Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula: kumumanao o nā hana a me nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula i kekahi o ka mea nui kūpono 'ana o ke Kaiʻula Army ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka Nui Patriotic War. Ua Ua paʻa i loko o hoʻohalahala ana. E like me ka hopena o ka hoʻokō 'ole' ana o ka hana i pale ole pilikia o ka Soviet Army a me Moana, a i mea e hiki ai e pale hewa i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. Up i ka Ally pae aku i uka ma ka Noremana Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula i kekahi o ka loa pīhoihoi.

prehistory

Crimea noho ana, hoomaka ae la i ka 1941. Ma ke kakahiaka Akuma ka, ka Wehrmacht hoopio kokoke i ka anai ?? eoi? O ka Ukrainian SSR. Ma hope o ka haule ana Kiev manaʻo i nā nalo. Like i loko o ka "ipuhao" ua he nui hapa o efficient poe koa o ka pau alo. Ua hoomaka ae la e auhee aku i ka hikina. Ma September, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hoi au ma ka hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke Crimea. Ke ano nui o ka Peninsula me ka maopopo loa ma na aoao elua. Mua, ka mea, ua hoakaka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka hapanui loa o ka Black Sea. No ka mea, o ka mea fluctuating Tureke. A, ka mea i kākoʻo 'ia ma ka Apana Reich, akā, i ke kaua i ole komo.

Peninsula no hoi i ka maikai ea kumu. Ua ua me ia, lele Soviet Bombers, i i noi KUMUMANAʻO NUI ea pepehi iho at ia ma luna o ka Lomānia aila punawai. No laila, ma September 26 ka Wehrmacht hele aku la ma ke kūpono 'ma ka Isthmus. Emi iho malalo o ka mahina ma hope o ka Peninsula Ua aneane loa pio. hele Soviet poʻe hao wale ma Taman. Aia ua wale nō Sevastopol, kona'ōlohe wiwo pale ua nō e hele ana ma luna o. I keia manawa, i ke kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula i hānau i loko o Stavka.

aʻo

E like me ka hopena o withdrawal mai ka Crimea, ka mea wale nō wahi i ka ia'ku o Sevastopol. City paa i ka'ōlohe wiwo iho, hoʻowahāwahā i ka piha blockage o ka honua, a me wale i ka hapa lako hou ma ke kai. Ua lawe nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia he mau makani ino mai ai, akā, hoao iho la e hoʻokuʻikahi, ka mea, a pau. No laila, i ka luna o Army Group Manstein ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka pua. E hoopuni i ka nui agglomeration i kokoke a pau i ke kaua. Ma ka ia Kerch waʻapā kokua wale i kekahi mahele o ka Wehrmacht.

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula hoʻomohala e General Kozlov. No kona hoʻi i nā pūʻali koaʻelua i komo. I loko o elua pule, alakaʻiʻia General Kozlov hoʻomohala hiki pae alanui. Ma muli o ka nele o ke koe nō, mai ka'Ilana palena o ka poe koa a pau Mamao aku. Ua koho ke kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula hope ma December 26. Ke kuka komo ai i ka i ka wā hoʻokahi lāʻau a hiki i Feodosia a me ka pilikia. Soviet poʻe hao wale, ua e kipaku aku i ka ke Kelemānia a mai o ke kūlanakauhale, a laila, hoopuni ae i na holoʻokoʻaʻenemi pae. Kauoha akuʻoe i manao i ka poe ola, ka lanakila, mai i kia kokoke Sevastopol i ka papa kuhikuhiE Kelemānia koa. Ma ka ia Kerch mea uhi wale heʻuʻuku pā kaua o kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kekahi mau Lomānia poe koa. Kela manawa, i ia manawa ma ka Staff ike Lomānia hui i loa ka poe i ka papakaukau kaua, a hiki ole lawe aku ma luna o ka lōʻihi malu.

