Ke kinoea pipeline "Blue Stream": hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

"Blue Stream" - o ka mea nui ma ka Black Sea kinoea pipeline, ma i wahie ua lako mai Rusia a hiki i Tureke. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia ka Hōlani lala o ka OOO "Gazprom" BV a Italian "Eni" a lilo iho la ia hana ana i ka 2005. Part o ka pipeline ma Turkish ?? eoi? Hoi malalo o ko kūloko ikehu poe BOTAS. Ma lalo o ka mana o ke koena o ka Russian Hui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka "Blue Stream" - e na¯ 'i ka haawi ana o Lūkini kinoea i Tureke, piliwaiwai kolu o ka aina.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

E hoomakaukau ai no ka papahana o ke kinoea pipeline hoomaka i ka 1997. Ma December, Rusia a me Tureke pūlima i intergovernmental aelike ma luna o ka hana o ka Hawaiian moana. I ka mea ia manawa, "Gazprom" Ua ae like ia me ka poʻe BOTAS ma kahi o iwakalua-kumamalima aelike no ka hoolako ana i wahie. Ma Pepeluali 1999, i kakauinoa i ka Memo Kākau ma waena o ka Lūkini, a me kaʻaoʻao Italia, e like me i hoʻokumu i ka Hōlani lala.

Ieoaeunoai o ka "Blue Stream" Ua lawe mai i loko o 2001-2002. Waho pauku Ua kūkuluʻia ka Italia poe Saipem, a me ka Lūkini aina - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" hoomaka i ka hana i loko o Pepeluali 2003. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia i ke kaua ma waena o Rusia a me Tureke ma luna o ke kumu kuai o ka wahie i ka kūhelu pukaʻana i o ke kinoea metering noaioee Darusu hala wale September 17, 2005. Ua Ua hele e Russian Peresidena Vladimir Putin, ke Kuhina Nui kahuna o Tureke a me Italy.

Kōmike 'ano o ke kinoea pipeline

"Blue Stream" hoomaka ae la e hana i piha nona iho i loko o ka makahiki 2010. Kona throughput nona iho , he 16 ieeeea? Cubic mika. Ka huina pau loa o ka "Blue Stream" - 1213 kilomika. Ke Lūkini hapa hoʻomaka Izobilnoye kinoea mea kanu e hiki mai ana i Stavropol a me na welau ma ka Krasnodar māhele 'āina. Nui loa hoike no Tureke - 444 ei. Ua hoʻohana 'ia ka lokomaikaʻi heʻohe me kekahi anawaena:'āina hapa - 1400 millimeters, mauna - 12000, Guinea - 610. Ke manaʻo koikoi ihoiho 25 MPa. "Blue Stream" pipeline ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka hohonu i loko o ke ao nei. Ua holo ma luna o 2.2 kilomika ma lalo lepo ilikai.

I ka 2014, Tureke a me Rusia i ka 'aelike i hoala ana i ka' auhau o ka 3 ieeeea? Cubic mika. Kekahi, Ua lawe mai hou o ka wahie kumukūʻai.

Kaʻoihana kālā a me ka mea mua pilikia

"Blue Stream" - ia mea he loa pīhoihoi papahana. Kona maoli e ulu ai ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma 1987, ka wā Tureke hoomaka ana i ka aila mai ka USSR. Initially, o ka nui ua 0.5 ieeeea? Cubic mika, i keia mea, ua ulu i loko o 34 mau manawa. Keia hana ana - keia mea he loa pīhoihoi papahana. Pilikia hoomaka ma ke kahua mua, no laila, ka mea i hoʻomaka 'ia me ke kali hou aku; o ka makahikiʻekolu. I ka huina o na lilo o ke kūkulu o ka pipeline ua like ia 3.2 ieeeea? 'Amelika dala. He uku no ka me Kāʻeokūlani, ma ka Turkish a me ka Lūkiniʻaoʻao. I ka manao o ka hapa i waho o ka US $ 1,7 ieeeea? Ua, ua pau keia la.

Koke ma hope o ka Launch o ke kinoea pipeline, ma kaʻaoʻao Turkish olelo ana ia mea i makaukau e lawe i na mea o ka wahie. E pale ole o ka papahana, ke Russian Hui hoemiia ka uku, a manao eʻoki lako. Akā, i kēia hakakā i ole e pau i laila. I ka 2004, Vladimir Putin i e intervene, a hiki i ka emi ke kumukuai i ke kiʻekiʻe o deliveries o ka Bulgarian ala.

