Kuekene Koroleva Kristina: Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Kawaihae no Queen Kristina o Kuekene (1626-1689), ka mea i alii iho la oia i ka aina, mai 1644 a hiki i 1654 makahiki, i hala aku, a koe kekahi o ka loa kamailio e pili ana i loko o mākou lā. He nui wā a me nā moʻolelo kukulu ia i like ka hana me he alii, aloha e na kanaka, ka mea, aole ia i waiho aku i kona ola ma luna o ke kuahu o ka lehulehu mea.

Koroleva Kristina Kuekene - kekahi o na wahine o kona ola i ua ike i ke ākea kaiapili ana o kanaka, a me ka pili ana i ka mea'ē aʻe,ʻaʻole nō he kiko'ī ikepili. E like me ka hopena - he nui kūʻiʻo o kona Kawaihae kuai ke koho, a me ka lono.

I ka hanau ana o ka wā e hiki mai Queen

Ua hanau i ka wā e hiki mai Koroleva Kristina Kuekene December 18, 1626 (New Style). Iho la na makua i ka Emperor Gustav Ii Adolf a me Brandenburg Princess Maria Eleonora, i hāpai keiki o nā mea a pau me na hoailona, a laila,ʻike kauka kuhikuhi i ka hanau ana o kana keiki - i ka wā e hiki mai ka hooilina i ka noho aliʻi. Like me me ka kekahi leo, i aku la na mea he nui ka pomaikai-kilokilo a me ka poe kilokilo, hoʻokomo i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo.

Hiki koke ma hope o courtiers hanau ana, no ka mea, i ke keiki keiki, i aku la ia ia ma ke keiki. Eia hoʻomaka ka mea mua a me ka discrepancies i loko o kona Kawaihae o Kristina. E like me ia i kekahi mau kumu, ua i aie i ka mea i ke keiki ua nui loa ka hopena. 'Ē aʻe kuhikuhi i unusually leo nui i ka leo, i ka i ike i ka hoailona o ka unusually ikaika keiki ka ola. Ekolu kumu hōʻike 'ana i ua hānauʻia ke keiki me ka puu o ka lauoho, a ua i ka hoohalike ana i loko o ke aloha o ke kāne. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, akā, King Gustav Ua haiia mai e pili ana i ka hanau ana o ka hooilina i ke keiki, i moe ai o ia me ke aliʻi wahine.

I ka wa i lilo loa i ka maoli ke keka o ke keiki, ke alii cautiously aku la ia ma hope o nā mea a pau i ke kaikamahine i hanau. Akā, hoʻowahāwahā a pau i ka makaʻu, ka mō'ī i ke kūkala nūhou lokomaikaʻi mai, a me ka wā aʻu i ike mua i ke kaikamahine, i mai la ia koke iholaʻo ia i i hanau hoopunipuni mai ka holoʻokoʻa alo alii, laila, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ka mea, ua koi 'ia, e kali no na mea nui.

Ka mua makahiki o ke ola

Kuekene Koroleva Kristina, Kawaihae i hoomaka ai extravagant, ua i ke kaikamahine a kekahi o ka loa hoʻonaʻauao mō'ī o kona manawa. He hoala mai ai i ke keiki e like me kona manao ma mea e ia i ka maoli luna. Ka mea, ua i kona hakahaka a hiki i ka noho aliʻi Gustaf ike, mea, a hai aku la i kona mau alii ahaolelo, a me kanaka, - ina mea e ole i kane hooilina, e lilo ia i aliʻi wahine Kristina. Na Swedes hoohiki ia, laulea, ka wā Kristina i wale hoʻokahi makahiki.

Ka loiloi mua hoʻonaʻauao hana kino Gustav, a Queen Maria Eleonora, a ua nui ke kali keiki, ua wale oi hauʻoli. Eia hahai i ke Kawaihae o ka maopopo 'ikeia. E like me ke keiki, Koroleva Kristina Kuekene loaa mau nā palapū, ma muli o ia i kekahi poʻohiwi uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe, a hele i hōʻike i kekahi' limp.