Inā holomua, ka Army Red makemake e hiki, e luku aku i ka enemi Hoʻohui 'ia i loko o ka wahi o ka Peninsula. Kēia makemake ae unhindered e hele i ka hou 'ana ma luna o ke kai me ka Taman. Ma hope o ia, ai ka poʻe hao wale Soviet hiki koke neʻe i ke komohana, a ku i ka hope o ka poʻe hao wale Kelemānia, iā Sevastopol. E like me hāpaiʻia Kozlov, ma hope o ka hou-puka o ke kulanakauhale, ke hoʻoili i ka nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'i loko o ka Crimea.

mua hahau

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula i loko o 1941-1942, hoomaka ae la ka iwakalua-ono o Dekemaba. "Support" i ka pahuna ihe mua i pepehi. He ole wale lolo i ka enemi koa, akā, mea lealea, i kona noonoo ana, mai ka pahuhopu nui - Feodosiya. Me ke kākoʻo o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua malu aku la i ke kahakai. Ma hope o ka mea kaua barrage hoomaka pae. Landing i wahi ma ka paʻakikī loa ana. Ke kahakai uaʻAʻole e pono no ka wahi moku a me na moku. Nō hoʻi,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ka hoʻomaka 'ana shelling e hele mai ana. Nolaila, koa i e lele i loko o ka wai, i ka wa i hohonu mea lawa paha kana e hele ai. I mea anu December lā ka Army Red he'ā'ī-hohonu i loko o ka wai icy. E like me ka hopena, he nui ola poho ma muli o ke hypothermia. Akā, ma hope o kekahi mau lā o ka mahana hāʻule nui, a me ka pilikia froze. No laila, i ke koena o ka 51-ko koa i ka hoʻokikina ma ka hau kāinoa mua.

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula 1941-1942 ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhi o ka iwakalua-aiwa i ka helu. Lua 'pae ma Kerch, Feodosia pae ma e wahi ana i ka awa. pae ma ka uka o ka'āina i nā koa a me nā koke holo i loko o ke kaua. I wale i ka lā mua au e hoʻokele ma kahi o 40 tausani kanaka e lele i loko o nāʻaoʻao. German koa kulanakauhale, he ekolu tausani kanaka. Lākou ia'ku ua hiki ke uhi i ka pauʻana o ka lā. Ma hope o kau akula ma Feodosia ma luna o ka Nazis hooweliweli piha encirclement. Ma Kerch ma kahi e paʻa wale kekahi mahele o ka Kelemānia a me ka Lomānia kuahiwi ao ao.

lakou hee hope ana

At GHQ aneane koke aoia o nā hualoaʻa i lawe mai ai no ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula. Na koa o na aoao elua ma ka Kerch ua kaiʻewaʻewa. Soviet poʻe hao wale, he mau manawa ma luna ma mua o ka Kelemānia ma ka helu. Nolaila, General av Sponeck ua hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka i ke emi hope a hiki i ke komohana. Mea, hoomaka ae la e paani nei. Nazis aku la lakou i ka pakele e pili ana i pae poe koa elua. Naʻe, i ka luna o ka Crimean alo Manstein pāpā kekahi hee. He makaʻu i ka hihia o ka withdrawal o Soviet poʻe hao wale e e hiki ke hopu i me ke Kelemānia, a Lomania poe koa, a luku aku ia lakou.

Mea i ka manao, a me ka Soviet alakaʻi. I ka make ana o ka Kerch ka pā kaua e alakai i ka shortage o Kelemānia koa. ke alanui a hiki i Sevastopol i wehe i ka Red Army. Naʻe, i ka poʻe hao wale i i mua hikiwawe loa. Ma kahi o ka poe ola, Ua Hopu a hiki i ke komohana, i ke kanaha-ha o ka poe koa hoʻoneʻe i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Kerch, e halawai pu me ka poe koa he kanalima-mua. Kēia kali hou ae na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, e loaa i kekahi foothold i loko o ka laina hou o ka pale ma ke Sivash. Aia ua hukiʻia me ke koe a me nā mea kaua kaumaha. Ma Pelelina, koke hoomaka ae la e pane like koke i aoia i hoomaka ai kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula. Ke kahua 1 ae Soviet e hoopae ia, e loaa i ka foothold ma luna o ka mokuna. Naʻe, i ka loa loa hapa ua e hiki mai ana.

paakiki kulana

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Feodosia a Kerch Red Army huahelu, he'āina hooweliweli. O ke kumu ho kuhikuhi i ka loa ana o ka awa. Ice wai, haahaa ka mahana hopena a me nā hewa moku'āina o ke ola ana o na kanaka. Ma ka bridgehead uaʻaʻole he hookahi haukapila. No laila, i kaʻeha koa i e hilinai aku maluna o mua-kokua lapaau. Ka mea, i laila ia i ka Kerch, a ma laila, ma ke kai a hiki i ka pelapela. Seriously poino ole mau, ua hiki ke lanakila ma luna ia o ka lōʻihi alanui.

