Nā mea kanu o ka sulfur. 'O ka hana a me ka wela o ka sulfur

'O Sulfur he'enehana'enehana i loko o ke ono o ka hui a'o ke kolu o ka wā o ka papa'aina. Ma keia 'atikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kona Nine Inch a me physical ka waiwai, ke ohi, hoʻohana a pela ma ka. 'O ke'ano o ke kino e komo ana i nā'ano like me ke kala, ke ki'eki'e o ka ho'omehana uila, ka paila kohu o ka sulfur, a me nā mea'ē a'e.

'O Sulfur ma ke'ano o ka lā'au lapa'au

He mea'ino ia. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, kū mau ia i kahi moku'āina pa'a. 'O ka sulfur he lemon-melemele. A no ka hapanui o nā mea a pau i loa'a nā'ōmele uliuli. 'A'ole hiki ke wehe i ka wai. Loa'a ka wela a me ka'oihana eletise. 'O kēia mau'ano ke'ano o ia'ano he'ano kūlike'ole. 'Oiai'o ka hana maoli o ka sulfur'a'ole i ma'alahi, hiki i kēia waiwai ke ho'ololi i nā'ano like'ole. 'O nā mea a pau e pili ana i ke'ano o ka lekile kīnela, kahi e pili ai nā pū,'a'ole lākou e hana i nā mole.

No laila,'o ka koho mua he sulfur. 'O kahi pa'a loa ia. 'O ka paila kupa o sulfur o kēia'ano'ehā haneri a me kanahā kūkelē Celsius. Akā no ka hele'ana o kēia mea i loko o ka moku ākea, pono e hele mua i ka wai. No laila,'o ka ho'ohehe'e'ana o ka sulfur aia i kahi mahana e ho'okahi haneri a me'umikumamāwalu nākelē Celsius.

'O ka koho'elua he monoflinic sulfur. He pōhaku'ele'ele ne'ene'e me kekahi kala melelena'ele'ele. 'O ka ho'onā'ana o ka sulfur o ka'ano mua, a laila ua hiki ke alamoho ha'aha'a i ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o kēia'ano. Ua aneane like kēia'ano like'ole. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka paila kohua o ka sulfur o kēia'ano ke'ano like me nā helu'ehā haneri me kanahākumamālima. Eia kekahi, he nui ke'ano o kēia waiwai, e like me ka'ilika. Hā'awi'ia ia ma ka ninini'ana i loko o ke kai anuanu kahi ho'opi'i kohu'ia e kokoke i ka paepae koho. 'O ka paila kaila o sulfur o kēia'ano he like. Akā,'o ka waiwai ka waiwai o ka ho'oulu, e like me ka palapona.

'O kekahi'ano o nā'ano o ke kino, a'u e makemake ai e'ōlelo,'o ia ka mahana wela sulfur. Hiki ke ho'ololi kēia hō'ike ma muli o ke'ano o nā mea a me ke kumu. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ke anahana puhi lepo sulfur e ho'okahi haneri a me kanaiwa tikeli. He kūpono ha'aha'a loa kēia. I nā kumu'ē a'e, hiki i ka māmā o sulfur i'elua haneri a me kanahākumamāwalu nākelē a me'elua haneri me kanalimakumamāono. Ke hilina'i nei ia i ka mea i lawe'ia mai, pehea ka maika'i o ia. Akā, hiki iā mākou ke ho'oholo i ke'ano ha'aha'a o ka mahana ho'omaha o sulfur i ka ho'ohālikelike'ia me kekahi mau mea'oko'a, he mea puhi ia. Eia kekahi, i kekahi manawa e ho'ohui'ia ka sulfur i loko o nā molekino i'ewalu,'eono,'ehā a'elua paha mau. I kēia manawa, ua ninaninau'ia ka sulfur mai kahi e nānā aku ai i ke kākamaika, e hele mākou i ka'ao'ao a'e.

'O ke'ano ho'ohālike o ka sulfur

'O kēia māhele he kahi'āpana atomiki li'ili'i, ua like ia me kanakolu kumamālua mau kala ma kēlā me kēia mole. 'O ke'ano o ka māhele o ka sulfur e komo pū i kahi'ano o kēia waiwai e like me ka hiki ke loa'a i kekahi'ano like'ole o ka pale'ana. He'oko'a kēia,'ōlelo, hydrogen a oxygen paha. Ke no'ono'o i ka nīnau o ke'ano'ano kino o ka māhele o ka sulfur, hiki'ole ke ha'i aku i kēia, ma muli o nā kumu, hō'ike'ia i ka ho'oemi a me ka ho'one'e'ana i nā waiwai. No laila, no ka no'ono'o'ana i ka pilina o kekahi mea i hā'awi'ia me nā pūmona'enehana.

Sulfur a me nā mea li'ili'i

'O nā mea li'ili'i kahi mea ho'okahi wale nō o nā mea i ho'ohui'ia. Hiki ke ho'ohui'ia kona mau a'a i nā molecule, e like me ke'ano o ka oxygen, a'a'ole paha e hui pū'ia, e like me ke'ano no nā metala. Pēlā, hiki ke hana i ka sulfur me nā metala, nā mea'ole nā metale a me nā halogens.

Ka pilina me nā metal

No ka ho'okō'ana i kēia'ano o ka hana, pono ka mahana wela. Ma lalo o kēia mau kumu, loa'a kahi hopena o ka hopena. 'O ia ke'ano, hui pū nā'āpana metala me nā kumukū lepo sulfur, i ka manawa ho'okahi. Eia kekahi la'ana, inā ho'omehana'oe i'elua mau milapalaha pālolo, ho'ohui'ia me ho'okahi mole o ka sulfur, loa'a iā mākou ho'okahi mole o ka sulfipona o kahi mea i hā'awi'ia. Ka helu kaulike hiki ke kākau 'ia penei: 2k + S = K ₂ S.

'O ke'ano o ka oxygen

'O kēia ka'ā'ana o ka sulfur. No ka hopena o kēia ka'ina hana, ua hana'ia kāna mau lā'au kaupona. 'O nā hope he'elua'ano. No laila, hiki ke ho'onui'ia ka puhi'ana o ka sulfur i'elua mau lā. 'O ka mua ke hana'ia kekahi mole o sulfur dioxide mai kahi mole o sulfur a ho'okahi ho'okahi o ka oxygen. Record keia Nine Inch naoh helu kaulike like penei: S + O ₂ = ¶ I _2. 'O ka lua o ka pahu,'o ia ka ho'ohui'ana o kekahi o ka oxygen atom i ka dioxide. Keia ia lŘlŘ ina i hoʻohuiʻia ia mau iole o ka sulfur dioxide i no kameleona o ka o oxygen ma lalo kiʻekiʻe ana wela ana. 'O ka hopena, loa'a iā mākou'elua mau moa o ka trifide sulfuric. Ka helu kaulike o keia Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN mea like penei: 2SO ₂ + O ₂ = 2SO _3. Ma muli o kēia hopena, ua ho'okumu'ia ka sulfuric acid. No laila, ma hope o ka ho'okō'ana i nā hana'elua i ho'ākāka'ia, hiki ke hiki i ka trioxide ka hopena ma loko o kahi mokumahu wai. A loa'a iā mākou ka waikawa sulphate. Ua kākau ke helu kaulike o ia ka naoh like penei: ¶ I ₃ + H ₂ O = H ₂ ¶ _4.

Nā pilina me nā halogens

'O nā kinikona o sulfur, e like me nā mea'ē a'e'ole nā metale, e'ae i ka hana'ana me kēia hui o nā mea. Ho'ohui'ia nā pūpū e like me ka fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine. Hana'o Sulfur me kekahi o lākou, koe wale no ka hope. Ma ke'ano he kumu paha, hiki iā mākou ke hō'ike i ka papahana hō'ona o ka māhele o ka papa Mendeleyev e no'ono'o'ia. Ma ka ho'omaha'ana i nā mea i hana'ole'ia me ka halogen, hiki ke loa'a i'elua mau ho'ololi o ka fluoride. First hihia: ina kekahi lawe kekahi kameleona o ka luaipele a me ekolu iole o fluorine no kameleona o fluoride loaa kona haʻilula o SF _6. Ka helu kaulike Ua like penei: S + 3F ₂ = SF _6. Eia kekahi, aia no he lua koho: ina kekahi lawe kekahi kameleona o ka luaipele a me nā iole o fluorine no kameleona loaa fluoride me ka Nine Inch haʻilula SF _4. Ua palapala i ka helu kaulike like penei: S + 2F ₂ = SF _4. Hiki iā'oe ke'ike, ke kau nei ma luna o ka nui o ka ho'ohui'ana i nā mea. Ma ke'ano like, hiki i ka ho'okō'ana i ka sulfur chlorination ('elua mau mea like'ole paha) hiki ke hana'ia.

