Lituania moʻolelo pokole

mea he kupaianaha a me ka waiwai kakou kamailio ana -ʻO ka manawa pōkole mōʻaukala o Lithuania. Ke Baltic aupuni Ua ola i loko o nā guises. Ua ua he confederation o pagan ohana, ka ikaika Grand Duchy, a me ka paa hapa o ka aina Lūkini, he lâlâ 'o ka hoao ana me Poland, he'āina o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a me ka Federal Repubalika i loko o ka USSR. Ua lōʻihi a kukū ala alakai i ka muli o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia moku'āina o Lithuania.

kahiko

Primitive mōʻaukala o Lithuania, i lilo ai i loko o ka umi o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. About keia manawa ma luna o kona palena a pau o ka mua kanaka noho. Neman Valley noho i hana i ka lawaia a me ka imi mea hihiu ana.

Ma ka lua o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. ma waena o ka Western Dvina, a Vistula hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i ka moʻomeheu o nā kūpuna o ka Balticʻohana. Ka mea, ua mua bronzes. Ka hola i VI kenekulia BC. e ka. Hohola ae la oia iwaena o ka Balts hao i na mea paahana. Mahalo i ka hou hana (e like hou koʻi lipi) hōʻeleu i deforestation, a ulu ka mahiai.

Ke hoʻomaka koke i ka mua o ka Lithuanians poe Aukštaitija a me Zhmud ka poe i noho ma laila a hiki i ka Prussians a me ka yatvagami. Mau ohana, he poʻokela hiʻona. Pu ua mau mea kanu me ka lio kanaka i olelo mai ai o ke kumu kūlana o kēia mau holoholona i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'laila Balt.

Ma ka Ewa o ka muli o ka moku'āina

I waena o nā Baltic ohana Lithuanians kekahi coexisted me ka Slavs, ka mea kaua, a kuai aku me ka mea. i nā poʻe e noho lā ma nā awāwa o ka Nemunas, a me ka Neris imi wale i ka holoholona, i ka lawaiʻa a me ka mahiʻai. Ka mea, i hana ia ma beekeeping a extracted mahuahua. Products o ko lākou mau lua nāna, i kūʻai liloʻia aku kēia mau pegana ia makahiki, no ka nele i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a me ka mea kaua.

Mōʻaukala o Lithuania laila, e like me ka mōʻaukala o kekahi'ē aʻe kanaka me tribal hoahanau. Ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻomohala i ka mana o ke aliʻi (kunigasov). A he mau no hoi kahuna vaydeloty. Ma aiiia, ka Lithuanians i lawe mai i ko lakou mau akua mōhai o nā holoholona (a me kekahi manawa kanaka).

hoʻohuiʻia Lithuania

Pili aupuni pakiko-hui i Balticʻohana i loko o ka XII kenekulia, i ka wa a ka mea mua Kelemānia crusaders hoomaka ae la e hele mai ma luna o ka mokuna o ko lakou aina. Karistiano kauoha ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka oihana koa? Anoe?, Ua hoonoho i ka pahu hopu, e bapetizo aku i ka aina e. No ka mea, o ka pilikia emanating mai malihini mōʻaukala o Lithuania Ua hoʻoneʻe i kona hou ke kahua.

E like me ka palapala i kakauinoaia e ka Galicia-Volyn aliʻi me kona Baltic mau hoalauna ma ka hoʻomaka o ke XIII kenekulia, i puunaue i ko lakou aina ma waena o 21 Duke. Soon i waena o lākou e kū ana Mindaugas, ka mea i alii iho la oia ma 1238-1263 GG. He hoʻokele mua, e hoopau ai i ke hoʻononiakahi Lithuania ma lalo o kona poho mana.

Mindaugas Ua hoʻopuniʻia poe enemi. Ka wā kaua wawahi mai ma waena ona a me ka Livonian Papa, he pagan luna hoʻoholo e hoohuli i Kristiano. I ka 1251, ua bapetizoia. Ua 'ae' Mindaugas enlist i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Pope i loko o ke kaua me kekahi enemi - Daniilom Galitskim. E like me ka hopena, i ka Lithuanians luku aku i ka Slavs. Koke ma mua o ka make ana o Mindaugas kipaku aku Karistiano, ka hookamaia o i kana kamailio ana me he kalaiainaʻoihana kaʻa, a i oia i kuikahi me Aleksandrom Nevskim, kuhikuhi aku i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. I ka 1263 Mindaugas i pepehiia e kona hoa tribesmen a me Dovmont Treniota.

Na Luna Nui Duchy

Ke medieval moolelo o Lithuania Hoomau iho la lakou ma ka laina me ke kohoʻia ma ka hikina. Balta luna i ka manao dynastic mare me Rurikovich, a ua ma lalo o Slavic keiki. Mai ka hopena o ka XIII kenekulia hoʻomaka Lituania ia kenekoa ulu. I ua huiʻia (pinepine no ka naau mai) Lūkini mau poʻokela, a, oiai e ke aikane, e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Mongols, hui me kā lākou mau hoalauna.

