Mea Maluna a me typology o ke ao nei

ʻO kēia ao ka nui a me ka nui e lauwili. Inā 'oe e nānā i ka pili aupuni palapala' āina o ko mākou Honua, ua hiki ke helu 230'āina i mea nui okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Kekahi o ia i ka nui loa wahi, a ina oe e ole kūlana 'ka a pau, e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka'āinapuniʻole, i nā wahi i e emi ma mua o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa i loko o ke ao nei. Ma kekahi'āina, i ka heluna kanaka o multinational, ma na mea e ae a pau i kūloko kumu ae. Kekahi mau mea i waiwai i loko o nā kumu waiwai, ē aʻe i ka hana me ka kumu waiwai. Kēlā me kēia no ia mea kū hoʻokahi, a i kona mau ano, akā,ʻepekema i Ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i na hiʻona i makemake e hiki e hoohui i ka moku'āina ma ka pae. Pela i hana i ka typology o nā'āina o ke o kēia au nei.

Ka manaʻo o na ano a

E like me ka mea, ua ike ia, o ka ulu - ia ka loa kekahi henua kaʻina, i hiki ke lawe wahi loa okoa, ke kaumaha ma muli o nā kūlana o ka hoohuoi ana me ia. O ke kumu ho i ka typology a me ke ao nei. Kēlā me kēia no ia i hele aku ma kekahi mōʻaukala hanana i 'ana i alakaʻi ai kona evolution. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, he mea kekahi pūʻulu o nā hoailona i pinepine ana i ka hola o ka ua kauʻia i loko o nā 'āina' ahahui hiki. Ma ke kumu o kēia mau mea like, a? Ieoaeunoai i typology o'āina o ka o kēia au nei.

Akā, ua o ka Mea Maluna hiki ole ke ma muli wale ma kekahi paha mau ana hoʻohālike, no laila, kńnaka e hana i ka oihana nui o kaʻikepili ohi. Ma ke kumu o keia Ka Ikepili ia mea he pae o ka mea like e hoʻohui like i kekahi i kekahi aupuni.

Aʻano o nā typologies

Nā hoailona i ka noiʻi, hiki ole ke hui i loko o ka hoʻokahi hui, e like me ka mea no i kekahi mau spheres o ke ola. No laila, i ka typology o ka'āina me ka nānā 'ana i nā ana hoʻohālike, a alakai ai i ka muli o na mea he nui Mea Maluna, a hilinaʻi ma ka i koho ololi. loiloi i kekahi o ia i ka papa hana, oiai kekahi poe - kālai'āina a me ka mōʻaukala, ao ke ano. Aia nō ka poʻe i i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hae o ke ola ana o ke kanaka a me ka Leeuwerikplein wahi o ka ?? eoi? Ee. Manawa hiki no hoi e ka hoʻoponopono ', a me ka walaʻauʻana typology o ko ke ao nei ke hoʻololi. i obsolete kekahi o lakou, oiai kekahi poe - wale e reappear.

No ka laʻana, no ka ma ke kenekulia ka mea, ua pio ka polokalamu loa topical mahele o ka waiwai 'ole ma luna o ka honua capitalist (market ana) a me ka Socialist (? Aaony hoʻokele waiwai')'āina. A hookaawale pūʻulu i ka ia manawa, ua mua panalāʻau loaa i ko lakou kuokoa, a ku ma ka hoʻomaka o ka ulu ana. Akā, ua lawe nā hanana wahi ma luna o ka mau makahiki i hala iho nei, a hōʻike i ka pōʻaiawaiwai Socialist ua lilo obsolete, a hiki nae ia nō koe i ke kumu nui i loko o kekahi mau aina. No laila, i kēia typology i ua pahu i loko o ke kāʻei kua.

waiwai

Ua Ua maopopo ka waiwai o ka mahele ana i ka moku'āina, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka 'epekema. No ka mea, mau hiʻohiʻona nō kānakaʻepekema, e kūkulu lākou noiʻi, a hiki hōʻike i ka hewa i loko o ka ulu ana o ka a me ka aoao e pale aku ia i ka 'ē aʻe. Akā, i ka typology o'āina i loko o ke ao nei, a ua nui ko mea hiki nui. No ka laʻana, i ke Aupuni Hui Pū '- kekahi o na papa hana koʻikoʻi loa, ma Europa, a nā hualoaʻa a - ma ke kumu o ka Mea Maluna o ka ulu i kou akamai no kālā kākoʻo no ka nawaliwali a me ka loa kūlana'āina.

