Laholio ikaika

Ma ke ano maoli, a pau interconnected a me ka launa pū 'noke i kekahi i kekahi. Kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao, kēlā ke keʻena, a hehee ai ua mau pale a hiki i ka pau laulā o nā koa.

I loko nō o ka mea i ka helu o ka poʻe koa ma ke ano maoli , ua lawa ka nui, a pau no ia hiki ke maheleia i eha hoailona ia mea:

1. ke ano o ka gravitational koa.

2. ke ano o ka electromagnetic a koa.

3. Oiaio o keʻano ikaika.

4. Oiaio o ka nawaliwali type.

Gravitational koa i maopopo hiki wale nō i loko o ka pālākiō o ka cosmos. electromagnetic a ano koa - na koa e ana i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o (particles) me ka kekahi pou 'āhewa' ana.

Laholio ikaika - keia mea kekahi o ka mea nui koa ma ka ano. A i kekahi kino ua malalo iho a hiki i ka deformation kaʻina hana, i ka loko o ia he mea he hana ikaika, i mea like me ka ikaika o ka deformation, akā, me ka mea ku pono hoailona. Ke resilient ikaika kauoha aku i ka deformation o ke kino. Konaʻano likeʻole nō ka tensile ikaika, i ka papakü naoh max.

Ma ke kālaikūlohea, he mea e like me ka mea i laholio deformation. Laholio deformation - ka deformation mea he kŰia ma a mea nalo hope mawaho koa hooki i ka hana. Ma hope o ia deformation kino i kona kikokikona shape. Penei, ka laholio ikaika i ka ho'ākāka 'ana i olelo mai ia ia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ke kino ma hope o ka laholio deformation mea kekahi ikehu pūʻali koa. Loaʻaʻia mana, a me ka makeʻe kulana ikaika - ka mea, o ka mana i loaʻa kona hana hiki ole e kalele iho ma luna o kona ala, akā, wale ma luna o ka ho a pau wahi o ka ikaika palapala noi. Hana makeʻe kulana a makeʻe kulana ikaika ma ka paʻa alanui o Aʻohe.

Mākou ke olelo aku i ka laholio ikaika o ka electromagnetic a ano. Kēia koa hiki ke oaeuiinoe like macroscopic hoike ana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā nā lātoma o ka waiwai a me ke kino. Ma kekahi hihia i loko i loaʻa ua kekahi compressive paha tensile kino, e hoike mai ai ia i ka laholio ikaika. Ua ua olelo ku e ia i ka poe koa, ka hana deformation i loko o kekahi olelo ku i ka pohupani hale o na (particles) o ke kino a me ka p ÷ haku i ke kino ili honua undergoing deformation. No hoi, ua ikaika maʻi lele ua kuhikuhi ia ma ke ala e hiki aku e ku pono ana i ka deformation o ke kino (pohupani hale o kona nā lātoma).

Ka i ka ho omaulia aiee o ka laholio ikaika ua loaʻa ma ka deformation i loko o ke kino, ia lŘlŘ ma Hooke ka kānāwai. E like me ia, i ka luawai poe, ua like me ka huina hoonui o ka oolea o ke kino, e hoʻololi i ke kaʻi lau waiwai o deformation o ke kino. E like me ke Hooke ka kānāwai ia lŘlŘ ka wā i kekahi deformation o ke kino a me ka waiwai laholio ikaika mea pololei hapaʻauhau i ka elongation o ke kino, a me ka mea, ua kuhikuhi ia ma ke ala e hiki aku e ku pono ana i ka olelo ma a na (particles) e hoʻoneʻe i pili i ke koena o ke kino i ka manawa o ka huna deformation.

rigidity inideka kekahi kino a me hapaʻauhau kaʻi lau waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea hoʻohana e hana i ke kino. Kekahi oolea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka geometric huliāmahi a me kinona o ke kino. Me ka mahalo i ka laholio ikaika he mea ia he mea like me ka me mechanical stress. Oia stress o ka lākiō o ka elasticity Module mana no pa alima wahi ma ka hāʻawi wahi i ka pauku ma lalo o noonoo. Inā e hui me Hooke ka kānāwai o kēia 'ano o ka stress, ka mea, e kani iki kekahi mau hua'ōlelo. Anakahi uila mechanical eʻano a ia lŘlŘ i loko o ke kino i kona deformation, ka manawa hapaʻauhau i ka elongation o ke kino. Ua pono e kaʻikaʻiʻia ma ka manaʻo i ke kanawai o ko Hooke ka kānāwai ua wale kaupalena 'ia e uuku deformations. Aia nā palena a hiki i ke kanana nei ma lalo i ke kānāwai hana. Inā ka mea, e e mamua, ka laholio ikaika he pōpilikia ma luna 'nā papakuhikuhi, nānā' ole o ko Hooke ka kānāwai.