I ka 1385 i ka luna o Lithuania Jagiello i pilikino hoao ana me Poland, a no ka mea, o keia ka mea, i koho alii o Poland. A laila, bapetizo aku la oia i kona aupuni i loko o ka Hui oihana, eia nae o ka hapanui o Russian Orthodoxy hana mau i ka hana. I ka 1392 Jogaila i kona hope ma Lithuania Vytautas. Ma muli naʻe o ko lākou kūlana, ma ka mea o ka luna koe kuokoa. I ka mea i pau ai i loko o ke kakahiaka mōʻaukala o Lithuania - ka aina ua hiki i ka oioi o kona mana.

I ka 1410 Vytautas, a me Jagiello luku aku i ka Teutonic Naita i loko o ke kaua o Grunwald, ma hope a ka naita e hou hooweliweli i ke kuokoa o ka Luna Nui Duchy. Ma ka hikina, Lithuania i hoohui ia Smolensk, a ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka ?? eoi? I wale nā Kyiv, akā, i waiho loihi ana i ka Black Sea.

Union me Poland

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Vytautas i ka 1430, Lithuania ua i nā mea ma lalo o Polish keiki increasingly. He mau aina aliʻi ma nā mō'ī o ka Jagiellonianʻana. Ua hoʻohuiʻana paha i ka waiwai o Catholicism. A puni keia manawa ua ka Hill kaulana o nā keʻa ma Lithuania. I ka moolelo o ka hanana o kekahi o na kumu Hawaii o ka aina ua i ikeia. Akā, e Ka ua hele ma no kenekulia Lithuanians kipa i kēia wahi, a kukulu iho la lakou he mau nā keʻa. E like me ke kaulana manaoio, ka mea, e lawe mai pōmaikaʻi.

I ka 1569, ma waena o Poland a me Lithuania i kakauinoa i ka Union o Lublin, ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka mokuaina. Ua mai nā kekahi mea i Jagiello. Mai laila, na aina elua na rula Monarch nana Nāna e koho i ka aristocracy (hanohano). I ka mea ia manawa, a ma Poland, a me Lithuania noho i ka waiwai o ka poe koa, a me na loio i nenoaia.

Part o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau

Like kekahi'ē aʻe Europa aupuni, ka mōʻaukala o Lithuania mea waiwai i loko o nā ka pii aku, a me ka iho ana. Ma ka XVII kenekulia, ma hope o ka manawa o ke kumupaʻa i loko o ka mokuaina ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka gradual hoole mai oia. Haule aku la lakou, mai ka aina o ka hou pāhili. he nui hapa o Ukraine i nalowale. Ke pālua mō'ī i lalo puʻe mai o nā lāhui kanaka kokoke elua - Kuekene a me Rusia. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia Rzeczpospolita i komo i loko o oia i kuikahi me Peter I ku e ka'ākau Scandinavian aupuni, a hoʻopakele iā ia, mai imminent ia kenekoa poho.

No ka Poland a me Lithuania e noho ana i loko o ka poepoe o Lūkini keiki. I ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia Polish-Lituania mokuaina i puunaueiaʻi kona aina iwaena nui hoalauna. Kona aina i hele i Prussia, Austria a me Rusia (i ka la mahope, a me ili Lithuania). Loss o ke Kuokoa, na noho o ka mokuaina ua i maona. Ma ka XIX kenekulia, ua kekahi mau Polish a Lituania aupuni uprisings. Kekahi o ia mau mea, hina iho la ma ka Patriotic Kaua o ka 1812. Aka hoi, Rusia ua hoopaa iho la i ka Western āpana, a i nā Lithuania. I ka moolelo o ka aina no na makahiki, ua paʻa e pili ana me ka Romanov aupuni a pau.

Hoihoi hou ia ana o ke Kuokoa

Me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka First World War Lithuania ua ma ka mua o kaua Germany a me Rusia. Kelemānia hao wale noho ana i ka Baltic'āina i loko o 1915. Tariba - I ka 1918, ka wā o nā Hope elua i ia wahi i loko o Rusia, i hoʻokumu i ke Aupuni Kuikawa la o ke aupuni, ke aupuni i loko o Lithuania. No kekahi mau mahina ka mea, ua hai mai ai i ke aupuni mō'ī. King Ua kukala Wilhelm av Urach. Soon, nae, o ka aina no ka mea, he repubalika.

