Kea laa, mea kanu. Kind kea laa, mea kanu

Kea laa, - nā meaola malamaia ma ke ao nei i loko o kekahi mau wahi mahope mai o ka wā kahiko, hoʻowahāwahā i ka loli i loko o na olelo o ke ola. Ka mea, i na koena o kūpuna nā pūʻulu, i mea laha i loko o ka 'ā ina hana hoopilikia wale i hala iho nei. Ka hua'ōlelo "kea laa," ua loko mai o ka Roma reliquus, a 'o ia hoʻi "i ke koena."

Relict mea kanu a me nā holoholona i ka nui scientific nui. Ka mea, i na nā moku halihali mokulele o ka 'ike a me ka hiki ia i kekahi puu, e hōʻike e pili ana i ka' āina o bygone o ka'āina. E ka e ike i kanu meaola hoʻolaha me ke kea laa.

Kuʻe Huli kea laa, mea kanu

Ma Leeuwerikplein relict ioeo o nā mea kanu i malamaia ma ka ua māhele'āina e like me ke koena o ka hala 'ā ina hana hoopilikia wale ma iʻokoʻa nui na olelo o ke ola, mai i keia la. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka mea, Neogene (tertiary) kea laa, nā lāʻau ulu ho okumu i (chestnut, zelkova, a me kekahi mau mea e ae), he helu o evergreen laau uuku (Goryanka Colchic, laweʻia, ruscus aculeatus, rhododendron pontic listen'ōlelo.), A me ka mauu mea kanu e ulu ana i loko o Kolkhida. He He 'ano wela-puni laha' o ke kea laa, mea kanu, no laila, e mālama lākou ma ka wahi me ka mehana aniau i loko nō.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mauʻaʻei relicts i cinquefoil Marsh, ulu i loko o ka Caucasus, a me ka birch dwarf, malamaia ma CentralʻEulopa.

Phylogenetic relicts (ola fossils)

O Ke na? Ueo no i ka taxa, kokoke e pau loa ia i mea ole miliona o ka makahiki aku nei. ka mea, ua malamaia ua mau, e like me ka rula, ku i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ko lākou kaianoho koholā huahelu, mai ka nui e holumua ai nā pūʻulu. Ma phylogenetic kea laa, mea kanu nā mea i ginkgo, Metasequoia, horsetail, sciadopitys, Wollemi, Liquidambar, Welwitschia.

ginkgo

Relict laau, o kekahi o ka mea kahiko ma ka Honua. Study o ka wāwahie specimens hōʻike i Ginkgo makahiki i ole e emi malalo o 200 miliona makahiki. Ka mea,ʻikeʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Late Permian, a ma ka hapalua like Canyon uluʻia mua ma ka liʻiliʻi 15 genera Ginkgo.

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba ) - na? Ueo wale malamaia mamua aku. He He deciduous kanu no i gymnosperms. Kona kiʻekiʻe, he 40 mau mika. Laau i wehewehe aku ma ka pono-ulu aa'ōnaehana, hoʻopale i adverse ino ana, pakahi aku la ia i ka makani ikaika. Aia nō he nui i i i ka makahiki o 2,5 tausani. Nam.

No ka mea, ma waho aʻeo ka ginkgo gymnosperms waiwai tidara, a spruce, mua manaoia mākou kanu i no i ka tidara, naʻe ka mea, he nui okoa mai o ia mau mea. Eia naʻe, i ka lā, loaʻa nō nā manaʻo kōkua i ka poʻe kūpuna i ka mea kahiko Ginkgo hua Fern.

Mua ike mau ai-kapa ola fossils hiki wale nō ia i loko o Kina a me lapana. Akā, i kēia lā, i ke kanu ua mahi i loko o nā wahi ulu lāʻau, a Kāhua Ulu'lāʻau nā mahinaʻai ma North America a me ka subtropical ciia oʻEulopa.

Metasequoia

Ua pili ia i ka genus o conifers lāʻau kaʻa 'ohana. Currently, he mea wale nō ke kea laa, malamaia - gliptostrobovidnaya Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). He ākea mea kanu o keia laha 'e noho ana i loko o ka ululaau ma ka (Northern hemisphere). Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e make ma muli o ka loli o ke aniau a me ka Competition mai laulā-E haʻalele nō i laau. Ola specimens o keia laau i loaʻa i loko o 1943. Prior i ka mea, Metasequoia ua loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka fossils wale, a ua manaoia ole.

I ka lā, mea i ka malamaia mau kea laa, mea kanu ma ka hihiu wale i loko o ka'āina o Sichuan a me Hubei (Central China) a e komo i loko o ka International Red Book, no ka mea, ua ma luna o ka verge o ka ia'na.

Mahalo i ka mea pilikia makapō hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana Metasequoia ua ulu i loko o nā mahinaʻai a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau o Central Asia, Ukraine, Crimea, ke Caucasus, e like me ia ma Canada, o ka Amerika Huipuia, a me kekahi mauʻEulopa'āina.

Liquidambar

Liquidambar (Liquidambar) e pili ana i ka genus flowering kanu Aptingievye ohana me elima? Ueo. He ākeaʻikepili kea laa, mea kanu a pau i loko o ka Tertiary wā. Ke kumu o ko lākou mau ia'na ma Europe i ka papakaukau ka hau i ka Ice Age. Ka huliau loli a ka pilina i ka nalowaleʻana o ka laha 'mai North America a me kaʻAʻole loa East.

I kēia lā Liquidambar, he pono ole i loko o North America,ʻEulopa a me Asia.

