Ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Poland. Mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokomo

Poland a e ninoaaeyao he koʻikoʻiʻoihana ma luna o ka palapala kālai'āina, e like me ka wa mamua kona aoao maʻEulopa mea ua hiki hou nui. ʻO kēia Aupuni Lepupalika o Poland i ka hopena o ka lōʻihi, a arduous evolutionary ala mai medieval aupuni i kekahi aupuni moku'āina i loko o ka hui oʻEulopa.

Nā kêia kanaka o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu: ku okoa ana a me ka kuokoa

I ka moolelo o Poland hoʻomaka hoʻi i loko o ka umi o ke kenekulia., I ka mua Polish alii ma ka inoa o Mieszko maliu Karistiano. Hoʻokahi haneri makahiki ma hope o ka moku'āina i loaa i ke kūlana o ke aupuni ma ka Pope, a ua kakau inoa ia me ka Lituania na'lii elima haneri hui ana, a hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo ma lalo o ka inoa o Rzeczpospolita, i mea he i carbon kope o ka Roma 'ōlelo a me ka translates like ", he pono ole ke kumu." Kēia wahi mea loa nui no ka hoʻomaopopo i ka hope mōʻaukala o Poland.

I loko nō o ka mea i Poland ua formally he aupuni mō'ī,ʻaʻohe absolutism ma laila i loa mamua, a me kekahi hoao no ka hoʻohāiki 'i ke ku okoa ana o ka hoʻokiwikā heluna ua pilikia ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai.

Aupuni Act a me ka kaua e ku e tycoons

Ka umikumamawalu kenekulia huli mai no ke aupuni mea i ka easiest - a 'aneʻi me ka na pilikia a me tensions me nā hoalauna. Naʻe, ka mea, ua laila i ke Kumukanawai mua o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Poland i ua hookama, a komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei ma lalo o ka inoa o "aupuni Kanawai". Ma ka ikaika pono, i ka moku'āina i ole i kekahi republican 'ano o ke aupuni, akā, ma Europe ka mea, ua ka mua ka hoao ana e codify i ke kumu kānāwai.

He He oiaio hoʻokahuli aupuni Initiative huli mai ia e ka haohao ana i ka hoalauna, i triggered i ke kaua me ka Russian aupuni a pau, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i ka nascent aupuni a ka lehulehu.

Domestically, pū, i nā mea a pau, ua hauʻoli i ka mea hou kānāwai a me ka, pu, hoomaka ae la ka Polish magnates ke kaua e ku ei ko lakou mau aupuni, a me ka Sejm - i ka papa kuhikuhiE Luna kino o ka aina, i halawai noke i ka manawa no, ekolu haneri makahiki.

Free Poland. Aupuni a me Repubalika

Oiaio republican loina i ua enshrined i loko o ka moku'āina Kumukanawai ma hope o ka liberation mai Lūkini rula wale - i ka 1919. Ma hope o ka RussianʻOiʻenehana, ka hapanui o na aina o ke aupuni a loaa kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana. Free Repubalika o Poland i ka hopena o ke Kuahaua o ke Kuokoa a me ka hookamaia ana o ka ai-kapaia Little Kumukanawai e hoʻokau i ka lāʻau kū o Head o State, akā, ikaika kaupalena 'ia i kona mana.

Mau makahiki ma hope, i aponoia i ka hou kumu o kānāwai. E like me ia i Kumukanawai, i hāʻawi mai i ka Sejm me ka nui mana, akā, me ka hooko ikaika i hanaʻia e ka Peresidena o ka Repubalika o Poland.

Communist wā. A hou milestone i loko o ka ulu ana o Polish kānāwai

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ka Lepupalika o Poland hina ma lalo o ka aoao ikaika o ka Soviet Union. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa, a ua lilo he kumukānāwai hou, i kākauʻia, ma ka a me ka nui, me Stalin. ʻOiai ua palapala a me ka ho'āpono mai, i ka hoʻokumu paʻa kanaka pono kīvila, e hoopaa iho la i ka pono i ka waiwai lewa o ka artisans a me kauwa, akā, me ka piha i kēia mau pono hiki ole e hoʻomaopopo. Ma ka mea hookahi kumukānāwai eliminated ka hana kuʻuna kaawale ana o ka mana no Poland ma na lala, a me ka mana a pau, a me ka pono, e olelo aku ma ka inoa o na kanaka i koe ma hope ma ke Seimas.

A hou manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Poland hoʻomaka ma hope o ka liquidation o ka Soviet Union, a me ka Warsaw Pact. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, i kaʻai apono i ke kumukānāwai hou, e ke kākau ma muli ma luna o nā mea a pau kaumaha a me ka 'ole-ole i hala.

I ka mea hou kumu o kānāwai hiki ole i ka hao, hoʻomāinoino ', a me ka pono i ka manao pono e hiki mua. No hoi ia i hai aku i ka inviolability o ka hale a me ka palapala, a me ka hua'ōlelo o kēia? Acaeoey 'ana i kūpono a me ka ho'āʻo' ana o kekahi mau Hawaii, e hoʻoponopono ai i nā mea a pau-mai hoʻomakākiu mai o kona poe kanaka, Ua maopopo loa nui.

I ka 2004, Poland hope i loaʻa i kekahi o kona nui pahu hopu, a hui i ka Europa Union, aua mai la, eia nae, he hapa kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana. Tradition o ka paio no ka kuokoa, hoʻoikaika ihola nā loea kālai'āina wary o acee? Iuo oeiia o ka ahahui, a uniona kālepa. Paha keia mea ke kumu o ka Lepupalika o Poland mea i wikiwiki e komo i loko o ka holo au i ka Europa kālā, a akahele i malama kona zloty, i mea na mea o ka uku i loko o kona mau mokuna no kekahi mau kenekulia.