Nō hoʻi, i ka papa ua hana no ka hana o ka helu ana i ka ka pilikia i hiki ke loli ke kūpono 'ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka a pau. Kēia kōkua i hou pololei hooholo i ke kālā a me ka ulu AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o nā mea a pau i ka 'aoʻao i loko o ke kuai. Nolaila, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale theoretically nui, akā, i ke noi i ka hanaia e loa seriously ike puni ke ao.

Typology o ka'āina i loko o olelo o ka papa hana o ke ao nei. ʻAno I

Ka loa, he pono ole, a pinepine hoʻohana 'o ka Mea Maluna o ka'āina e like me ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Kiʻekiʻe o? Acaeoey. Ma ke kumu o keia ana, he mau ano. I ka mua o ia - o ka hoʻomōhala i ka'āina. He 60 hoʻokaʻawale wahi i i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke ola o kanaka, nui kālā kūpono a me ka nui ole ma ka makaainana honua. Akā, i kēiaʻano o ka loa heterogeneous, a ua hoi puunaueia i loko o kekahi mau subgroups:

• Ka ai-i kapaia "Group oʻEhiku" (France, USA, Japan, UK, Canada, Italy a me Kelemania). Ke alakaʻiʻana o kēia mau'āina mea C. Brewer. Ka mea, he poe kanaka nunui i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai global, i ka mea nui loa wahi lulu huahana no capita (10-20 tausani dala). Ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea hou i loko o kēia mau'āina kahua kiʻekiʻe. Mōʻaukala hōʻike i ka hala ana o ka "BigʻEhiku" ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i nā panalāʻau, a lawe mai ia lakou nunui kālā waiwai kūʻai. Kekahi maa kāna moʻolelo - ka monopoly o hui i ka lahui kuai.
• Small'āina i e ole i ka mana, e like me ka mea ma luna, akā, i ko lākou kūlana ma ka International Arena mea C. Brewer a me ka ulu ana i kela makahiki. GDP no capita 'aʻole i oko, mai nā kiʻi i haawiia mai ma luna. Here hiki e wahi Aneane pau WesternʻEulopa'āina, i i ole kapaia mamua. Lakou pinepine hui i ka "nui ehiku" a me ka hana i kona pili ma.
• States 'resettlement o capitalism, "i ke ka pukaʻana mai o ka koloniala hana o ka' ōlelo Pelekānia (Australia, South Africa, New Zealand). Mau aupuni aneane collided me feudalism, no laila lākou manaʻo politika a me ka-yeiiiie?'ōnaehana mea he hanana. Pinepine ia nō hoʻi kaʻIseraʻela. ulu 'ilikai Ua kiʻekiʻe nui iho la ia.
• Moscow'āina - keia mea he kūikawā pūʻulu i hanaʻia ma hope o ka Soviet Union e hina i ka makahiki 1991. Akā, ka hapanui o ka'ē aʻe Huipuia, o Hawaiian Europe komo ia iʻaneʻi.