He loa nui deciduous laau i ulu mai ai i 25-40 mika, me ka palmate-lobed lau a me ka meaʻuʻuku pua, hoakoakoa ae la ma globular inflorescence. Ke hua mai i ka woody helehelena poho, ma loko a ma laila mea he iiiaanoaa o na anoano.

equisetum

Mau kea laa, - mea he kanu genus o vascular malamaia ma ka nui loa a me ka helu ana i keia manawa ma kahi o 30? Ueo. Allʻano likeʻole i kēia manawa e ulu ana perennial mauʻu wanawana. Ke kiʻekiʻe ke ulu i mau mika. Ka nui laha 'o ke kanaka nunui horsetail (Equisetum giganteum). A hiki i ke anawaena o ka kumu,ʻaʻole e oi aku mamua o 0,03 ka m, e hiki ke kau i kā mākou kiekie o 12 mau mika. Ka Uluwehi o ke kanaka nunui horsetail i loko o Chile, Mexico, Peru a me Cuba. Ma kekahi ulu, a me ka loa ikaika loa palapala - Schaffner horsetail (Equisetum schaffneri). Ma ke kiekie o ka 2 m + anawaena o 10 knm.

Anei i horsetails wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe oolea, ua i hoakaka ia ma ke alo o ka silica i. Mea kanu no hoi i ka ikaika ulu aa me ka adventitious aa ma ka aka wahi ma i nā loa hoʻopale i na adverse aʻe, a hiki i ola i ka wildfire. Horsetails e hui ma loa 'âinapuni, wale Australia a me ka mea wale nō Antarctica.

Wollemi

Pine relict laau poe i ka wale ano - Wollemi hanohano (Wollémia nóbilis). Ka mea, o kekahi o ka mea kahiko mea kanu. Ua ulu hoʻi i loko o ka Canyon wā. I ka mea kanu Ua manaʻo e e loa iaʻi no ka lōʻihi manawa. Naʻe, i ka 1994, i ike ia e kekahi o na limahana o ka Wollemi o ka National Park o Australia ma David Noble, i loko o kona hanohano, a i ka inoa o ike ia (nobilis - "hanohano"). Ua Ua loaʻa aneane he okoa relict ulu. Makahiki o na laau kahiko loaʻa Ua allegedly oi ma mua o 1000 makahiki.

Wollemi laau mea he kiʻekiʻe. Pela, e hiki e mai ia 35-40 mika. Foliage kanu i loa'ālike lau Agatis Canyon, ma laila nō ma kahi o 150 miliona makahiki aku nei, a uaʻaʻa lākou kupuna wāwahie Wollemi mai ka pō Canyon wā.

sciadopitys

Aia He hoʻokahi wale nō palapala - sciadopitys whorled (Sciadopitys verticillata). Ma ka 'ā ina hana hoopilikia wale i hala, i kēiaʻano o ka laau ua he nui hohola. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma ka mea i ko lakou poe i koe i loaa i loko o ka Cretaceous ma Iapana, Greenland, Norway, Yakutia, i loko o nā Urals.

Ma keia wahi i loko o maoli ana sciadopitys ka mea ulu wale nō ma luna o kekahi mau mokupuni ma Japan, kahi ia i mālama i ke kiekie o ka 500-1000 m + luna o kaʻilikai ma ka humid kuahiwi nahele, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka haahaa, i loko o ke keʻena gorges i loko o nā kiʻi oʻAseterota.

Sciadopitys - evergreen laau i ka pyramidal lei. Ua hiki ke ulu i ke kiekie o ka 40 m + kumu nui i loko o anapuni -. To 4 mika. Wehewehe aku ma ka ulu loa lohi. Ka laau ua pinepine kapaia ka "mamalu tidara" no ka mea, o ka mea kū hoʻokahi 'ole o na paipu. Kona flattened kuikele me ka awelika loa mai i 0,15 m, whorls wahahee hana a me ka palahalaha ae ma ke kaʻawale sideways, me he mea i loko o ka mamalu mau huila.

Sciadopitys hua i ka'ololaha cone, oo ana wā i mea mau makahiki.

Mai sciadopitys paha e ka lōʻihi manawa e ulu ma ka ipu, ka mea, ua pinepine ia i loko o ornamental horticulture like i loko o a me ka hoʻomehana honua mea kanu. E like me ka pāka moʻomeheu wahahee ma Europe, mai ka 19th kenekulia.

Welwitschia

Welwitschia kupaianaha (Welwítschia mirábilis) - ka wale extant? Ueo. Kekahi o na lala ekolu o ka mua, aole i lehulehu papa gnetalians i ana i keia la. kona inoa Welwitschia kupaianaha ka mea, loaa no ka mea, o kona hana helehelena.

Ke kanu Aʻole i makemake i kekahi mea ma luna o ka weuweu paha ma luna o ka laau ooi a me ka laau. He He mānoanoa kumu, 15-50 knm nei iluna ma luna o ka lepo ili honua. Ke koena hapa o ka mea, ua hūnāʻia ma lalo o ka honua. A pela relict lau hiki 2 mika ka laula, a me 6 mau mika ma ka lōʻihi. Ka makahiki o kekahi specimens ma luna o 2000 makahiki.

Welwitschia mea he locus o ka hema-komohana hapa o Aferika, oia hoi kahi pohaku Namib waonahele, ua aia ma ka 'Akelanika' kahakai. Ke kanu Ua loa pohihihi keia, e 'imi aku ma mua o 100 mau mika, mai ke kahakai. Keia mea, no ka mea, o ia ka mamao hiki lanakila i ka ohu i no ka Welwitschia mea i kumu o ke ola-ka haawi ana i ka wai.