Louvre Palace: mōʻaukala a me nā kiʻi

Louvre Palace (France) mea he iau, a kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena i loko o ka konu o Paris, i hanaʻia ma luna o nā kenekulia. Mua ia neo? Aaiiai? I ka papakaukau pā, hope hou i loko o ka leo hone noho aliʻi. I kēia lā, ka mea, o ka Hale nui i loko o ke ao nei me ka waiwai ohi ana o na hana o ke akamai.

hōʻikeʻano

Europe ka nui loa Mokuna hale, huli i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, ua aia ma ke kapa akau o ka Seine. No ka 800 makahiki, i ka luna 'Ua kukulu hou ia kekahi mau manawa. Ma kuhikuhipuʻuone hua'ōlelo Louvre Komo 'oihana mua o pakebona, baroque, Neo-panina, a eclectic. Kekahi hale, pili i kekahi i kekahi, me he poe lakou i ka ikaika 'ole, i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kumumanao o ka elongated rectangle. O ka papa, i kekahi o ka mea nui hoi na mea makau a Paris o ka Louvre Palace.

eiiieaena kuka nā:

• i ka papa kuhikuhiE hale, iloko olaila o ekolu pili wahi keʻena ma luna;
• lola honua waiū, i mea no ka hiki hapa o ke aniani pyramid Nāpōliona i loko o ka pā hale;
• triumphal e pio mai Carousel a me Tuileries Gardens.

Ka luna 'o nā hale a me iauae ieiuaae o ka 60 a hiki i 600 m + ² iau me ka hana o ke akamai oi ma mua o 35 000. A ao'āina hoʻoili nā pena, sculptures, Jewelry, maʻamau o mea, kuhikuhipuʻuone hehee wale, e uhi ana i ka manawa, mai ka wa kahiko a hiki i ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Mawaena o ka loa waiwai ho'āʻoʻia - stele me Hammurabi ka Code, he kiʻi kaula o Nike o Samoterake, no ka pena "Mona Lisa" ma Leonardo ka Vinci a me nā masterpieces.

i kakahiaka nui Middle Ages

Louvre Palace, i nā lā hoʻi i ka XII kenekulia, mua i malamaʻi, me he hoʻokahi wale nō kūlana pale kuleana pili i. I ka manawa o Philip Augustus II noho alii ana ma waho o Paris i kukulu tridtsatimetrovoy kūlana pale kiai - ka malama ana. Kukulu ia a puni ka mea, 10 liʻiliʻi me ka hale kiaʻi e pili ana pā pōhaku.

I mau māpuna manawa, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kamepiula mai, mai ka Koro: i kekahi manawa ke hoouka mai i ka Vikings a me na pretenders a hiki i ka nohoalii Palani, mai ia hanauna Palanatagenete, a Capetian. Eia hou, ke kuikahi me ke aliʻi o 'Enelani i ka Duchy o Noremana, aia i loko o ke kaiāulu.

Ke pā i mālama ai i patrol-kūlana pale kuleana pili i. Ke kanaka māhele o ka halekiai hiki ke ike ia ma ka'ōpao. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka exposition hoolaa i ka mōʻaukala o ka Louvre, a hai aku i ka hulikoehana no?. He hiki i ke aliʻi i hana aku i ka Susana, ma luna o nā kumu o ka kakahiaka nui kūlana pale kahua. Incidentally, i ka hua'ōlelo "Louvre" i loko o ka 'ōlelo o ka Frank o ia hoʻi, "hale kiaʻi".

hopena o Middle Ages

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ke keneturia umikumamaha ka Louvre Palace i undergone hana keaka loli. Ma ia manawa, Paris i hoomaka nunui. New kulanakauhale paia a me na kahiko Susana, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale palena i ala hou. Ke kaʻakālai nui o kūlana pale 'ole i hoʻomoe ana. Charles V Wise hoomakaukau hou i ka hale kākela i loko o ka 'elele pakaua, a hoʻoneʻe i kona ke keʻena luna.

Donjon Ua radically hou. Ke Keena Kalaiainaʻia Ua hakuloli no ka noho pono ai, ua he hale me oioi. Around quadrangle kūkulu noho, a kalepa hale o ke ki eki e. Ma luna o ka'īpuka ka papa kuhikuhiE Ku me na ia liilii leo hone turrets, a haawi i ka hana o ka kekahi hiehie.