Pela, ke typology o ka'āina i loko o olelo o? Acaeoey o ko ke ao nei, ua pono ia i ka mua pūʻulu. Mau luna, ua like me ke koena o ko ke ao nei, a me ka mea hoakaka i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka International Arena.

lua oʻano

Akā, i ka typology o ka'āina, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa hana o ka honua, a mai ka lua o ka subgroup - ua ulu States. Ka hapa nui o ka'āina ma luna o mākou Honua ua ku e ia ia kenekoa ahahui, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hapalua o ka heluna kanaka e ola ana 'aneʻi. i kēia mau'āina e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano:

• Key'āina (Mexico, Argentina, India, Brazil). Māhele hana 'aneʻi ua hoʻomohala ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, waiwai hoʻolilo kekahi mea i ka hope. Market ana i ka nui loa o ka waiwai nui. Akā, GDP, kŘpa a haʻahaʻa, a ua ālai 'ke aupuni e hoʻoneʻe i kaʻokoʻa type.
• Puhi iho industrialized'āina (South Korea, Kēkēmapa, Taiwan, a me na mea e ae). I ka moolelo o kēia mau'āina hoike ia mai i ka 80-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, kā lākou waiwai ua nawaliwali, na kanaka i ka hapanui komo ma ka mahiai a me extractive na hana. Ua alakai aku i ka undeveloped nenoaiie o ka makeke hoahanau a me ka kālā nīnūnē. Akā, i ka hopeʻumi makahiki hōʻike i kēia mau'āina i ka hoʻomaka 'ana, e hele i loko o ke alakaʻi i loko o ka International Arena, ka GDP ua mahuahua me ka nui loa, a me na haole kalepa ua nee aku ma salable huahana manufacturing.
• Ka hoʻoliloʻana'āinaʻaila (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait a me na mea e ae). He nui o kēia mau Hawaii i hui pu ia ma ka 'āina hui o OPEC. Loa wahi lulu Product no capita ka loa kiʻekiʻe, akā, no ka nui o nā lawelawe pili i koe ma ke 'ano haʻahaʻaʻilikai. Ka pōʻaiawaiwai Ua ulu ma ka lilo o ka waiwai hoʻolilo o ka maka aila a me nā huahana loko mai o ia.
• States me developmental hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana. O nā i ka hapanui o ka ulu'āina.
• Ka liʻiliʻi loa? Ac? - ia o Asia (Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Yemen), Africa (Somalia, o Nigera, Mali a me Chad), Roma Amerika (Laua). Kēia nā mea a pau 42 Hawaii.

No ka mea lua o ka 'ano o nā hiʻona i hune, koloniala i hala, pinepine kālai'āina o onei, ilihune? Acaeoey o ka' epekema, lapaʻau a me ka hana.

Social a-yeiiiie? Typology o ka'āina e hōʻike mai ana kekahi mau ka noho ana o kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka ua ?? eoi? Ee. Kekahi o ka mea kuleana aʻe i loko o ka ulu ana o ka mōʻaukala hanana ua lilo, e like me kekahi hiki pono mai o nā panalāʻau, a me ka mea'ē aʻe i kēia manawa a pau i nā mea a pau i ko lakou mau waiwai, e ka lanakila. Like nui o ka mentality o na kanaka ia lakou iho, no ka mea, i loko o kekahi aina, hele mai la i ka mana e imi ana i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i kā lākou moku'āina, ma na mea e ae - wale mālama e pili ana i kā lākou maikaʻiʻana.

Na Mea Maluna o ka heluna kanaka

Kekahi o ka loa ma ko ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mahele o ka typology o'āina i loko o ke ao nei ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka heluna kanaka. Kēia ana ka mea nui, no ka mea, ua manaoia e ia i ka nui loa o nā kumu waiwai na kanaka, a hiki i wale i ka aina. Aia hoʻi, ina o ka heluna mai ka makahiki i ka makahiki ua hoemi, ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka ia'na o ke aupuni. Nolaila, o kekahi o ka typology o ka'āina e like me ka helu o ke ao loa mahalo. Rating ma keia kumu, ua like penei:

• Ka mua wahi e pili ana i ka undisputed alakaʻi - ka People ka Repubalika o Kina me 1,357 ieeeea kanaka .. Mai ka makahiki 1960 a hiki i 2015 ua hoonuiia ka helu ana o Pake kanaka ma ka aneane he ieeeea? A £, a alakai ai i ka ikaika lahui kulekele e pili ana i ka hanau keiki ana. Oiai ma na aina, he nui na keiki i ole wale hoʻokipa, akā, i kākoʻo financially, ma Kina ka mea, ua i 'ae' ia i oi ma mua o kekahi keiki i loko o ka 'ohana. Wale i ka 2014 ka mea i hanau 'aneʻi oi ma mua o 16 miliona keiki. No laila, i loko o ka hiki mai makahiki, China i oiaio no e lilo kona primacy.
• Lua o ka wahi ma India (1.301 ieeeea?. People). Mai ka makahiki 1960 a hiki i 2015 i ka nui o ka aina i kekahi, a mahuahua nui ma ka aneane hoʻokahi piliona. Over ka makahiki i hala iho nei, ua i hanau 26,6 miliona keiki, no laila, mai ka hānauʻana i loko o kēia moku'āina a me nā mea a pau loa maikai.
• Ke kolu o ka wahi i loko o ka US, akā, i ka likeʻole ma ka heluna kanaka ma waena o nā nā'āina mua, a me keia mea nui nui - i keia la 325 miliona kanaka e noho ana ma ka United States, a i niuniu ole wale no i ka mea kiekie ma ka hanau ana, (i ka 2014 - 4,4 miliona) akā, i ka mea o ka poʻe Polenekia (i loko o ka ia makahiki, hele mai i 1.4 miliona 'aneʻi).
• Indonesia e no hoi e hopohopo e pili ana i kou'ōewe auau, me 257 miliona kanaka e noho 'aneʻi. Natural ka heluna ulu kiekie ae - 2,9 miliona (2014), akā, he nui ho'āʻo e hele aku mai ka hale ma ka huli ana i ka maikaʻi ola (emigrated 254,7 tausani i ka 2014).
• Ka luna elima luna ma Brazil. Ka heluna - 207,4 miliona. Natural mahuahua - 2.3 miliona.

Ma keia papa inoa, Rusia mea ma luna o ka 9th wahi me ka heluna kanaka - 146,3 miliona. Natural heluna ka ulu ana i loko o ka Russian Hui nui i 25 tausani kanaka i ka 2014. Ka uuku helu o ka poʻe e noho ana i loko o ka Waikikana - 836, a me ka mea hiki wale ke wehewehe ma ia kenekoa ana.

Mea Maluna ma ka 'āpana

Ke typology o ko ke ao nei ma ka 'āpana o kekahi he hana hoihoi. Ka mea, i hookaawale ai i ka moku'āina i loko o 7 pūʻulu:

• Kanaka nunui,ʻo kona wahi aku i 3 Mill. Square kilomika. Kēia o Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India a me Rusia, i mea no ka nui loa i loko o ka ?? eoi? Me ka iauae ieiuaae o 17,1 miliona. Km ^2.
• Nui - mai kekahi i ekolu miliona ei ^{2 ..} Kēia 21'āina, a me Mexico, South Africa, Chad, Iran, Ethiopia, Argentina a me na mea e ae.
• Nui - mai 500 tausani a hiki i 1 miliona ei ^{2 ..} Ua mea no hoi 21'āina: Pakistan, Chile, Tureke, Yemen,ʻAigupita, Afghanistan, Mozambique, Ukraine a me na mea e ae.
• Ka - mai ka 100 a hiki i 500 000 ei ^2. 56 Hawaii: Belarus, Morocco, Japan, New Zealand, Paraguay, Cameroon, UK, Spain, Uruguay a me na mea e ae.
• Small - mai ka 10 a hiki i 100 tausani ^km2. He 56'āina: South Korea, Czech Repubalika, Serbia, Hawaii, i ka Netherlands, Kosta Rika, Latvia, Togo, Qatar, Azerbaijan a me na mea e ae.
• Small - mai ka 1 a hiki i 10 000 ei ^2. Keia 8'āina: Trinidad a me Tobago, Samoa, Kupero, Brunei, Lukemapuka, Comoros, Mauritius a me Cape Verde.
• Anakahi iki - mai i 1 000 ei ^2. 24 Ua hākālia nō: Kēkēmapa, Liechtenstein, Malta, Nauru, Tonga, Barbados, Andorra, Kiribati, Dominica a me na mea e ae. 'O kēia kekahi o ka uuku aupuni i loko o ke ao nei - ka Waikikana. Ua uhi he wahi o 44 aa, aia i loko o ke kapikala o Italia - Roma.