No hoi, ka mea, ua i hiki ke hookupaa nui ae i ka waʻapā no ka mea, o ka mea a eia i ho'āhewa wale ma Kelemānia mokulele. Ua i haawiia pale kālā ma ka manawa. No laila, ma ka mea o ka mokulele i i halawai ole ia'ku. E like me ka hopena, keia seriously loli nui moku kaua.

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula: 2nd ke kahua

Emi iho malalo o ka hebedoma Red Army retook ka holoʻokoʻa kahakai. Fascist ia'ku Ua uhi pū koke lawa. Aie i ka maopopo 'ana ma ka Lomānia loa, ka Wehrmacht komo lākou hoa o ka limahana o ka Kelemānia luna. Ka hoomalu ana i ua hooikaika mau ana i ka Sivash hookoe infantry regiment. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhi ana o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i ka Railroad, nā mea hoʻomākaukau i ka 11th Army o ka Wehrmacht. Lālau aʻela ia i loko o ka nui o ka nawaliwali o ka Nazi poʻe hao wale, kumu pili he Alihikaua Nui la kauoha koke hoouka ma ke Komohana. E like me ka manao, ua Kozlov e hele i ka hope o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia iā Sevastopol, a lanakila ia. Ma hope o ia, ka mea i? Oaony e hoʻomaka kekahi nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'a me ka hiki ke wehe a pau Crimea. Naʻe, i ka luna ano pihoihoi mai lōʻihi. He manaoio aku ia ia no nele i ka waiwai, e hina. Seeminglyʻana Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula Soviet poʻe hao wale i lawe mai awaawa kuhi hewa. Nazis counterattacked.

ʻO kēia mahina, he kanaha-kumamalua ua hoʻomākaukau i kekahi hou nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono '. E kokua ka mea, ua, ua kanu hou hale ma Sudak. Ma ke kai, a me ka hau, hele aku la a me ka ammunition replenishment. Eia naʻe, kekahi o ka maikai pūkaua o ka Apana Reich lanakila Kozlov. I ka hapalua like-January, anapu koke ka Nazis hemo aku lākou kūpono '. Ke kumu nui loa iho la kekahi ma ka poorly paa mua laina ma ka huina o na poe kaua elua. lāʻekolu ma hope, i ka ke Kelemānia a hele mai i kā lākou mua kulana. Ma ka pau ana o ka umikumamawalu Ianuari haule Theodosius. Recently kanu ma Sudak Troopers i kekahi,ʻAʻole eʻole e kū'ē'ē mai. No ka mea, aneane elua pule o ka Army Red kaua heroically a kokoke i piha ikaika ua haawi i ko lakou ola i loko o ke kaua. ukana moku me ka lako i lukuia. Ma hope iho o ka lilo ana o ka hookahi awa o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale ke kapa wale nō i loko o Kerch ma o ka hau.

E hoomakaukau no kekahi hoouka

Ma hope iho o kēia kauoha hanaia i loko o ka kaʻawale mua o Crimean. Ua ninoieo ec ia? Ueony i loko o ka poʻe koa, Peninsula, a hou pili 'o Randy. Ma ka'Ilana mokuna i wehe kanaha-hiku o ka Army koa. , E kauoha aku waʻapā he nui nui o ka lako a pan. No, e olelo oe, ua hoouna mai i ke kupaianaha Komisina. Ua hoomaka hoomakaukau no ke kūpono '. Ua Ua hoʻopaʻa 'ia no ka hope o Feberuari. Ke AIM ua enemi ikaika ma Sevastopol, ma ka mea, ua hoʻololi i ke kaua o ke Kerch Peninsula, e luku ia, a. Crimean Frontʻoi loa mea kaua regiments, a kaumaha poʻina nalu i ka pau o ka malama.

