Megalithic hale: ano a me keia ano

Ma ka ili o ka poepoe honua, a me ke koe o ka Australia, he nui na pohihihi, a kahiko hale. Hoikehonua, noiʻi ua hoike ia ka mea, i ua kūkuluʻia i loko o ka Neolithic, Chalcolithic a me kiaha keleawe Age. Mua ka mea, i ka manaʻo a pau o ia ho i ka hoʻomaopopo like moʻomeheu ia, akā, i keia la nui a oiʻepekema i malalo a hiki i keia pähola 'i loko o nīnau. No laila, ka mea a ke kumu i kēia mau megalithic hale i hana? No ke aha la ka mea, i keia 'ole i ka palapala, a i ke ano o? Where oe ke ike i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i o kahiko moʻomeheu?

He aha ka na megaliths?

Mamua o ka noonoo a me këia megalithic hale, e pono e maopopo ka oihana mua i loaʻa ka mea. I keia la ua manaoia e ia i ka uuku o ka mokuna o ia mau manao megalith. I ka manawa i kauoha aku i loko o 'epekema terminology i ka 1867, a me ka waiho' ana i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia hoʻomalu A. Herbert. Ka hua'ōlelo "megalith" Helene, 'o ia hoʻi "nui pohaku" ua unuhi i loko o Russian.

Kūlike loa a me ka exhaustive ka wehewehena o ka mea megaliths, hakuʻole. I kēia manawa ma keia makahiki i manaoia kahiko hale i ka aeieia pohaku, papa a me na mea popo palaoa o likeʻole nui like 'ole me ka hoʻohana' ana i kekahi ka ponaʻana a cementing mele a me nā pāʻoihana. Ka simplest ano o megalithic hale, oia o wale kekahi pa alima - ia menhirs.

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka megalithic hale a

Ma kekahi mau manawa okoa kanaka kukulu ia nunui? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia a nui na pohaku, ālai 'a me slabs. Temple ma Baalbek a me na pyramids o Aigupita i no hoi megaliths, ka mea, pono ka mea, i maliuia no laila, i kapaʻia. Penei, ka megalithic hale - heʻano o ka manao hana e likeʻole kahiko maikai ana, a haku o nā pōhaku nui paha slabs. Eia naʻe, i nā hale i i manaoia megaliths, loaʻa nō i ka helu o nā hiʻona, ka mea i hui:

1. a pau o ia mea, i ka pōhaku, a me nā ālai 'slabs kanaka nunui nui, kaumaha i make i mai kekahi mau na umi o nā kilo me nā i ka haneri o nā tona.

2. Ua kūkuluʻia ka mea kahiko megalithic hale mai ka ikaika a me ka hoʻopale i ka fracture pōhaku: limestones, andesites,ʻalā o, diorites a me na mea e ae.

3. Iloko o ka hana o ka lepo pipili ua i hoʻohana 'ia - kekahi ma ka pāʻoihana no ke haka pono maila paha no ka hana ana i ālai'.

4. ka hapanui o ka hale i ka ili o ka palaka, mai a lakou i mele, akahele hoʻokō 'a me ka popo lepo hookahi i kekahi pono paa i kekahi i kekahi. Ka pololei ka mea i waena o ka megalithic ālai 'elua o ka lua pele pohaku hiki ole pili i ka pahi huhui.

5. pinepine i ka i koena hakina o megalithic hale o hope maikai ana i hoʻohana i ke kahua no ko lākou mau hale, e like me ka hiki ke ike i loko o ka hale ma luna o ka luakini mauna i loko o Ierusalema.

A hiki aku ka mea i hana?

Ka hapa nui o megalithic? Anoeao aia i loko o ka UK, Ireland a me nā WesternʻEulopa'āina lā hoʻi i ka V-IV Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. Aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ko mākou aupuni mau loa kahiko megalithic hale no i ka IV -II Ka Wā Kaukani BC

Kind o megalithic hale

A pauʻano o megalithic hale a hiki ke conditionally puunaueia i loko o nā pūʻulu:

• hoolewa ana;
• ole hoʻolewa:
• he haumia paha;
• laa ia.

Inā ilina megaliths mea oi a emi akaka, eia ka i ka hookohu o ka haumia hale, e like me nā helu kanaka nunui pā pōhaku a me nā alanui, a me ka hakakā? Eeuo hale kiaʻi, ka noiʻi nūnē nui. No pololei a me ka ike loea 'ike e pili ana pehea e hoʻohana i ka poʻe kahiko, laa megalithic nā hale: menhirs, cromlechs a me na mea e ae.

He aha mau mea?

Ka loa e like me ka ano o megaliths i:

• menhirs - hookahi, hoʻopapakū i pohaku-stele mai i 20 mau mika kiʻekiʻe;
• dolmen - he hui ana o kekahi mau o ka nui menhirs puni, ho okumu i ka semicircle a hoa kanaka;
• dolmens - o ka loa e like me ka ano o ka megaliths ma 'Eulopa, kūpono ai hoʻokahi a oi nui pohaku slabs kau ma luna o ka mea'ē aʻe paala a me ka paala;
• lanai - kekahi o nāʻano likeʻole dolmenov interconnected;
• trilit - pōhaku 'ole iloko olaila o elua a oi vertical a me kekahi i kau aku ma luna o luna o ia horizontally, nā pōhaku;
• Taula -? Ieoaeunoai o ka pōhaku i loko o ka palapala o ka Lūkini palapala "T";
• cairn, iʻikeʻia me "cairn" a me "huakaʻi" - lola honua 'ole a me ka lepo, e waiho mai i loko o ka palapala o kaʻohana o ka ai iiiaanoaa o na pohaku;
• pohaku lalani - Ua waiho hoʻopapakū a me ka laua ālai 'o ka pohaku;
• seid - Kaulu pohaku a aeie, a ano e ae paha i hoʻokumuʻia e ka poʻe i loko o ka ua wahi, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma ka kiʻekiʻe kulana, no kela'ōlelo pohihihi.

