Ke'ano o ka lysosome, ka hanana a me ka hana o nā organelles

I ka mea i manaoia e hana mākou i au mamuli e noonoo organelles aeee kapa lysosomes. 'O ke'ano a me nā'oihana kā mākou mau nīnau nui. E nānā aku ho'i kākou i ke kiko o ke kamepiula. Mai kēia'atikala hiki iā'oe ke'ike i nā ma'i e hiki ke hana inā hana'ia ka hana o kēia'ōpili.

E like me ka ho'omaopopo'ana, nā lysosomes kekahi hapa o nā pūnaewele. Akā na'e,'a'ole i'ike'ia nā mea'ē a'e. E no'ono'o i ka li'ili'i o ko lākou nui, no ka mea,'a'ole hiki ke'ike maka'ia me ka maka maka. E no'ono'o i kāna hana e ho'ohana i kahi'ōlaihana kūikawā i kapa'ia he microscope. E a'o e pili ana i kēia manawa.

'Ole a me nā mea ola

ʻOiai ke noonoo i loko o keia 'atikala, mea lysosomes' ole a me ka papa, ia mea mea nui e ike a me ka 'ē aʻe aeea eiiiiiaiou. E ho'omaka me kēia, he wahi pae papahana kēia. Mai kahi o ka pūnaewele, pa'a ka hana a me ka ho'ohui'ana.

Hiki ke ho'oka'awale'ia nā huila a pau i'ekolu mau pū'ulu:

• 'Elua mau membrane;
• Ka membrane kū ho'okahi;
• 'A'ole ka membrane.

'O ka hui mua e komo ana i nā palapala, nucleus a me mitochondria. I ka lua - EPS, lysosomes, mea lako Golgi, vacuoles. I ke kolu - ribosomes a me ke kikowaena pūnaewele.

Pono nā pūpona pūnaewele no ka hana pono o ka'ōnaehana holo'oko'a. 'O ke'ano o ke organelle e pili ana i kāna hana.

Lysosomes

E nānā'ia ka ho'olālā a me nā hana o kēia huila ma hope iki, a ma kēia manawa, e kama'ilio iki ana mākou e pili ana i nā'ano a me nā kumuhana.

'O kēia nā māhele ikaika o ka pūnaewele. Ma luna, ua uhi'ia i kahi membrane, ma loko e like me nā enzymes (aia he 60 paha o lākou a pau). Paipai mākou e heluhelu i kahi papa inoa.

• Kālekana;
• Ho'opilikia;
• Nā Lipases;
• 'O Phosphatase a pēlā aku.

Hiki ke ho'oka'awale'ia nā lysosomes i nā papa'elua:

• Kekahi;
• Kauālua.

I kēia hihia, hiki i ka mea mua ke ne'e i ka papa hou. E nānā mākou i kēia hana i kahi manawa iki. Ke hā'awi nei mākou i ho'okahi mahele hou o nā lysosomes:

• Palekana;
• 'O Autophagosome;
• 'O ka Multiveicular corpuscles;
• Nā kino ola.

Kūlana

'O nā lysosomes nona ka ho'olālā a me nā'oihana a mākou i mana'o ai ma kēia hō'ike he'ano li'ili'i loa (0.2 μm). Mahalo i kēia ma loko o ke kele, hiki iā lākou ke nui loa. Ma ka pauku hope loa ua hā'awi mākou i ka ho'ohuihui'ana,'ānō e ho'ākāka'ia ka pehea i hana'ia ai.

He mea nui ke'ike e pili ana nā lysosomes mua i nā huila i hiki'ole ke hana i kā lākou hana pololei (ka hō'omi'ana i nā lā'au ma o ka hydrolysis). 'Ai wale i ka hopu'ana i nā pūnaewele e pono'ole ai no ke kele, lilo lākou i mau lua o ka papa a ho'omaka e'eli i nā mea i komo i loko. Ho'okumu'ia ka vabeole heterophagic ma ka fusion'ana o kahi phagosome a me kahi punahele mua. 'O ka autophagosome he huila i ho'ohui'ia e ka hui'ana o ka lysosome mua a me ka moemoeka.

Nā hana

Nānā iki mākou i nā hi'ohi'ona o ka hale o ka lysosome, i kēia manawa e hiki iā mākou ke hele i nā hana i hana'ia e kēia hui. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke ho'omaopopo i kēia mau mea:

• Ho'oma'i i loko o intracellular;
• Autolysis;
• 'O Autophagy.

