orthodox Church, a i ka inoa Simeona. Ma hope iho o ia, ua lawe Ivan IV, mai Sain-Bulat Meshchersky maka, akā, haʻalele ia i ka inoa. Mau makahiki ma hope, i ka mea weliweli palaka hai mai la Simeona Bekbulatovich "Tsar a me Grand Prince o pau Rusia." Maoli ai, a pau keia huli mai e ia i ka maʻamau props: Ivan IV no kekahi mea makemake e haawi mai i ka noho aliʻi. A mau mahina ma hope o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hooneleia Khan o ka inoa nui, akā, ma kahi e hāʻawi i ka'āina hoʻoili o ka'āina hoʻoili o Tver. Akā, i ka mea a Kasimov Khanate? Nohoia mokuna o keia, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka poeikohoia o ka Tatar aristocracy, kū kaʻawale, mahope mai o ka 16th kenekulia i nā emi. A pau no i ka mea i i lawe mai i ka hana o ka Muslim pio o Rusia ia ekolu hapaha, a me ka Ivan VI ua hou ike i loko o ke aupuni, ma muli pōkiʻi keiki a Ulu-Mohammed, nui ka manaʻolana 'ia.

Kingdom i loko o ka Time o ka pilikia

A hiki i ka noho aliʻi i loko o Rusia, hoao e hopu i ka wahaheʻe Dmitry II, ma Mescherskaya lepo rula Khan Kazakhʻana Uraz-Mohammed. Ua haawi aku la ia i ka fiefdom i ka 1600. Boris Godunov ia ia iho. I ka wā i loko o Rusia nastupiliSmutnye manawa, Khan hoʻokomo akula i loko o "Tushino aihue" o ka keia alii. Uraz-Mohammed neʻe i Tushino. No keia hana ke alii Vasiliy Shuysky hoʻopilikia kapikala Kasimov Khanate. Ke hoʻopunipuni Ua haʻakoi e holo, a a lailaʻikeʻia i loko o Kaluga. Soon Kazakh Khan i koe na palena o ko lakou aina hooilina, a me ka mea mua i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka Polish ke aliʻi, a laila, hele akula i Kaluga, e noho ma ke alo o Sigismund III. Ke keiki a ke alii o Kasimov aupuni i ia manawa i kekahi i loko o Kaluga. A ma hope o ka manawa o ka mamo Uraz-Mohammed la wahaheʻe Dmitry II, a Khan manao e kumakaia ia ia. E like me ka hopena, Tushino aihue lured Uraz-Mohammed e imi aku, a laila, make iho la ia. Akā, koke ka ia hopena hiki mai ana io i ka hoʻopunipuni, ka mea e make ma ka lima o ka Nogai Prince Peter Urusova.

Meschera i loko o ka 17th kenekulia

Ma ka hapa mua o ka 17th kenekulia i ka noho aliʻi ma Kasimov Araslan Aleevich, ka mea mua i mālama ai i loko o ka Apana militia warlord, a kauoha mai i ke Tartar koa ma luna o ka Vologda River. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana, Moscow ua lilo increasingly, keakea e ia ma ka na mea o ka Khanate. hoomaka koke Lūkini kiaaina ke alii e hoopau i hoopaapaa ma waena o ka poeikohoia o ka Tatar alii ko lakou. Maikaʻi ma mua o tandem (Kasimov Khanate a me Rusia) i ka noho alii ana o Mikhail Romanov ua aneane hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka i obsolete.

Akā, he mea pono e 'aloʻahia ia a na 20s o ka 17th kenekulia ka Tatars hoomau iho la oia i ke komo' Imi ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Muscovite mō'ī i loko o koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku ei ka Lithuanians, auamo, a me ka "Russian Likhodeev". A laila, ka mea i malama i ka palena o Rusia, mai ka make māinoino o ka hoouka ma ka Crimean Tatars. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Meshchersky Araslana aina Aleevicha hele aku i loko o kana oihana'ōpiopio keiki Seyid-Burhan. Naʻe, i ka luna o ka 'elele o ka Siberianʻana i ka palena haʻahaʻa. Kasimov Khanate, nona ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka mea huli mai e ia i loko o ka lima o ka Moscow State lilo kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu hoopiha i ka Lūkini waihonakala. Akā, He nīnūnē lula i 'ae' e kamaʻilio me ka na poe kuai a me nāʻelele. E like me he kanaka makua, Seid-Burhan aponoia Orthodoxy lilo Basil Araslanovichem. Kasimov ia i noho alii kiaaina, nae ka mea e hilinaʻi ma ka mea uuku. Seid-Burhan make i ka 1679.

napoo ana o ka aupuni

Ka hope luna o ka'āina i lilo i Meshcherskys Fatima Suletana (wahine o Khan Araslana Aleevicha). I ka waena-elemakule, oia ua ma luna o ka noho aliʻi wale nō 2 makahiki, a me ua olelo kona governorship. Kona He kokekau wale hoʻonele o ke ola. Ke kumu no ka pepehi kanaka, ua i ke aliʻi i makemake e hoohuli i Orthodoxy.

Kasimov Khanate, nana ?? eoi? Ma hope o ka make ana o Fatima Suletana hope i hele mai ma lalo o ka mana o ka Moscow aliʻi, oki iho la ia nei i ka 1681. A laila, Meshcherskys aina kipa Tsar Peter I, ka mea i 'ae' ia i kona "poteshniku" -'āhua Balakirev - ". Kasinovskim Khan" i kapaia o Ma hope, Empress Ana I haawi Kasimov i ka mālama 'ana i kekahi o kona mau hoa.

Ka laau Kasimov pinepine ae la oia hihia o ke ahi, i loli ai kuhikuhi i ka mōʻaukala nānā aku o ke kulanakauhale. Wale i ka hopena o 18th kenekulia ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka hoomaikai i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone I. Gagina pohaku. Hoikehonua, Kasimov, Aia i loko o ka Ryazan'āina, mea he wahi o ka lehulehu o nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mai nā mea a pau ma luna o Rusia.