E like me ia i kekahi mau kumu, keia i ka hewa o ka Moiwahine, ka mea i ua hoʻonānā pono i ke keiki ua nō i hana i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kaikamahine alii ... kekahi mana mai nei i kēia ka pilina i ka makua kāne iā ia iho, ka mea i paʻa Kristina mea mau me ia, akā,ʻaʻole loa ia i uku maliu i ana a me kahi i ke keiki ke hāʻule, kūpono ma nā nā palapū noho maiʻaʻa aku, a haʻalele i ka hoailona no ke ola.

Wā kamaliʻi a me nā haʻawina o ka Queen

History pinepine oia no he ulia pakalaki - mamo paha,ʻaʻole i keia inoa, e like me Queen Kristina o Kuekene. Kawaihae kaikamahine mua i ka ho'āʻo 'ana e ma hope o ka make ana o kona makuakane - ma ka makahiki 1832 Gustav make i loko o kekahi o nā kaua o ka makahiki he kanakolu' War, a i haawi i ka moku'āina he kane hooilina. Queen Maria Eleonora i ole hoihoi i ka lehulehu pili, ai ka Kuekene Senate ua hoʻoholo like makemake e hana i ka makemake o ko Kristina ka makua kāne a me ka kaikamahine hoopaa i ke poo o ka moku'āina, aliʻi ana ma mua o ka waiwai nui e e kahu aupuni Graf Aksel Oksinshtern. E like me ka mentor, oia ua no Kristina kumu hoohalike i loko o nā mea a pau, hana i ka hailona no ka opiopio Queen loaa hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka pono.

He pono ke kaikamahine a kona makua kāne, ka mea uuku hoʻoilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi no ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi ke kahaha wā ma ka nanea ana me ka i ia mea, e loaʻa hou ike. Na 'ōlelo, no,' epekema a me ka mōʻaukala - a pau i haawiia mai i ke kaikamahine wale. Ua i loko o nā makahiki 12 oia ke ekemu aku i ke ahi'ōlelo i loko o he Roma, a me na sciences maoli i hana mai ai me ia ia ia iho Rene Dekart, ka poe i olelo mai la ia i ka Kuekene Koroleva Kristina - me kona mau mea maikai haumāna, a ua noho pū me ia a hiki i kona make ana.

Ua lilo i ka make ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema nui na lono. Ka oihana mana o ia mea, make iho la ia o ka pneumonia no ka mea, o ka mea kalakala'ākau aniau, akā, he mea speculation mea āna iʻapu kōheoheo, e like me kekahi courtiers makaʻu i kona aoao i ka hou aliʻi wahine.

Ke ano o ke alii

E kiʻi na hiohiona wā hohonu ike o ka'ōlelo'ē, mōʻaukala, kālai'āina, pono ka haumāna i loko o ke aʻo i kekahi lehulehu, hoolaa ana a me ka oiaio, ke aloha i ke kaʻina hana o ka hou mea aʻo. O kēia mau ano a pau Kristina nui, akā, 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka maikaʻi loa naʻau, he kaikamahine i lawe mai i loko o kekahi, a kanu na hanauna iwi kuamoo o ke alii koko, he pilikia pokole o ka ike maopopo a me ka pololei, e hana e like me kona ike he pono. Makua i kapa ia wale i "ke alii" (ma kahi o "The Queen"). A lohe ke kaikamahine la i, laila, e hoʻololi ia koke ka hoʻoholo 'ke e wale i loa ikaika hihia.

A nui manaʻo ma luna o ke kahua o Christine honua i ka ike a me ka Kawaihae o Elizabeth I - Queen o 'Enelani a me Irelani i loko o nā makahiki 1558-1603, a ua he haipule o nā mea noʻeau, a me sciences, a ua hoomanao iho la ma kona hoʻoholo' ole i ka ukana ia lakou iho me ka hoohiki ana, a me ka mea a ka mea, ua me na kanaka. E like me ka ike maopopo, aole kekahi i ike, akā, kauoha aku, o ka Moiwahine i ole ua mare, a ua haʻalele ma hope o nā keiki.

