Meaning laau, haku mele 'ana, ka waiwai, a me ka' ano 'ole. Wood - He aha ka keia?

Man hoʻohana lāʻau, mai ka pō mai. Wahie, hana pono hana, lako, kani - hele pu 'atikala o ka laau mai ka wa pau ole. Eia hou, na laau - he maoli calendars, a noho mōʻaukala hoʻopunipuni.

Aia ka he okoa lala o ka 'epekema - dendrochronology, a ke hoike nei oe i ka makahiki o ka huina hoonui, a ma i i wahi kua i lalo i ka laau, mai i ka mea i hana. Këia i ka pauku o ka makahiki apo, oe ke aʻo e pili ana i ke ano maoli, a me ka lewa o ke au kahiko. Pono a me keakea, me ka 'ole o ka wahie me ka haleʻia ka waiwai - a pau o kēia mau nīnūnē pono noonoo.

Pehea ka mea, ke hana nei ia

Nā waiwai a me nā 'ano o ka mea hiki ole ke maopopo ole mua nana i ka' ole a me ka haku mele 'ana o ka laau. Ke loa manaʻo o ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea nana ia mea ia. No ka mea awelike kanaka, a me ka hana, ai kukulu o ka wale'āpana o ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka wauke, i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hale a me ka wahiʻoihana. No ka botany 'ole o ka laau, a me ka lāʻau - keia mea i ka pau luna', i nā mea a pau o na kumu, mai na kumu a hiki i ka lei.

Crohn hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hana kānaka, a me na lala e like feedstock no ka fibreboard a me ka pepa. O ka papa kuhikuhi nui o ke kumu. Ma ke kea-mahele 'ole o nā maka i ka laau kumu. Na lālā luna, ahu iho - ka cortex, i malama ola aeee mai mawaho ololi. Ma waena o ka wauke a me ke kumu kino o ka ahu iho la ka ola aeee - cadmium. Ma ka naau ma ka barela hele i ka Kora naʻEsau. E wehe ae oe'aʻaʻa mai i ia mea, e ia uala pono no utilitarian hana.

laau kāna mau 'ōlelo ua hakuʻano nui o ka make keena, kēpau hoʻokomo kālā dyeing a me ka tanning konohiki. Ke nucleus ua hoopuniia e ka sapwood - hapa o ka laau, i mea kuleana no ka lawe ana i ka wai i mai nā aʻa i nā lau. Alaila, he mea he hailona o ka ona mau, ia mea oi wai pilipaa a me ka ikaika popoʻole. Haʻi Kernel mea,ʻaʻole ma nā kumu lāʻau a pau. Ma kekahi o ia mea, aole he okoa ma waena o ka piko a me outskirts o ka barela. Ia mau pōhaku i kapaia sapwood.

Microscopic 'ole o ka laau

E ho ohana i ka microscope, ua hiki ke nanaʻoi i loko o ka 'ole. Wood he o ka huina o ka make ili keena. Young vegetative keena komo ana o ka iwi a me ka loko lilo - ka cytoplasm a me ka nucleus. Ma muli lahilahi aniani moakakaʻili lahilahi mea kelulose paha kelulose. Me undergo metamorphosis a me, ke kaumaha ma muli ana ia oihana, e hoohuliia mai i loko o ka nuipa a me ka cortex (probkovanie) a me ka laau (lignification) kanu keena ma manawa.

Ke keena hana noke lignin. He mea i ke kumu no ka lignification. Kaʻana ma nā laha 'o ka woody keena - prozenhimnye a me ka parenchymal. Keʻano mua o ka bulk laau, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ole - mai ka 85% e 99%. I ka huli, e puʻunaueʻia ka mea, i loko o kā lākou mau hana. Lawelawe aeee i kuleana no ka haawi ana o māhuaola a me ka ona mau, mai na kumu a hiki i na lau, me mechanical - no ka ikaika a me ka kumupaʻa o ka laau. Parenchymal keena hana i ka hana o ka pantry no ka mea kanu. Ka mea, loaa ka mahuaola (bipi kūpaluʻia, starches) a me ka haawi ia lakou e like me ka pono i ka pilikia wā.

Softwood

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laha 'o nā lāʻau a me kā lākou' ole mea okoa. Ano o ka laau, ua maheleia i coniferous a me ka deciduous. Ka 'ole o ka conifers Ua oi poe noonoo ole. E i ka bulk o traheidnye keena. Ke kūikawā hiʻona o softwood nā i ka hoʻolako 'ana o aeee e paka i ke kēpau. Kekahi mau? Ueo hiki e kekahi randomly hoopuehuia lakou, a hui ma ka kēpau ducts.