Penei, i ke kumu o ka typology o ka'āina e like me ka nui o ko ke ao nei - he wahi i make i ka ÷ 17 milionaʻahā like (Rusia) i 44 aa (Waikikana) kilomika. Mau oeeo? E malama i ka hoʻololi 'ana i nā luna hoʻolale kāna hana e lawelawe ai, no ka naau makemake o ka aina, e hoʻokaʻawale, a nāna hoʻi i hana i ko lakou mau moku'āina. No laila, i ka moʻolelo noke mau loipālākiō.

Mea Maluna ma ka io Geographic wahi

Nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka moku'āina Wehewehe i nā hāʻina kona wahi. Inā ka mea, ua aia ma ke kuʻina o ke kai? Ooia, laila, i ka waiwaiʻilikai me ka nui loa ma muli o ke dala kahe a puni ka? Aiiioe?. Inā he mea ole ka hookipaia a hiki i ke kai, e like me ka waiwai i ?? eoi? Hiki ole ike. Nolaila, e like me ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka aina ua maheleia i:

• Pae'āina ma hope - moku'āina, a i kauʻia ma luna o ka pae o ka mokupuni, Aia he pōkole kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi (na Bahamas, Japan, Tonga, Palau, ka Pilipino a me na mea e ae).
• Island - aia i loko o na palena o kekahi a oi o ka mokupuni i mea ole i pili i ka pelapela a (Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Fiji, United Kingdom, etc.).
• Peninsular - ka mea i aia ma luna o nā Peninsula (Italy, Norway, India, Laos, Tureke, UAE, Oman a me na mea e ae).
• Maritimes - ia mau'āina e ia e nānā i ke kai (Ukraine, ke USA, Brazil, Germany, China, Rusia, o Aigupita, a me na mea e ae).
• Uka lilo mai wau - i landlocked ('Ararata, Nepal, Zambia, Austria, Moldova, Czech Repubalika, Paraguay, a me na mea e ae).

Typology o ka'āina Tilly o ko ke ao nei, oia hoi he hana hoihoi a me ka nohona. Akā, ka mea, ua i koe, i mea Australia, no ka mea, o ka mea wale nō aupuni i loko o ke ao nei,? Iaeoe? O ka ?? eoi? O ka mea a pau'āinapuniʻole. Ua nolaila hiehie mau ano.

Mea Maluna o ka GDP

Loa wahi lulu huahana - a pau ka waiwai i hiki paka i ka hookahi ana no ka makahiki i loko o kona mokuna. Kēia ana i ua hoʻohana luna, akā, ka mea e e kaulana kaawale, e like me nā kānakaʻepekema olelo i ka aneiai typology o ko ke ao nei GDP o ka wahi ia e hookahi. E like me ko oukou ike ana, ma June 1 o kela a me keia makahiki, i ka lā o ka IeAIIeXIAaIEN ma ka World Bank papa inoa o nā'āina ma ka oaeuiinoe kiʻekiʻe o GDP. Loaa waeʻano e māheleʻia i loko o 4 hoailona ia mea:

• haahaa ulu loaa (i ka 1.035 US dala no capita);
• loaa ma lalo awelika (mai ka 4085 dala no kanaka);
• Ma o ka uku ma luna o awelika (mai i 12615 US dala);
• kiʻekiʻe 'ilikai (12616 dala).

