Nā dielectrics i loko o ka uila kula

Nā dielectrics i loko o ka uila kahua hana e like me kā lākou maloko 'ole. Ka mea, i kekahi kapa ole-conductors, mahope mai, e like me ka ike, ka mea, he poʻe waiwai i e ole kūpono e mālama nei uila. Ka mea, e mai no me ke kauoha a nā moku halihali mokulele i makemake e hiki ke neʻe i loko o kēia dielectric.

Ke lātoma - o ka uuku huna o ka mea i hoopaa mai ai i kona Nine Inch waiwai. Ua, ma ka huli, o ia iho, i mai o nā'ātoma me ka ikaika i hoopiiia nucleus a negatively kauoha electrons. Lātoma like me ka poe e'ākilikai. E like me ke kumumanaʻo covalent paa ana i hanaʻia ma loko o laila i kekahi a oi hui o electrons lilo ana, he pono ole no ka hoʻohuiʻia nā'ātoma, nā lātoma i kumupaʻa.

No kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka uku ole - maikaʻi (kāna mau 'ōlelo) a me ka io (electrons) - aia no he wahi, a, e like me ka mea o ko lakou "konu o ka umekaumaha" (pila nui). Mau kumu i kapaʻia nāʻauamo o ke lātoma. Ma ka hihia i kekahi lātoma o ka pou-oaio? A o ka umekaumaha o ke alo o ka hewa a: maikaʻi a me ka io - ia e nonpolar (ka ole kūpenu iho ia i manawa).

Ka 'ole o ka lātoma hiki e asymmetric, no kekahi laʻana, aole hiki e mau dissimilar'Ātoma, laila, i kekahi mea i offset e mākaukau kaua, he pono ole paʻa o electrons i kekahi o na nā'ātoma. Maopopo, ma keia hihia, no ka haoʻa i ka makana o ke alo o ka hewa a (maikaʻi a me ka io) i loko o ke kēpau lātoma e OOAaAeAa o ko lākou mau pou-oaio? A o ka umekaumaha. Ke kūpono lātoma ua kapaia Polar paha i loaa i ka kūpenu iho ia i manawa.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o dielectrics o kā lākou hana, e polarize.
Dielectrics i polarized ma ka pila nui kahua. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kā lākou nā'ātoma, na electrons hoʻomaka eʻoni aʻe ma elongated orbits. E like me ka hopena, i kekahi o ko lākou 'ilikai ua negatively i hoopiiia, ka mea'ē aʻe - ikaika. Penei, he kahua uila i loko o ka dielectric i pakahi kapa maloko. Ia mea, i loko o ka uila kihapai lakou aloha ia dielectrics ka poʻe (kūloko ma, a mawaho) i loko o keia hihia e oppositely kuhikuhi.

Ke resultant uila ke kahua mai i ka ikaika e like me ke koena unuhi intensities o na kula nui a me ka uuku. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke kahua ikaika i loko o ka insulator, irrespective o kona 'ano, he mau emi ma mua o ka mea mawaho uila ke kahua a kena ae la kona polarization.

Ke ka nui ana o ka polarization mea ma ka pololei e like me ka permittivity o ka dielectric. Ka uuku ia mea, no ka emi intensively ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka dielectric polarization , a me ka ikaika i ka uila kahua maloko.

Ke hoopii hou ole wale ma luna o kaʻili akā, no hoi ma ka dielectric wēlau, akā, me ka hoʻololi ia ma ka hui 'ana me ka'ūholo uila mea hiki ole, no ka mea, o ka insulator ua o Laielohelohe i ka'ūholo uila ma Coulomb koa.

Nā dielectrics i loko o ka uila kula ina ia mea ikaika, a me ia mea hiki, e hoomahuahua i ka pinepine ', ma kekahi mau Hawaiʻi e wawahi i ka ikaika, a laila, e uhai aku, mai ka'ātoma electrons. Kēia, e alakai i ka ionization kaʻina dielectrics, no laila, i ka mea, e conductors.

I ka nui o ka mea mawaho kula, i hiki aku ai i dielectric hālāwai hope, ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka hālāwai hope anakahi uila. A e like kali anakahi uila ma i ka insulator, mai hemo mai - hālāwai hope anakahi uila. Kekahi inoa ua ike kali stress - dielectric ikaika.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i wale na dielectrics i loko o ka uila kula i kekahi kula kūloko ma i kekahi nalo ka wā o ka mawaho wehe.