Lūlū aku i nā 'oihana: kekahi mau' ano a me ka Mea Maluna

Colloidal kemika - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina i nā kiʻina hana o ka la hoomalolo, haku mele' ana, maloko 'ole, a me ka Nine Inch physical waiwai o E hele nenoai. E hele Systems - e nenoai i i haku o ka pepe (particles) (discontinuous pae) hoopuehuia ma ka Ambient (poe i hoopuehuia'ku a) meakino: kinoea, ke kinowai a me ka'ā. Ke huna nui o ka lakou hoopuehu pae (nā pōaka, droplets, Oe) oko ma ke degere o ka lakou hoopuehu, i ka nui o ka i mea pololei hapaʻauhau i ka huna nui. Eia kekahi, hoopuehuia (particles), a ua kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia nāʻano, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma aggregation o ka liʻiliʻi iā pae a me ka meakino.

E hele nenoai a me kā lākou Mea Maluna

A pau lakou hoopuehu nenoaiu o ka poe i hoopuehuia'ku a pae huna nui hiki ke hoʻolaha i loko o hakakino ion (emi mai o kekahi HI), colloid (mai kekahi i kekahi haneri nanometers), lohi (oi ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri nanometers).

Hakakino lakou hoopuehu nenoai. Kēia mau māmala'ōlelo i loko o nenoai (particles) nona ka nui ka emi mai o kekahi HI. Kēia pūʻulu nā likeʻole oiaio pāʻoihana o non-electrolytes: monakō koko, urea, ka waiʻona, sucrose.

Ke kaulia ana nenoai i wehewehe aku e ka nui (particles). Mau nā emulsions a me ka Wehe 'ia mai. E hele nenoai ma i ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE i loko o ke kinowai lakou hoopuehu meakino (pia pāʻoihana, he palolo kekahi) e haawi ia ia e like me ke kula. Emulsions - e nenoai e i hoomakaukau e hoʻohuihui mau ke kinowai, kahi i kekahi ma ke ano o ka droplets hoopuehuia ma o ka 'ē aʻe (aila, toluene, benzene ka wai a me droplets triacylglycerols (momona) i loko o ka waiū.

Colloidal lakou hoopuehu. Ka mea, colloidal huna Ana a hiki i ka 100 HI. hiki wale ia (particles) komo iloko ma ka ili o ka Kānana pepa, akā, e komo iloko ma ka ili o liluwelo membranes o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. No colloid (particles) (micelles) e electrocharge a'ūheheʻe ionicʻili lahilahi, ma i ka mea i kaulia ana no, ka mea, ua lawa ka lōʻihi manawa hiki ole precipitate. A luku ana mamuli o ka colloidal nenoai nā pāʻoihana o gelatin, albumin, nui aʻe ana Apapika, colloidal pāʻoihana o ke gula a me ke kala.

Ke degere o ka lakou hoopuehu e leie aku, eʻike ma waena o homogeneous a me ka heterogeneous lūlū aku iā nenoai. Ma homogeneous nenoai lūlū aku iā pae (particles) mea wili palaoa i nā lātoma, nā'ātoma a me ka Ion. 'O kekahi mau lakou hoopuehu nenoai hiki e ka pāʻoihana o ka monakō koko i loko o ka wai (hakakino lakou hoopuehu'ōnaehana) a sayings ka paʻakai i loko o ka wai (ion-hoopuehuia nenoaiu). Ka mea, i nā pāʻoihana oiaio. Ka nui o na nā lātoma o ka poe i hoopuehuia'ku a pae ka emi mai o kekahi nanometer.

Lakou hoopuehu a me nā pāʻoihana

No a pau na nenoai a me nā pāʻoihana ma ka noho meaola loa nui nō ka colloidal lūlū aku iā nenoai. E like me uaʻike, ka Nine Inch kumu no ke ola ana o ka poe ola, meaola ia hoʻi ka pūnao o nā polokina i loko o laila. Ka awelika lehulehu o nā polokina i loko o ke kino o mai ka 18 a hiki i 21%. Ka hapanui o nā polokina i mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai (o ka lehulehu o ka i loko o kānaka a me nā holoholona o ka hola 65%), a hana colloidal pāʻoihana.

Aia he mau pūʻulu o colloidal pāʻoihana: wai (Sol) a me ka tuko pīlali (gels). A pau i ka nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia ma ka noho ana meaola, pili me ka colloidal mea. Ma na mea ola a aeea biopolymers (nukelea nāʻakika, nā polokina, gikozaminoglikany, glycogen) i loko o ka palapala o ka liʻiliʻi iā nenoai.

Colloidal pāʻoihana e laha a me ka 'okanikaʻole ano. Oia pāʻoihana nā aila, fabrics, Ka lula ea Ke, kemikala olona. A iiiaanoaa o ka ai huahana hiki e wahi ana i ka colloidal pāʻoihana: kefir, ka waiu, etc. Loa ai '(lāʻau lapaʻau, antigens, vaccines) i colloidal pāʻoihana. E nā colloidal pāʻoihana a me ka pena.