Kahu aupuni o Kuekene, Oksishtern kaiapili mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau ai no ka piʻiʻana Kristina ma luna o ka noho aliʻi, pü ana me ia ma lehulehu kumuhana apau loa. Ka loa wā e hiki mai Queen hōʻike he kilo hoihoi i loko o kēia mau helu, a ma luna o kona palapala, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, o ka hilo ua, ua maikaʻi-iā Kalani lawa i loko o ka makahiki o ka umikumamalua.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o

E like ma mua o ka poni o Koroleva Kristina Kuekene 'Imi komo i loko o ke ola ana o ka moku'āina. Mahalo i ka kekahi nā mea hiki, ua me ka 16 makahiki o kona ae ana i ka Senate ke anaina kanaka, kahi ia pinepine i hua mai la i ka furor kana mau olelo, he manao la noʻu, a ike ma na aina e, a wahi luluʻikepili.

A hiki i ka 1644, he 18, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i mua o ka olelo poni, e i e kali i kekahi mau oi makahiki, i ka Senate wahi na kanaka o ka loio i elemakule Kristina, a me iaʻo facto i ka hooponopono aliʻi o ke aupuni.

I ka hele ana mai e ka mana kokoke i ole hoʻololi i ka papahana, a ua hahai ma hope Koroleva Kristina Kuekene - hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo mai ke ola, meticulously helu i loko o ka memoirs o wā, olelo, no ka laʻana, i kona ala mai ma ka 5 am a pinepine koi i ka ia, mai kona kumu - Rene Dekarta. Ua maheleia Personal manawa ma waena o ka lehulehu a me ka mea hou ka hoʻoponopono-kūpono 'ana, a me nā aliʻi wahine'ōpiopio pinepine mai i hoʻolohe i ka aha-elele. Eia hou, ua pinepine ua hoʻokomoʻia nā kānaka mau kapa, manao ia oi hōʻoluʻolu. Artists ke pena i kekahi kapa, akā, inā na paparazzi ola i ka manawa i ike ai oia i ka Kuekene Koroleva Kristina, he Hawaii photo hiki pono paʻa ma luna o kona kapa komo ka inika mau kohu, a ua ai no ke aliʻi commonplace.

Hoole ana o ka mare

Ma hope mai o ka makahiki, ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka untimely make ana o Gustav, ka Senate hāpai 'ia i kona aliʻi, e mare, e haawi aku i ka moku'āina i ka hooilina. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i keia mea i kekahi o na hana o ka lālā hope o ka nohoaliʻiʻana o Vasa, ka mea i Kristina, Queen o Kuekene. Ke 17th kenekulia i ka makeʻe kulana ma keia mea, akā, ma muli naʻe o na mea a pau, e like me kona kiʻi, Elizabeth I, Kristina kūkala ia ia i makemake ole loa e mare, a i na keiki. Keia olelo hooholo i hele mai me ka kŰia a pau ma luna o Kuekene - mai maka'āinana i ke aliʻi,ʻaʻole koe ana i ka hoolilo ana o ka mana i loko o ka "hewa" lima. Ae ho'āʻo ana e hoʻololi i ka manao o ka Queen - ka Riksdag i imi i kona suitors,ʻo ia i kūpono i haalele ai. ua manao kekahi o nā 'aoʻao ma luna i ka ia a pau hemolele - he hoahānau o ka Queen ka Carl-Gustav, no hoi, i ka luna i hana (o ka papa, i ehiku, e like me kona Kristina, akā,ʻekolu'ōlelo'ē, uaʻike nō), maikai-nana, a haule iho la ia i loko o ke aloha me Christine ma hope o kā lākou mau halawai . I ka hopena, nae, ua no ka ia - e haʻalele i ke aliʻi wahine, hoole i ka mare, akā, i kaumaha aku ai, e lawe i ka lilo i ka hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma hope ona.