I kēia manawa, ke'ōlelo nei mākou e nānā pono iā lākou a pau. Hele mākou i ka nīnau hou.

'Ie'ia

'O kekahi o nā hi'ohi'ona o ka ho'ohālike'ana o ka lysosome e'ae i ka organelle e hana i ka digestion intracellular. No ka mea,'a'ole e hiki ke noho i kahi pūnaewele wale nō me he'ōpoki pa'akikī, pono e ho'okō i nā hana nui a pau. I kŰia hana, pili nń lysosomes i ka me nń digestive vacuoles.

Ua'ōlelo mua mākou he nui ka nui o nā enzymes i loko o ka lysosome. Inā ho'okomo kekahi pū, e ho'opau i kēia mea i nā mea nui loa i komo i ka membrane. Eia hou, ua komo kēia mau pūnaewele i nā hana like'ē a'e.

Autolysis

Ua'ōlelo mua mākou i ka hana'ana o ka hanu i nā lysosomes. He mea nui no hoi ke ike e hiki i na lysosomes ke pepehi i ke kelepoko a pau.

Hiki ke hā'ule iho ka membrane lahilahi o kēia mau'ano, a e ho'oku'u'ia nā enzymes. Inā hiki kēia i nā lysosomes o ka pūnaewele, e make ia. 'O ke ka'ina hana he autolysis. Hiki iā mākou ke hō'ike i ka hi'ohi'ona ma'amau o kahi pahu. 'O ka nalowale'ana o ka huelo o ke kēne e hiki mai ana he hi'ohi'ona maika'i loa ia o ka autolysis. Ma hea kahi waiwai e waiwai ai ma hope o ka luku'ia'ana o ke ke'ena? 'A'ole lākou e nalowale me ka'ike'ole'ia, akā, ua lohi'ia e nā "hoalauna".

'O Autophagy

Eia kekahi, lysosomes e hana i kahi hana i kapa'ia "autophagy." 'O nā mea a pau a'oi aku paha i ka wā kahiko, e ho'opau ana e ho'okō i kāna mau hana. Inā'oe e nānā i ke kele, hiki ke ho'ololi i kekahi mau mea'ele'ele. Pehea e hiki ai kēia? Ho'opili'ia nā mea ho'ohui i nā lysosomes a ho'opili'ia i nā pūhui kaumaha li'ili'i ma lalo o ka hana o nā enzymes. A ma ko lākou wahi e hele hou. 'O nā mea a pau i koe ma hope o ka hana'ana o ka autophagy e koi'ia no ka ho'opa'a'ana o ka pūnaewele i nā'oko'a pūnaewele hou.

Maanei, ke'ōlelo nei mākou'elua mau'ano autophagy: micro-macroautophagy. I ka manawa pinepine, ua mālama'ia kēia hana i loko o kahi pilikia (e like me ka ho'oha'aha'a nui, a me ka ikaika ikaika'ole).

'O nā ma'i

Ua nānā mākou i ke kūkulu'ia'ana o nā lysosomes, kā lākou mau hana a me ke'ano, akā i kekahi manawa ua'ike'ia nā hopena i loa'a i kā lākou hana. A laila hā'ule kekahi kanaka i ka ma'i. Ke mana'o nei mākou no ka ma'i e like me Gaucher ma'i. Ma waho a'e o kēia ma'i, aia he 50 mau ma'i'ē a'e e pili ana i ka ho'opau i ka hana o nā lysosomes.

No laila, Gaucher ka maʻi i ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua i loko o 1882 Filippom Goshe, i loko o kona hanohano a me ka inoa o ka maʻi pale. 'O kēia ka ma'i ma'amau loa me nā hana palupalu o kēia mau'ano. 'O ka nele o kahi glucocerebrosidase enzyme. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke loa'a ka hopena maika'i ma kekahi mau'ano, e like me:

• 'O ka manu;
• Kuhi;
• Kino;
• 'O Lun Lun;
• 'O ka lolo.

Ma muli o ke ko'iko'i o ka pilikia, hiki ke ho'ōla'ia ka ma'i o Gaucher. I kēia manawa, ho'oponopono'o ia i nā lā'au like'ole e kāko'o i ke ola o kekahi.