Ka pipeline "Blue Stream 2"

Ka papahana o ka hou alanui, i mua i manaoia i ka makahiki 2002. Russian Peresidena Vladimir Putin a Turkish Kuhina Nui Kuhina Recep Tayyip Erdogan ana no ka hana o ka lua o ka laina, a me ka palena manawa o ka? Ueony pipeline ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka loulou Samsun-Keyhen a me na lala ma South-HawaiianʻEulopa. Uaʻoi loa ma hope o ka olelo hooholo o na aina elima i hoʻomaka kūkulu o ka "Nabucco" Development o ka papahana. Naʻe, ka mea koke ia i ka'ōlelo a hoʻonui i ka papahana ma lalo o ka inoa "South Stream". Ke hou pipeline makemake hoʻohui 'ana i Pulakalia a me Rusia. Akā, e ka mea, ua paʻahau no o ka worsening o launa me Ukraine.

I ka 2009, Vladimir Putin, like Kuhina Nui lawelawe i manaoia alanui a holo laua i ka "Blue Stream" ma lalo o ka Black Sea, a hoomau iho la oia i kona hele ana mai Samsun e Keyhen. Mai lailaʻo ia ke lawe aku maoli kinoea i Suria, Puta, a me kaʻIseraʻela a hiki i Kupero. I ka lā, i kēia papahana mea wale nō i ka mea o ka lōʻihi-huahelu kuanaʻike, i kekahi o kona kūlana moʻokāki hou nae.

Maluhia i ke kaiapuni

Ieoaeunoai o ka "Blue Stream" Ua pili me ka nui-unahiʻole, i kue envayrontamentalistov. Akā, ka mea, i ole i ka nui hopena ma luna o ke kaʻina hana, e like me ka mea kūhelu ? Aneie hopena helu hōʻike i hōʻemi iki i kona detriment. ? Ieoaeunoai Ua hoomau, ka papahana Launch ua hooiaio ae ia ka mea,ʻaʻohe hoʻoponopono kumu no ka pili. Akā, i kēia mau koho i controversial, no ka mea, o na aoao a pau loa i loko o kona pili functioning. A, a pau examinations hanaʻano nui Rusia, no ka mea, i ka "Blue Stream" mea o KUMUMANAʻO NUI mea, o ka oi aku ma hope o ka exacerbation o kona launa ana me Ukraine, a paʻahau "Hawaiian kahawai". ʻOiai i loko o ka hihia o ahuwale aʻe 'ana o kaʻaoʻao Amelika makemake ole i nele i ka intervene.

ʻikena moku'āina

Ke kinoea pipeline "Blue Stream" - he papahana a e ia i ke kumu o KUMUMANAʻO NUI alu like 'ana ma waena o Rusia a me Tureke ma ka ikehu a me ka amo nāʻoihana. Na maalo laina e holo ana ma Ukraine, Moldova, Romania a me Pulakalia. Ma uka o ka halihali wahie hana ia oi pipiʻi, he ua, ua lehulehu hoopii e pili ana i ka aihue ana o kona poe Hawaii, ma ka mokuna o ka mea ana i holo.

Akā, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o functioning o ka "Blue Stream" pāhana ua i ka pilikia, a me loko o Rusia. E like nō ia ma ka ho'āʻo ma i ma ka helu mahina keʻena ma luna, i ka Italia poe i lanakila nepolagayuschimisya kona pomaikai. Keia, o ka papa, ua kena ae la pōʻino i ka moku'āina Bedroom. Poe akamai i manaʻo i loko o 2003 wale ka mea, ua like ia US $ 1 ieeeea?.

Pilikia a me ka manaʻolana 'ia

Russian mua rula komo ai i ka hana o ke kinoea pipeline ma lalo o ka Black Sea. Kekahi o ke kulekele hoʻokō 'ia e ka huakai kaapuni "Blue Stream", ua he pono e lanakila nā kānaka hoʻokūkū i transporting kinoea iʻEulopa. Ke aupuni no i pau ka kaua - o Tureke. "Blue Stream" Ua hoʻomōhala ma luna o kona mokuna, e like me ka mea e hiki mai ana papahana. Mua i loko o November 1999, Turkmenistan, Tureke, Azerbaijan a me Georgia pūlima i intergovernmental 'aelike ma māhū-Caspian ala hele. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina ma luna o kēia papahana no ka hui o ke alakai poe Genaral uila a me Royal Hōlani Shell. Akā, kū aʻela hoopaapaa, no laila, ua wehe 'ia ka hana ma waena o na aoao elua.

I ka lā, hoʻowahāwahā noʻonoʻo loi, mai ka United States, "Blue Stream" ua o KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui, a meʻEulopa ka kaukaʻi ma Lūkini kinoea mea stagnant.