Ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o aeee: ano, 'ole, kuleana pili i

Animal keena, mea kanu a me nā fungi komo o ekolu papa kuhikuhiE māhele: i ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi, nucleus a me ka cytoplasm. mai ia koʻohune oko no ka mea, aole ia i i ke nucleus, akā, ka mea no hoi i kaʻili lahilahi, a cytoplasm.

Pehea e holo ai ka cytoplasm?

Kēia mea he na hapa o ka halepaahao ma i hiki e kūlana hyaloplasm (kinowai meakino), ma luna a me nā organelles (organelle). Inclusions - he pili-a eia i ho okumu ia ma ka halepaahao, a holo nōhie ho i na droplets a me nā pōaka hope ka mahuaola. Organelles - he paʻa 'ole. E like me ke kino o ka papa kuhikuhiE ooieoeiiaeuiuo naehana i na kino, no laila, i loko o ka hīnaʻi manu a pau i ka nui mana i hanaʻia e organelles.

ʻili lahilahi a me ka 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o keena

Ka mua maheleia i odnomembrannye a me ka dvumembrannye. Wale nō ka mea hope elua - ka mea, Aloha mitochondria a me chloroplasts. By odnomembrannym nā lysosomes, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. About 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles, mākou e'ōlelo i loko o aku au mamuli o keia Haawina.

Ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o ka halepaahao 'ole

O nā ribosomes, o ka halepaahao oaio, a me ka cytoskeleton hana microtubules a me microfilaments. ¶ A i loko o keia pae hiki ke noonoo organelles ana i uluhia e hookahi-aa? Meaola, e like me ka mea kane anal keena o ka holoholona. E ka nānā i ka mea o ka ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o aeee, kā lākou 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo.

He aha mea he ribosome?

Kēia 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o aeee, a iloko o ka ribonucleoproteins. Lākou nā hale a nā mau māhele (subunits). Kekahi o ia mea he uuku kekahi - i ka nui. I koena, ka mea, ua kaawale. Ka mea, i ka wā e pili ana i ka ribosome hoʻomaka e kuleana pili i.

Me ka mea ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o aeee no kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. ʻo ia, no ka mea, o ka unuhi kaʻina - hui'amino nāʻakika ma ka polypeptide kaulahao i loko o ka kekahi mea, lāliʻi no i ua mānewanewa mai ka DNA i mRNA, a hoʻopaʻa '.

Size ribosomes He iwakalua nanometers. Ka helu o kēia mau organelles loko o ka halepaahao i hiki mai i kekahi mau umi o na tausani o ka apana.

Ma eukaryotes, ribosomes i ka hyaloplasm, a ma luna o ka ili o ka ino endoplasmic reticulum. Ka mea, i kekahi makana i loko o dvumembrannyh organelles: ka mitochondria a me chloroplasts.

cytocentrum

Kēia organelle ua haku o ka centrosome, a ua hoopuniia lakou e tsentrosferoy. Centrosome nā mau centrioles - nele i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa haku o microtubules. Tsentrosfera ninoieo no e holo ana mai ke kikowaena radially ke kelepona hele microtubules. No hoi, ka mea, ua haku o waena filaments a me microfibrils.

Cell oaio hanaʻia oihana e like me ke kahua o mitotic kālī. He mea nō hoʻi i ka piko o ka hoʻolālā o microtubules.

Me ka pili ana i ka Nine Inch 'ole o kēia organelle, ke kumu o ka waiwai o ke kumuʻiʻo tubulin.

Kēia organelle ua aia i loko o ka geometric waena o ka halepaahao, no laila ia i keia inoa.

Microfilaments a me microtubules

Ka mea mua o ka filament o ke kumuʻiʻo actin. Lākou anawaena He 6 HI.

Ke anawaena He 24 nanometer microtubules. Lākou mau pā pōhaku i kūkuluʻia o ke kumuʻiʻo tubulin.

Mau ole-ʻili lahilahi aeea organelles kuahene cytoskeleton, a kokua i ka malama i ka ikaika shape.

Kekahi microtubule kuleana pili i - amo, no ka mea, ke hele nei organelles a me ka 'ona i loko o ka halepaahao.

organelles o ka neʻe

Ka mea, eia no mau ano: cilia a me ka flagella.

Ka mea mua e i hookahi-aa? Meaola e like me ciliates kamaa.

Flagella i Chlamydomonas, e like me ka holoholona sperm.

Honua o organelles komo o ka contractile nā polokina.

ka hopena

E like me ka hopena hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka.

A nānā mākou i nā mea a pau i ka ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles o nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, a me nā fungi koʻohune, kā lākou 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo.