Mau allelism - he mau 'ano o nā nā'ōewe

He mea hiki ole ia i noonoo ai i ke kālā no lapaau ole ia he mea ano o ka lapaʻau mea koko transfusion. Ma ka wanaao o keia iaoia kauka wale EII ni wai mai kekahi hoomanawanui a hiki i kekahi, me ka noonoo ole i ka hopena. Mahope loina o ka hoʻomanawanui ka kūlana alakaʻi ai i ka hopena i ia mea i kekahi koko pono no ka transfusion. Ua ua he prelude i ka loaʻa o ke koko pūʻulu.

ka wehewehena

Mau allelism - o ke ola ana o ka oi ma mua o nā Lolina o ka ia'ōewe. Ua hana like me ka mea ana i wae maoli, i ua, ua ālai 'ke kuʻi nukeliu o keka keena o ka meaola i hiki ole i kekahi viable keiki kakou nana.

Kēia wehewehe i ka sterility o kekahi mau mea kanu a me nā holoholona, e like me ka impossibility o ka helehelena o ke "keiki" i loko o kekahi holoholona? Ueo. Aʻano o nā symptoms ua kapaia "mau allelism". Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kēia moku'āina: kekahi maka waihoʻoluʻu a kapa 'ia nā pōpō, kinona o na pepeiao a me ka ihu. Akā,ʻo ia nā kumumea ololi, a me ka mea mea, e ia i ke koko pae i loko o kānaka.

Mau allelism i kekahi lauana.

- kekahi'ōewe i i oi ma mua o nā alleles;

- he Lolina'ōewe e ala mai nā aie i ka mea mua, a ke hoʻololi mutation o kekahi allele, a ma muli o ka loli ma ka "hihiu"'ōewe;

- i loko o ke kino me ka diploid chromosome i nāʻokoʻa alleles hiki e ka poʻe;

- alleles i Hoʻohaku-recessive pilina ma waena o lākou;

- i ka'āina hoʻoili o nā alleles malalo i na kanawai o Gregor Mendel.

Hooilina o ke koko pūʻulu

Mau allelism - keia mea kekahi o na hoikeana o ka variability o ka aaiaoe mea o ke ola meaola. hiki e kapaʻia kekahi laʻana o ia variability hooilina koko ma AB0 kahua.

Kēia'ōnaehana loaʻa kekahi mau 'ano:

- ka mea, ekolu alleles o ka'ōewe I - o ka A, B a me 0;

-ʻeleu'ōewe ua aia ma chromosome iwa;

- A a me B alleles i Hoʻohaku ma 0 akā, e like no lakou i kekahi i kekahi;

- e like me nā kānāwai o ka Mendelian Hoʻohaku nā'ōewe hoi me ka homo - a heterozygous meaola, a me wale i loko o ka homozygous recessive no ka haawiia mai kāna moʻolelo.

Kekahi mau ana o alleles hua eha koko pūʻulu: 0, A, B, a me AB. Ka mea, oko mawaena o lakou iho antigens (agglutinogens) a hooku iho la ia ma ka ili o ka ula koko keena. Ma keia hihia, ke kinowai hapa o ke koko mau ai hoʻolahaʻia agglutinins. Kēia kekahi nā mea'aʻaʻa, i mai ole coincide me na agglutinogens.

Ke kŰia o mau allelism hoʻolako i keʻano o ka phenotypic hoikeana o kēia moʻolelo ka i loko o kānaka. Koko mea he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o ka naoh kūmau, no ka mea, 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi ano, he kumumea ma ke ola.

antigenic kahua

Mau allelism - he'ōewe mutation e hoomau anei oukou ma ka heluna kanaka. Kekahi o na nā polokina, a ua uhiia e ka mutation o ka RH ololi. Kēia kumuʻiʻo ua ili ma ka Hoʻohakuʻano. A hiki i ke koko transfusion a hāpai keiki, RH incompatibility ke kānāwai. Ma keia hihia, ke koko hoʻomaka e clot a me ka ulu DIC.

maternal koko a me ka fetal chorionic villi a hele ma, a, aole pili pono. Inā, i ka hāpai keiki mua, RH-io makuwahine hoʻomōhala RH-maikaʻi pēpē, ka hanau kaʻina hana me konaʻulaʻula koko keena hōʻike i nā antigens ke komo i loko o ka wahine ka vascular'ōnaehana a i allergic reactions o ka hoolohiʻano. Oia hoi, na nā mea'aʻaʻa e loaa i loko o ke kino, akā, i i hōʻike mai i ka hai hāpai keiki. Inā ke keiki lua o ka mea i RH 'oluʻolu, he mea he kaua ma waena o nā mea'aʻaʻa a me antigens. Ua hiki e ho'ōla alakai i ka make ana o ka fetus.

'ōewe hana kūleʻa

Mau allelism - mea he kīnā o kekahi, a me ka ia'ōewe i loko o kekahi physiological Lolina. Aia mauʻAʻole wale agglutinogens A, B a me 0.ʻepekema, ua kaʻawale elua haneri oi ma mua o agglutinogens hui i ka iwakālua o ka pūʻulu. Ua hele aku ai i kū hoʻokahi o ke koko pūʻulu i loko o na kino hoʻokahi ma ka honua nei.

Ke koena unuhi ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu o ka AB0'ōnaehana mea i ka wai koko mea ole no ia agglutinins. Ka oi nui nō nā agglutinogens RH, HI, S, P, A, i ka Levi, Duppi, Kell, Kidd, a me na mea e ae. Ma ke koko, likeʻole me ka hui pu ana o kēia mau antigens.

Mea pōmaikaʻi, a me ka hookahi koko transfusion aole e hoohalike i ka noonoo a pau o kēia mau kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma, no ka mea, e ole i nui generalized allergic naoh. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i paipai no ka pinepine ana ke koko transfusions o ka ia kona mau pou.

Koko pūʻulu antigens AB0 kahua

Like, ua ike ia, ma ka genotype o ke kanaka mea mau he kŰia o mau allelism. i hōʻike mai iā ia ke koko pae antigens me A a me B,ʻo konaʻano mea ku pono i ke alo o ka'ōewe I. Ua komo o ka kumuʻiʻo a me carbohydrates. Ke specificity o kēlā me kēia antigen ua nānā 'ia e kō kaula maʻi apana nahaha.

No ka mea kahua o antigen A a me B koi H-waiwai no ke alo aku o ka'ōewe kuleana N. kēia 'ole mea i ka antigen, no ka mea, a pau na kanaka i ka erythrocyte membranes. I kanaka me ka mua koko pae i wale H-waiwai, akā,ʻaʻohe antigens A a me B.