Mau mea wale nō i ka loa pono-ikeia ke ano o megalithic hale. E noho mākou ma luna o kekahi o ia mau mea.

dolmen

I unuhi 'ia mai Breton i loko o ka Lūkini' ōlelo 'o ia hoʻi "pohaku papa". E like me ka rula, ka mea, he ekolu pohaku, kekahi o e waiho nei ma luna o nā hoʻopapakū lele akula i loko o ka "U" letter. Makamua kanaka i loko o ka hana o ka mea kanu'ōiwi nā mea i hahai ma hope kekahi hookahi noaia, no laila, dolmens Lolina e hali ana i kekahi mau hana - he hailona. Ka loa kaulana megalithic nā hale o kēia 'ano e aia ma luna o ke Kaiwaenahonua, a' Akelanika mokuna o Aferika a me 'Eulopa, India, Scandinavia, ka Caucasus.

Trillo

A subspecies o na dolmen, iloko olaila o ekolu pohaku, kńnaka manaoio trilit. Nō kāu, ia manawa mea i pili i ke kaawale aia megalithic, a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i ua hapa o ka oi luna 'hale. No ka laʻana, ma ka ike megalithic eiiieaena like Stonehendge kikowaena hapa ninoieo o elima trilitov.

Cairn

Kekahi ano o ka megalithic? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia mea he cairn, a kaapuni kana. Kēiaʻohana-hoʻokino ho okumu ana o ka pōhaku,ʻoiai i loko o Ireland ma lalo o kēia inoa wale i maopopo i ka 'ole o ka elima pohaku. Ka mea hiki ke kai piha ma luna o kaʻili o ka honua, a ma lalo ia. I ka 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano ma lalo o ka cairn ana Komo megalithic hale a ma lalo o ka honua: mazes, mau papa, a me kona kanu ana keʻena.

menhirs

Ke kahiko a me ka simplest ano o megalithic - menhirs. He hookahi kau hoʻopapakū nunui paala a me na pohaku. Mai ka mau, ma kona ano maoli paala menhirs okoa ili me ko läkou 'o ka pēpēʻana, a me ka mea i kā lākou vertical Ana mea mau oi aku ia mamua o ka papamoe. Ka mea hiki e kekahi freestanding paha hapa o ka luna 'o megalithic eiiieaenu.

Ma ka Caucasus, menhirs a ua hoʻokino ka iʻa i kapaʻia Vishaps. Ma ka Iberian Peninsula, ma ka mea e Farani, i loko o ka Crimea, a me ka Black Sea māhele 'āina i koe nani nui anthropomorphic magalitov - pohaku sculptures.

no hoi Postmegaliticheskimi menhirs i hana nui ma hope runic na pohaku a me ka pohaku nā keʻa.

cromlech

Mau menhirs kau i loko o ka semicircle a p ÷ ai, a me ka luna uhiia me ka pōhaku slabs, kapa cromlechs. Ka loa kaulana laʻana - Stonehenge. Eia naʻe, 'ē aʻe ma mua o puni, huinahń loa, a ma laila nō cromlechs, e like me ia ma ka Morbihan a Khakassia. Ma ka mokupuni o Malta, cromlechs luakini eiiieaenu kūkuluʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka "petals". E ho okumu i kēia mau megalithic hale i hoʻohana ole wale pōhaku, akā, i ka laau, a i hoopaaia ma ka hoʻoholo 'loaa ma hulikoehana hana i loko o ka' ōlelo Pelekānia kalana o Norfolk.

"Kanaka mahuka na pohaku Lapland"

Ka loa, he pono ole megalithic? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia Rusia, e wale no me ka mea e kani - Sejdiu - nunui paala, kaa ma luna o ka uuku e ku nei. I kekahi manawa, i ke kumu o popo decorates kekahi a me kekahi mau pōhaku liʻiliʻi noae i loko o ka "pyramid". Kēiaʻano o nā megaliths he ākea, mai ka mokuna o ka Onega a me Ladoga o ic ?? ia a hiki i ka mokuna o ka Barents kai, ʻo ia hoʻi, a puni ke kūkulu'ākau o ka Europa hapa o Rusia. Ma ke kola Peninsula ma Karelia ana seids nui mai kekahi mau na umi kenimika i eono mika a me ke kaupaona ana o kēia ōlaʻi o kilograms i mau tona, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pohaku, mai i ka mea i hana ai. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Russian North, loa he wahi lihi iki o keia ano keia ano o ka megaliths loaʻa i loko o ka taiga wahi o Finland, i ka'ākau a me ka Central Norway, ka Kuekene kuahiwi.

Seydy i e hookahi, bulk a me ke kaupaonaʻana, maupaʻa mai ana he umi i mau haneri megalithic.