Ke aloha Carl-Gustav, ka mea ma ia manawa ua 27 o kona mau makahiki, i hoole ai, i ka i ana ia ia, aole ia e pono i ka Kuekene lei aliʻi, a me ka lima o kona alii wahine.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana

E hoohuli i ka Haku mai ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka mare, a Koi ikaika, a me ka Riksdag, Cristina e hoouna Karl-Gustav ma Germany, kahi āna i hoʻohala ai i ka 3 makahiki i luna o ka Kuekene hao wale. E like me ka mea huli mai, i ka lōʻihi kaawale i ole ia ma luna o kona mau manaʻo - ka luna i ole hope ilalo, a hoomau iho la oia i koi ia ma ka ahaaina. The Queen, no kona hapa, kekahi i ole hoʻololi i ka manao - a ia i hele mai i ka succession - koke iho la ua i loko o ka palapala Senate i i kohoia Carl-Gustav hope a hiki i ka noho aliʻi.

Hihia lakou a pau i loko o ko lākou mau naʻau, i ka luna haʻalele i ke alo, hele aku la i ka mokupuni o Öland, a i olelo mai ai, e kali i koʻu hoahānau,ʻaʻole e hoʻololi i kona e pili ana ia mea. Mākou i ke kali loa o ka lōʻihi manawa, e like me ka Kuekene Koroleva Kristina no ia,ʻaʻole i manaʻo o - mua, ka mea, i ke kemu ma ka hoomakaukau ana no ka poni (paʻa i ka 1650), a laila, na nā keiki aliʻi wahine i.

Ke kuwaho o Cristina kuhikuhi ia ma ka hopena o ke Kaua i nā makahiki he kanakolu ', a pepehi i kona makua kāne. Ma keia manao, ka mea i lawe i ka diametrically e ku pono ana i ka mahalo i kona mentor Earl Oksishternu kulana, ka poe i manaoio aku i ka mau nō lā hoʻi o hostilities pono Kuekene. Kue ia ia, i ke aliʻi wahine, e hoouna i ka German maluhia Ahaolelo kona 'elele, a ua kakauinoa i ka maluhia Kuikahi. Ma keia hihia, kakaolelo a me ka wā e hoʻomaopopo i kona kūlana he unusually maikaʻi no Kuekene - ole ia ia noho E kuai oukou panalāʻau (West Pomerania, Bremen, Verden, City o Wismar), i loko o ka maluhia Kuikahi i palapala e loaa i indemnity i loko o ka nui o ka 5 miliona talers.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka hooponopono ana o ka oihana koa ana, Kristina ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka moʻomeheu - ina mea hele mai i ke gula manawa no Artists.

Ka hoole ana o ka noho aliʻi

I ka 1654 ua kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi hanana - June 6 ma ka halawai o ka Riksdag, ka Kuekene Koroleva Kristina olelo ia Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou abdication. Ua olelo ia aole makemake ole e alakaʻi i ka moku'āina no ke ola a me ka embarks ma luna o ka hele ana e ike mamao aina, a ma kona wahi, e like me ka manaʻo, haʻalele i ke alii i ka hoahanau, Karl Gustav.

I hiki i na mea a pau i olelo ia ua oiaio, a me kēia manawa, ua hiki wale koho, akā,ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe hoike paipai i ole na mea a pau i ai i laumania, e like me ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka kūhelu mana. hope a hiki i ka nohoalii i "hoonohoia" lōʻihi ma mua o ka abdication, ma ka hou, suspiciously koke poni o ka hou alii i paʻa (Carl-Gustaf Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia ia Korol Karlom X) - ka mea i paʻa i loko o ka ia lā, e like me ka hou o ko Christine ka oihana.

A pau i kēia paipai i ka Riksdag i puʻe i ke aliʻi wahine, ho'āʻo ana e puʻe wale mai ia e kiʻi i mareia, a hanau i ka hooilina, akā, ma na buke, pelekikena o ka wahine a me ka makuwahine Cristina kokoke panic käpae 'a pau kona ola. Ua hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i kekahi manawa, i kau bluntly ka ninau - e mare a ke hookuu aku oia i ka noho aliʻi, no laila, Kristina i loaʻa i ke kolu o koho, no ka mea, ma hope o ka ahaaina mare mai, Carl makemake nō lilo ke aliʻi, aʻo ia me ia i huli i ka wahine a me kona makuwahine. I ka mea ia manawa, ina i ole e holopono ana mai me ke keiki, a laila huli hanana a pau ma luna o nā kānaka a pau ... By ke ala, i kekahi mea i 'ano like hiki - ke hou ke alii, ma ka naʻe o kona "aloha" no Kristina, nae ka hooilina a hiki i ka aina kokoke koke, a me ka hapanui importantly - ma ka manawa, no ka mea, aʻu i lālau i ka anu, a make iho la ma hope o 5 makahiki. Hou, i ke keiki i ke alii (e eha), a mai a hiki i ka makahiki o ka hapa nui ma ka mea o ka aina ua luna ma ka Riksdag.