Lituania mōʻaukala o ka 20th kenekulia i loli dramatically manawa i ka Soviet Rusia. Ka Red Army noho ana i ka ?? eoi? O ka Baltic Huipuia i loko o November 1918. Na Bolsheviks hopu Vilnius. Ua Ua hanaia e ka Lituania Soviet Repubalika, a i merged me ka Hawaiian. Akā, no ka mea, o ka mea pilikia kulana home 'ole ma o ka' ē aʻe fronts o ka Army Ula o ke Kanawai Kaua hiki i noho i loko o ka Baltics. Lithuania Ua hookuuia e kākoʻo ana i ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa. I ka 1920, i ke aupuni i kakauinoaia i 'aelike me ka RSFSR malu Kuikahi.

Interbellum

Ano, i ka hou kūʻokoʻa Lithuania, ka mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina ke hele aku ma luna o keʻano o ka aoao. Ke aupuni i loaʻa ia iho i loko o ka quandary. Vilnius Ua noho ma lalo o ka mana o ke kokoke Poland. No ka mea, o keia, ke kapikala (a me ke kino) i haiia'ku ai Eaoiana. Ka mea 'ē ma ua' ike i ke kuokoa o Lithuania i kulike ai me ke Kuikahi o Versailles.

I ka 1926, i ka Baltic aupuni pono ?? i ka oihana koa coup. Hele mai la i ka mana, i ka nationalist Antanas Smetona, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka authoritarian? Eia. No ka mea, mawaho maluhia pakaua Lithuania a me kona hoalauna (Latvia, a Estonia) ua hana oia i kuikahi o ka Baltic Entente. Mau ana mai e hoʻopale ai i ka poe liilii, Hawaii, mai aggression. I ka 1939, Nazi Kelemania hooku iho la ia i ultimatum i Lithuania, e like me a, kapa iho la i ka Apana Reich controversial Klaipeda.

World War II

Ma ka Ewa o ke Kaua Honua II, ka Soviet Union, a Nazi Germany kakauinoa i ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, e like me a ka Baltic States i hele mai i loko o ka poepoe o ka aoao o ka Soviet Union. Oiai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i naʻi ai Western 'Eulopa, i ka Kremlin hoʻolālā i ka ka piʻiʻana o Estonia, Latvia a me Lithuania. I ka 1940, a pauʻekolu nō'āina Ua hooku iho la ia i ka paakiki ultimatum e ae aku i kona ?? eoi? Soviet poʻe kaua, a me ka Communist lawe mana.

No laila, i ka mōʻaukala o Lithuania, o ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no a loa hana keaka, i hou me Rusia pili. Smetona emigrated, a ma ka aina i banned kekahi hui kālai'āina. I ke kauwela o 1940 i pau ai i ke kahua o ka Lituania SSR, a me ka mea i komo i loko o ka USSR. Na hoa o ka Soviet? Eia i hoomaau, a deported i Siberia. Mai ka 1941-1944. Lithuania, like hoʻi me manawa o ke Kaua I, ua ma lalo o Kelemāniaʻoihana.

Lituania SSR

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ke kūlana quo i ole, ua hoihoi hou ia. Lithuania i koe i loko o ka USSR. Kēia repubalika i ka mea wale nō kekahi i loko o ka Soviet Union me ka puleʻAmelika Hui heluna. Russification a me ka puʻe ma luna o ka ekalesia i makemake i ka puu o Lithuanians. Ke outbreak o ka eha ma ka naau iloko o ka makahiki 1972 i ka wa dissident Calantha Romas i wahi ma Eaoiana, ka hoʻoponopono-immolation.

Eia naʻe, kona aupuni, e hoihoi Lithuania hiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o Gorbachev ka perestroika wale. I ka makahiki 1990, o ka Aha Kukamalu o ka Lepupalika aponoia ke Kanawai ma ka aina o ka kuokoa. Ma muli o, kākoʻo o ka Soviet aupuni i hana mai i ka National ola Komite. Ma kona noi, i Lithuania lākou poʻe kaua komo i ka USSR. Ma clashes ma Vilnius ma January 1991, make iho la 15 kanaka. I kēia lā, i nā mōhai o ke kaua i manaoia Lituania aupuni meʻe.

modernity

Moscow ike i ke kuokoa o Lithuania ma hope o ka August coup. Baltic moku'āina koke 'oni iki i ke Komohana. I ka 2004, Lithuania lilo i lâlâ o ka 'Eulopa Union, a NATO, a ma ka 2015 i hoomaka ai e hoʻohana i ka Euro kālā i loko o laila.

Hoikehonua, Baltic moku'āina o ka repubalika. Ke poo o ka Hooko lala, ka pelekikena ua koho 'ia no ka manawa o elima makahiki. I kēia lā, ua oihana ua paa Dalia Grybauskaite. Lituania hale kanawai i kapaʻia i kaʻai. Ma ia 141 MP. Mp i koho ia e ka hui kahua.