I ka haʻahaʻa o ka pā hapa 'ia' la i ka malamaia a hiki i kēia lā. I koe iho o nā hale kūlana 'i ka hapaha o ka'ēheu hikina o ka Louvre keia. I pau - ka quadrangle puni ka huinahalike pahale.

pakebona

I ka umikumamaono kenekulia, Francis au manao e reinvent Louvre Palace. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Per Lesko i manaoia e? Aeiino? I ke kākela i loko o ke kaila o ka Palani pakebona. Hana hoomaka ae la i ka 1546, a hoomau iho la oia ma lalo o Henry II.

New hale mua i ia i kekahi mau huinahń ÿano me ka nui pahale (Chur aoi) akā, e ho'ōla hoʻololi i ka huinahalike shape. Iloko o ke ola ana o Pierre Lescot mea i kūkulu wale i ka hapa o ka komohana'ēheu ma kaʻaoʻao hema. He ka mea kahiko loa i ka malamaia na hale o keia Louvre.

Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoʻomano pili i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone panina ano, hoʻohuiʻia ia me ka mea kahiko Palani kula (kiʻekiʻe kaupaku me attics). Ka hale ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi harmonious articulation o ka mea helehelena me ekolu cii o discontinuities i loko o ka palapala o ka huinahń puka makani kainuʻu pūʻia me triangular pediments, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma pilasters a me arcades ma ka honua papahele. Mea helehelena inā he nui sculptures. Louvre Palace i ka ho i ole e emi malalo o kilakila maka. Lesko, pu me ka sculptor Jean Goujon kūkulu i ka Great Hall me ke kiʻi o Diana.

Ke anoe o ka hale käkela

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Ekateriny Medichi mea i kūkulu aʻe i ka hale aliʻi o ke Tuileries , a hoʻomohala i ka manaʻo o ka palena manawa i kona nouanoao? Louvre hale. Henry IV i ia? I ka papahana.

First Louvre Palace koena i huikalaʻia e ke kahiko laka , a hoomaka pahale. A laila, na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Jacques a me Louis Métezeau Andrue pau? Ieoaeunoai o Petite gale, a hoomaka ae la ka hana ma luna o ka nui gale (Grand Gallerie), i pili i ka Louvre, a me ka Tuileries.

Kela manawa, i keia kahua o ka luna 'e lilo i ka pulakaumaka o ka' epekema a me ka moʻomeheu. Ua neo? Aaiiai? I pai hale, he ka mineta. A laila, i loko o kekahi o na hale i aeia, e noho a hana sculptors, pena, jewelers, watchmakers, i na mea kaua'ē aʻe, carvers, weavers.

XVII kenekulia

Louvre Palace hana mau i ka ulu, a ma ka la umikumamahiku kenekulia. Louis XIII Ua lalau aku la ia i ka baton o kona mau kūpuna. Ma lalo iho ona Zhak Lemerse kūkulu o ka lānai ka hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o 1624 hola, a me ke kūkulu'ākau hale i kukulu - he kope o ka gale o Pierre Lescot.

Louis XIV, ua he nawaliwali no grandiose hana, kauoha e wāwahi i ka hale kahiko, a ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka makahiki a puni ke kahua. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau papahana ma ka ia kaila. Akā, i ka loa pīhoihoi pahuhopu i ka hana o ka hikina Colonnade.

Mai keia hapa o ka pā kaua huli i ke kulanakauhale, e hoʻoholo i ka hana i maopopo loa nui. na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuoneʻoi Europa, o ka manawa i kono. Ka loa pīhoihoi pāhana imua o ka Italia Giovanni Bernini. He manao e wāwahi i ka pā kaua, a ua kūkulu i ka hou kekahi. E manao ana paʻakikī a me ka luna 'manaopaa kukulu i ke alii mua, ua hooleia ka manaʻo. Klod Perro (kaikuaʻana haku moʻoleloʻo Sharlya Perro) nui i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, mai a kila kipaku.