A hou ke ola wale aku no

Italy i ka mea mua'āina, kahi āna i noho ma hope o ka abdication o ka manawa mua Kuekene Koroleva Kristina. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi o kona Kawaihae ua i ka pau ana o ka mana 'ole, a me ka hou ke ola i ka eccentric lede hoʻomaka' ia me ka hoʻololi i ka Hui manaoio (e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka oihana o ka manawa, ka mea, ua he nui ko Salisbury mau hanana ma mua o ka holo ana i Italia iho luna o ka lio, a hōʻaʻahu ihola iā like me ka ke kanaka). Mahalo i ka mea hou hoomana, Kristina (ma ke ala, ma hope o ka hou bapetizo ana, ua loaa i ka inoa o Augate,) ma Italy ua pono oluolu ka Pope ia ia iho, akā,ʻo ka mea ma hope o ka manawa "noi" ia mai o ka aina, e like me ka mea mua aliʻi wahine, ua lilo ike me ka fanatical nihilist - ola ana, ka nānāʻole me kekahi o na rula au i kūkulu i ka Roma, e ku e ia ia.

I kekahi aupuni, kahi i hoouna Kristina, France ua mau wehewehe aku kolohe noho pono ana. Eia, i ka mua Queen ua hoi uku me ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ai kela ano keia ano - pinepine loli o ka ipo, kokoke ano laulea a me nā wāhine, a me ka pepehi kanaka (akā,ʻaʻole me kona mau lima, a ma hope o ka pau). Naʻe, a me ka mea hope, e like me ka manawa a moakaka ia mau mea - a hiki i loko o ia mau lā, i ka mua aliʻi wahine, i kekahi kuleana i kekahi 'aha hoʻokolokolo hoopai a me ka kala ana o kona mau makaainana, no laila, na mea a pau i ua hoʻonohonoho like me ka mākaʻi o ka olelo (e loaʻa kekahi hōʻike i i lawe mai kekahi hoʻokolokolo' ana). Akā, i ka mea koe - ka Makuisa o Monaldeschi, e like me ka lono, i ka mua launa kino mamua o Christine, hou ae la oia me ka pahikaua, a me ka hoi hou ana i Italia.

Ke ho'āʻo nei e • loaʻa hou i ka noho aliʻi, a me ka hope makahiki

I ka 1660, make iho la oia i ka hope i ka mua aliʻi wahine - Charles X, e waiho ma hope o ke keiki ke keiki. Hou, e hiki manaʻo e pili ana i na kumu no ka hōʻole o Kristina, mai ka noho aliʻi, ma hope o ka lohe ana i ka lono, mai ko lakou aina, e hele koke mai i kona'āina, kahi koi e hoʻi i kona noho aliʻi. Akā, me ka Riksdag hoole, no ka Kristina Augusta ka manawa kekahi hoomana, a me ka hoʻoilina o Kuekene ka manawa, a no laila, ua (like me ka mea kahiko aliʻi wahine o ka pukana meaʻaʻole paha ia e hooholo).

Ma hope o ka pāpāʻana o ka Senate makahiki hope o ke kahiko Queen Kristina o Kuekene (1626-1689) i wahi ma Italy, a he mālie. He mai a hiki i ka pau ana o kona mau lā,ʻo ia patronized hoʻokani pila, haku mele a me nā Artists. Kristina make Augustus April 19, 1689, a ua kekahi o na wahine ekolu kanu ia ma Roma ka St. Petero ka Basilica.