Iwakalua February hiku o ka kūpono 'hoomaka. Ke manao ua i ka noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE loa i loko o Kerch. Eia naʻe, i hooki i na manao ma ka nana ana. Ke thaw hoomaka, a ninini iho la i ka ua loku. Slush, lepo hooki kūpono 'kaumaha hana. Poʻina nalu, o ka oi aku kaumaha, mai e mālama i me ka infantry. E like me ka hopena, ua hiki ke pale aku i ka hoouka ana o ka Red Army na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Wale kekahi kaiaulu o ka mua ua hiki ke hemo mai ma ke kūlana pale laina. I ku i ka hae o ka Lomānia kaua. Aka hoi, i ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua nele i hoʻomōhala i ka loiloi mua pomaikai. Manstein ike i Hoʻoweliweli 'o ia e uhai i ke kala o ka Red Army i loko o ka pūhaka o kona poe koa. No ia mea, hoouna mai la na me ke koe hope, e hoopaa i ka laina, a me ka ia i hopena. Hoomau iho la lakou kaumaha kaua a hiki i ke kolu o Maraki. Akā, seriously neʻe aku i mua a me ka nele.

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula Crimean alo ka kaua hoomau ma ka hapalua like-March. Ewalu infantry moku, kākoʻoʻia nā pahu brigades, a hemo ka kūpono '. I ka Ia manawa o ka hoʻopilikia Sevastopol hahau malina Army. Akā, i ka anaʻe i i loaa i kā lākou ia. Kēia kanaka Kelemānia noonoo ma umi ho'āhewa wale no ka lā. Akā, me ka Nazis 'pale i ole kahu ai i ka uhai mai. Kekahi mau hui i loaa kekahi pomaikai, akā, hiki ole ke hoopaa i ka oihana. Ma hope o ia, i ke alo stabilized a me ka nui o ke kaua i ua hoʻemi.

Kelemānia kūpono '

Ma ka hope o Maraki Soviet koa nalowale hoʻokahi haneri he umi tausani kanaka hope o nā hoʻomaka ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula. hoomaka ae la ke kolu o ka pae a me ka Kelemānia hoouka. Aʻu i manaʻo mea pono a me ka lōʻihi. E like me ka hopena, ka mua protrusion hanaia e hoʻokuʻikahi, hoouka Red Army (ai-kapa piʻo) i loko o ka wahi ma ka mahele Lomānia i paopao. Ke kumu nui koa o ka Soviet koa i kia 'aneʻi. Oiai ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka pale i papa wale ekolu.

Manstein Hoʻoholo ihola ia e kaʻoihana kaʻa, ma ko ka mea ma ka hema. No keia hopena, i hoʻouna nui kilo i ka Crimea. Panzer Māhele, haku o ka hoʻokahi haneri a me kanawalu kaa hiki aku i ka outskirts o Sevastopol. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hana i ka hoʻokolokolo pono 'ana, a loaʻa ka nawaliwali ma ka hoomalu ana o ke Soviet hao wale. E kokua i ka lokoʻino a kūpono ', ua manao ka Nazis e hoʻohana i ka mokulele. E hana i kēia, ma ka kino kauoha o Hitler, ua hoouna ia Air mau pūʻali o ka Peninsula. Nō hoʻi, hōʻea maila ka mokulele mai Romania. Naʻe, na pailota o na kaa, he wale nō kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

Soviet koa, uaʻoi aku ma kahi kokoke i ke alo. Kēia ke hoole i na hoike o ia mau hanana. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ka mea, ua ka inept kauoha Mehlis Kozlov, a alakai aku i ka hope pōʻino. Ma kahi o ka waiho ana i ka mahele ana i ka hope, kahi a lakou i shelling mai ciia, ka mea e mau kipakuʻia aku ai lākou.

ona e make

Ke kūpono 'hoomaka ae la i ka hiku o Mei. Land hoouka mua aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe hooukaia mai ka mua reconnoitered pale. E like me ka hopena, i ka Soviet koa i ae mai ka pōʻino i loko o nā hana. ka ke keʻena luna o kekahi o nā kaua i ua lukuia. E like me ka hopena, i ka olelo i hooholoia i Colonel Kotov.

I kekahi lā, i lilo ai i ka kūpono 'infantry. Me ke kākoʻo mai o kaumaha poʻina nalu i kēia kanaka Kelemānia wāwahi ma ke alo i loko o ka hohonu o ka ehiku kilomika. Koke hopena ole e noonoo i loko o kēia wahi. Nō hoʻi ma ka hope o ka Red Army hao wale pae. Kona helu, ua uuku, akā, he mea haohao hoouka mai ke kai, kena ae la panic ma na kahua o ka Soviet koa. By May, i ka iwa o ka Manstein komo aku i loko o ke kaua hoʻokahi hou kona papa. ʻO kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele i ka hope, mai hemo mai ma ke alo, a Wāwahi kokoke i ka anai hema pūʻulu. Koke ma hope mea, hoomaka ae la ka Wehrmacht e mai ana i loko o ke kūkulu'ākau, hoʻoweliweli, e hahau i ka pūhaka o na koa o ka Crimean alo i koe.