Paris maka

East Colonnade iho me ka Louvre Palace. Description 173-mika no? Ieoaeunoaa kilo kaua nō i emi iho penei - o ke kiʻekiʻe loaʻano o nā manaʻo o Palani classicism. Klod Perro hoole Hoʻohaku i ka manawa o ka nunui Roma kuhikuhipuʻuone, oihana mua o ka a he hapa-kolamu a me pilasters. Ka mea, Ua UAIAaIN e hamama ea kolamu ma ka Corinthian kaila, e paʻa ana i ka mea i lalo hale (a ua i ka HOU).

Ka mea, Ua kahaha ko oukou naau i C. Perrault (nae i ka pakiko-aoia) ke haawi aku i ka nani o ka hale me ka elaborate sculptures a "nā mea hoʻonani", no laila, mahalo i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. Kona mau manaʻo kanaka nunui harmonious mea, e nana i ka papakaukau aina palaoa, lalau aku la ia ia e nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone maʻEulopa. Similar ano o na hale ma laila, a ma St. Petersburg. I ka manaʻo, e waiho i ke kolamu hui ma waena o nā puka makani, ma o ka kekahi lima, kokua, e malama i ka airiness o ka colonnade, ma ka kekahi - e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka malamalama e komo i ka lumi.

VXIII-XX kenekulia

I loko o kēia wā o ka Louvre Palace haalele i ke kūlana o ka noho aliʻi. I ka 1682 Korol Lyudovik a me kona entourage neʻe i Versailles. Ua nui na wahi maikai loa e noho paʻa hapa. A lohe o He Hoikehonua kūkulu hoomauia. E like me ka papahana Visconti hou ma luna o ka'ākau'ēheu. Fontaine a Percier - hou keʻena ma i kūkulu.

Ma ka XX kenekulia (1985-1989 makahiki), ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana IM Pei kona makemake nui i ka wiwo 'ole a me ka leo hone manao ana o ka lola honua iau. Ma keia hihia i hou manaʻo kōkua i ka Louvre lawe mai ma ke aniani pyramid ka poʻe i ka Dome o ka lola honua keʻena.

ho okumu ana i hoiliili ole

Kū hoʻokahi hoiliili ole o ka Louvre hoomaka ae la e hana mai i ka manawa o King Francis I, admirer Italian nō. He ho'ākoakoa aʻela i loko o kona aupuni noho Fontainebleau hana o ka pakebona, a laila, neʻe i ke Paris.

Ma ka halawai o Francis au he pena o Raphael, Michelangelo, ohi ana o na mea. Eia hou, i ka Mō'ī kono mai ka Apennines o ka maikaʻi Italia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, pena, jewelers, sculptors. Ka loa kaulana o kona keena hookipa, ua Leonardo ka Vinci, ka hoʻoilina o ka i hele aku i ka Louvre pena "Mona Lisa."

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka mō'ī Henry IV Louvre Palace ma Paris i ka noʻeau waena o Farani. Na Luna Nui Gallery i kēia ōlaʻi i o laila, na haku, o kona mau hana i ke kumu no ka wā e hiki mai iau. Louis XIV i aloha maikai a pau. Ma kana oihana aliʻi, heʻumikumamālima haneri pena, Palani, Flemish, Italian a me ka Hōlani Artists.

Ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ke iau a me kona loli i loko o ka lehulehu kula. Hoiliili ole o nā aliʻi, aristocrats, na ekalesia i nationalized a hui i ka iau. ua lilo Napoleonic paipai aʻo kai eʻe i kahi o ka replenishment o na kēia mau waiū. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Napoleon i hoi hou ma mua o 5000 na apana o ka pio nona kahiko, akā, he nui loa i koe i loko o ka Louvre.

I ka ho okumu ana o ka iau

26/07/1791 Constituent Ahaolelo kauoha e hoakoakoa i loko o ka hale aliʻi o ka Louvre "kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea noʻeau, a me nā sciences." No ka lehulehu e neeaaia Ua weheia ma 11/18/1793.

Ma XX kenekulia ka Louvre Palace, i ua Hawaii photo luku nani, ua undergone loli. Re lola honua gale me ke aniani pyramid i kūkulu, a ua maheleia ae la i ka iau o ka ohi. Aia he wale na hana i hana mua makahiki 1848. Hope Impressionist pena hoʻoneʻe i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Orsay a me Impressionism. O ka ho'āʻoʻia i i hanaia ma hope o 1914 i ka National Center no ia. Georges Pompidou.