Hardwood

More eiiieaena laau o deciduous breeds a me kā lākou 'ole. Wood ua haku o ka vascular a me ka parenchymal keena libriform olona. No deciduous laau lilo aku i ko lakou mau lau i loko o ka haule ana, hooilo, ka mea pono i ka nui o ka lako hou i ka ai. Nolaila, o ka nui helu o ka parenchymal keena kuleana no ka hoʻomāhuahua o māhuaola, ma mua o ka softwood. Ua hiki ke ike ma ka'ōlelo ai kāna mau 'ōlelo.

waiwai

A helu o ano waiwai mai o ka laau. Hiʻona o ka 'ole i ke kumu. Mea paʻa i loko o ka ulu lāʻau o loa kiʻekiʻe, a ma waena o? Ieoaeunoai mea ma luna o kēia anakahi ia ninoaaeyao he palapala kūlana. Akā, hāʻawiʻia ka mea uuku e like no ia mea like i loko o kēia mau mea i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ka nawaliwali wahi o ka wahie ka mea ia mea - anisotropic mea. Ka hiki o ka ia'ku i ka luku hilinaʻi nui ma ka olelo o ka poe pili i ka puluniu hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. Ka maikai nā hoailona o ka ikaika hiki i ka wa olohelohe ia lakou i ka mea ma ka hua.

Ke oolea o ka laau mea liʻiliʻi, ke kumu no keia - ka mea i ho'ākāka '' ole. Wood - he porous,'ōlewa mea. e hiki ke hoihoi mai i ko lakou helehelena ma hope o ka pōkole haawe kedera. Akā, i ke koena deformation ma muli o ka hooloihiia waiū, e noho paʻa. Laau ulana lole e,ʻaʻole e hiki ke loaa i ko lakou helehelena ma hope loa ana.

Paakiki o ka hale lako me ka nānā 'ana i ka mea a ka haawe e pono no ka ua e he kila mea poepoe me ka kekahi nui. No ka mea paakiki wahie ia mea wale 1000 N. Ma keia hihia, haʻahaʻa paakiki - ka mea, o kekahi o na kumu pono o ka mea. Wood mea oluolu i ke kō, ua paa paa ia e kui, nā kui nao, pakiko-enehana hou nā kui nao.

Wood ona mau maʻiʻo ua nānā 'ia e ka mea i ho'ākāka' ka maʻiʻo o ka ona mau i loko o ka ili. I pono ka laau ke kuaʻana aku, e hiki 100%. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka maloʻo ana uliuli ulu lāʻau i malalo iho i ka mea e pono ai kiko'î a mai ka 40 a hiki i 15%.

kiʻekiʻe

Wood i ka haʻahaʻa thermal conductivity waiwai. Ua hiki ke advantageously hoʻohana me ka hō'īpale mea. Noho nanea oe o ka aaioeeʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka laulā huahelu o ka mea. He mea hiki ole ia i noonoo ai i kekahi poe, me ka mea kani i ka lāʻau. Nani loa violin - i ka hopena o ia mau waiwai o ka wahie, e like me ka hiki i ka resonance. Wood mea hiki wawe ka manao, wehe i ka wae nui no ka hana ana i nā uma hale. I laau huahana i maikaʻi kani-Komo 'o ia' ano. Beautiful ili wehe i ka makahiki no ka paʻakikī ka wā la i manao ai.

hewa

I ka hana, e lawe i ka haawe ana o ka wahie huahana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka olelo o ka ikaika palapala noi. O ke kumu ho i ka anisotropic kanu'ōiwi o ka lāʻau. Eia hou, ikaika ka waiwai hilinaʻi hoʻi ma luna o ka koke i ka waenakonu o ke kumu, humidity, imua o knots a me na mawae. Kēia i Noho i ka puu o ka manawa ma ka koho o ka pono mea no ka hana.

E like me ka mea alohaʻia, wahie mea kūlana i nā mea kolo, punahelu, fungi. No ka lōʻihi-ʻaoʻaoʻelua hana ua koi 'ia e lawe mai i kekahi kumu kūʻai nui Nine Inch lapaau. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka laau 'ole me ka mālama'-lapaʻau - i mea pio oluolu no ke ahi.

laau aaioee

I mau, eia ekolu ano o ka laau aaioee:

• Ka loa, he pono ole - me mechanical hana. Wood i oloʻia, planing, mahae.
• I Nine Inch-me mechanical lapaau o ka mea ua hoolilo i ka palapala hoʻomākaukau. Wood inoaia, shavings kawili pu ia me ka mea hoʻopaʻa a me ka paio hahana maoli nō. A Nine Inch polymerization naoh a me ka auoiaea he pono e like me plywood, chipboard, fiberboard.
• I ka wā o ka Nine Inch lapaau i ka wahie nāʻakika, alkalis, paʻakai, ua hookauwa aku oia ia i ka paio hahana maoli nō. Ua hiki ke kapa mai ia lapaʻau huahana charcoal, rosin nui aʻe ana, tannins, kelulose.

Laau mua ke kanaka ma luna o nā haneri, a miliona o ka makahiki. A pau loa ola i ka noho maikai ana ma muli o ka pono o ka laau. Books, lako, kani - a pau i kēia mea hiki i ke aloha a hiki i kēia hanana kūlohelohe mea.