lawe au i ka mooolelo o ka nalu p kulana, i ka po, i ka hapaʻumi o Mei he mea he malū kamaʻilio ma waena o Stalin a me Kozlov. Ua Ua manao e haalele i ka laina hou o ka pale. Akā, haʻalele ma hope o ka German ea kaua leaderless koa kūpono i hiki ole. Ua hahau A hou loa i loko o ke ala o ka Cimmerian kumu, i i ua ia i ke kūlana o ka laina hou o ka pale. Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula Soviet hao wale pilikia. Kanu a me ka German ea hoao kokua mai i ka hope, mai hemo mai ma ka mea e malu ai. I kaʻumikumamāhā o Mei ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ke piʻoloke o ka Red Army mai ka Crimea. Ma hope o ka lā hoʻokahi, me ka makani ino mai ai kēia kanaka Kelemānia Kerch. Poe koa kūlanakauhale, kaua a ka mea, ua mai o ammunition, ma hope a na defenders o ke kulanakauhale i hele ai i loko o ka quarry.

Ke Kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula: hualoaʻa

Pae ana ma Kerch mua i lawe mai ai i ka pomaikai. hou kaʻe ua hanaʻia, he mea hiki no i kekahi o ka mea mua nui-unahiʻole, i ho'āhewa wale. Naʻe, i ka inept kauoha o ka poʻe hao wale i alakai i ka lono kaumaha hopena. Ma wale i kekahi mau mahina o ke kaumaha kaua, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele i hoopaa ole wale i ke kulana, akā, no hoi, e hele ma ke kūpono '. E like me ka hopena, i ka Wehrmacht hahau i ka strategically manao-mai 'olohani, i alakai aku ai i ka make, i pau ai ke kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula. Pokole kaua i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka diaries o Kozlov a me Manstein.

I loko nō o ka ole o ka hana, ka mea, ua he harbinger manawa lanakila kūpono 'ma ka Peninsula i loko o ke kanaha-ha.

Ka lua o ka hoouka

makahiki Two ma hope o ka lono kaumaha pio pae hou poʻe hao wale i loko o ka Kerch awa. Ka makahiki 1944 i ka makahiki o ka liberation o Crimea. I ka hoʻolala i ka hoouka i ke kauoha Peninsula, e noonoo i na mea kiko'ī o ka hana mua. Azov'auwaʻa i hoʻoili ai e hoopakele hao wale. Troopers i kekahi foothold no ka hou nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono '.

he nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'i hoʻomākaukau i keia manawa. No ia mea, pepehi mai nāʻaoʻao. Ka iwakalua-lua o Ianuari he umikumamalima tausani Red Army ma luna o ka moku, a hele aku i Kerch. E uhi i ka n ieaie? Ana, hoomaka ae la ka Soviet mea kaua papakaukau shelling o ke kahakai. Ke ahi nui i ua kena ae la,ʻaʻole ma ke awa pae wahi e disorient i ka enemi. Nō hoʻi, he mau waapa i Mohai o ka awa.

Kokoke i ka po, he iwakalua-lua o Ianuari, e hana i kekahi awa pae ma ke awa o Kerch. Makahiki 1944 la ua wahi kokoke like anu me 42 minuke, no laila, na nā ole incur i nui ka pōʻino mai hypothermia. Koke ma hope o ka pae ana o paratroopers holo i loko o ke kaua, a ua i holomua loa ai kākou. Ua Ua pio he nui hapa o ke kulanakauhale. Eia naʻe, ma laila hele mai ka mea'ē aʻeʻaoʻao o ka poe koa, ua hikiʻole i ka uhai ma ka Kelemānia pale aku ia lakou. No laila, na paratroopers i, e wāwahi i ko lākou iho. Iloko o ke kaua, kekahi o na battalions e hoʻokele i paʻa 170 Kelemānia koa. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, incurring nui ka pōʻino, Marine wawahi i hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka pili ana i ka hoʻokikina' iniha, kapuaʻi. I mea, ia ua ua hai hou kaua o ka Kerch Peninsula i loko o 1941-1942, wale nui aku holomua.