I ka 2013, ua hoololiia ka Russian Hui, pu me Chile, Uruguay a me Lithuania a hiki i ka pae o ka'āina i i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki. Akā, Eia naʻe, he mea kekahi nana e hoole au i loko o kekahi aina, e like me Hungary. Ua hoi hou i ke kolu o ka Mea Maluna ke kahua. Nolaila, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka aneiai typology o ka'āina, e like me ka loa o ke aupuni, huahana ka loa lolelua ka, a ua hōʻano hou 'ia i kela makahiki.

Ke kaawale degere o ka urbanization

Ma ka Honua emi emi a koe nā panalāʻau e noho i makemake ole i noho nei i hakahaka ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ke kaʻina hana o ka? Acaeoey o ka aina puupaa untouched, a ua kapaia urbanization. Na un Ua mālama 'noiʻi i loko o kēia wahi, kūpono i ka mea i kākauʻia i ka Mea Maluna a me ka typology o'āina i ke kaʻana like' ana o hoʻokiwikā heluna kanaka i loko o ka huina heluna kanaka o ke kaʻawale moku'āina. ʻO kēia ao ua papahana no laila, ua lilo ke kulanakauhale i wahi no na nā hoʻohui like nui loa o kanaka. I loko nō o ka kokololio ulu o kēia mau noho, urbanization i loko o kekahi mau aina mai he okoa kaʻilikai. No ka laʻana, Roma Amerika a meʻEulopa ua nui densely dotted me kēia mau noho, akā, no kaʻaoʻao hema, a East Asia mai he nui kua'āina heluna. Kēia 'inideka ua hōʻano hou' ia i kekahi manawa, o kela mea keia 3 makahiki. I ka 2013, o ka loa he kūlana kiʻekiʻe i paʻiʻia:

• 'āina me 100% urbanization - Hong Kong, Nauru, Kēkēmapa a me Monaco.
• States e i oi aku mamua o 90% - o San Marino, Uruguay, Venezuela,'Āina Hao, Argentina, Malta, Qatar, Pelekiuma a me Kuwait.
• Over 50% e 107 lāhui kanaka (Japan, Greece, Suria, Gambia, Poland, Hawaii, Morocco, a me na mea e ae).
• Mai ka 18 i ka 50% o ka urbanization ike i loko o 65'āina (Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Afghanistan, Tonga a me na mea e ae).
• Aia ma lalo 18% i loko o 10'āina -ʻAitiopa, Trinidad a me Tobago, Malawi, Nepal, Uganda, Liechtenstein, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, St. Lucia, a me Burundi, a mea he 11.5% urbanization.

Russian Hui i loko o keia papa, he 51 noho me 74,2% o ka urbanization. Kēia huahelu He mea nui no ka mea, o ka ke keʻena o ka papa hana o ke aupuni. Ua ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ka hapanui o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie. Inā o ka heluna kanaka e ka hapanui pū ma ka mahiʻai, ka mea, i mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i haʻahaʻa-makahiki poe kanaka. Inā 'oe e nānā i ka' ikepili helu, ua hiki eaaei nana ole ia loa waiwai'āina i ke kiʻekiʻe loa ke ano o ka urbanization, akā, ka mea i hanalima.

Pela, ua piha ko kakou honua me keʻano o ka'āina. Ka mea, i he nui ka helu, a me ka mea mau i nā mea a pau like. Kēlā i kona iho moʻomeheu a me ka mooolelo, kā lākou'ōlelo a me ka mentality. Akā, loaʻa nā kumumea i hui he nui loa Hawaii. Nolaila, no ka nui pono ka mea, i Hoʻohui '. Nā ana hoʻohālike no ka typology o ko ke ao nei i e loa okoa (papa hana, GDP ulu, ka pono o ke ola, wahi, heluna kanaka, Leeuwerikplein wahi, urbanization). Akā, ka mea, i nā mea a pauʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, e ia oi nā a me ka intelligible i kekahi i kekahi.