'O ka pilina me nā mea'oi a'e

Ma kēia'ano,'a'ole i pau ke'ano o ka ha'alulu sulfur. Hiki i ke kino ke hana i ke kino me ke hydrogen, ka phosphorus a me ka carbon. Ma muli o ka hui pū'ana me ka hydrogen, ua ho'okumu'ia ka waiuma sulfide. No ka hopena o kāna pane'ana i nā metala, hiki ke loa'a iā lākou sulfulf, a ma ka huli like, e loa'a pono'ia e ka pilina lepo sulfur me ka mea like ho'okahi. 'O ka ho'ohui'ana o nā hāmole hydrogen i nā sulfur o nā mea wale nō e loa'a ai ma kahi ki'eki'e loa. I ka hopena o ka sulfur me ka phosphorus, kona mau'ano phosphide. Ka mea, i ka haʻilula: P ₂ S _3. No ka loaa i kekahi kameleona o ka waiwai, ka mea i pono, e lawe i elua a me ekolu iole o phosphorus iole luaipele. I ka ho'oku'i'ana o ka sulfur me ka kalapona, ua ho'okumu'ia ka carbide o ka mea'ole ke kānana. Kona Nine Inch haʻilula mea like penei: cs _2. No ka loa'a'ana o ho'okahi mole o kēia waiwai, pono'oe e lawe i ho'okahi mole o ka carbon and two moles of sulfur. 'O nā hō'ailona ho'ohui'ia i ho'ākāka'ia ma luna nei i ka manawa wale nō e wela ai nā reag i nā mahana wela. Ua no'ono'o mākou i ka pili'ana o ka sulfur me nā mea'oi, e hele ai i kahi e hiki mai ana.

Sulfur a me kahi pūnaewele pa'a

Kapa'ia ka papahana'o ia mau mea lā'au,'o nā molele i loko o ia mau mea'elua (a'oi a'e). Nine waiwai o ka luaipele ae ia i pane koke me ka hui e like me mekala 'åkilikai a me kia sulufahateʻakika. He kūlana kūikawā kona mau hana me kēia mau mea. 'O ka mea mua, e no'ono'oi ka hopena o ka hui'ana i ka non metal i nīnau'ia me ka alkali. No ka laʻana, ina ua lawe eono iole o potasiuma hydroxide a me ka pepa hou ekolu iole o ka luaipele, sulfide loaa mau iole o potasiuma no kameleona o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia sulphite a me ekolu iole o ka wai. Hiki e kāheaʻia ma keia ano o ka naoh ma na kēia helu kaulike: 6KON + 3s = 2k ₂ S + K2SO ₃ + 3H ₂ O. Na ia mau rula AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ ma ka pepa paʻakai hydroxide. 'O ka mea'ē a'e, e no'ono'o i ka hana o ka sulfur i ka ho'ohui'ia'ana i kahi wai ikaika o ka sulfate. Inā lawe mākou i ho'okahi mole o ka mua a me'elua mau moa o ka waiwai'elua, loa'a iā mākou nā huahana nei: sulfur trioxide i loko o ka nui o'ekolu mau moa, a me ka wai -'elua mau'āle. Hiki ke mālama 'ia kēia hopena ma ka ho'omehana'ana i nā reagents i kahi ki'eki'e wela.

'O ka ho'omākaukau'ana i ka mea'ole ke nānā'ia

Aia kekahi mau'ano hana e hiki ai iā'oe ke unuhi i ka sulfur mai nā mea like'ole. 'O ke kumu mua e ho'oka'awale ia mai pyrite. Nine hope haʻilula - FeS _2. Ke ho'omaha'ia kēia waiwai i kahi ki'eki'e wela'ole ka loa'a'ole o ka oxygen, hiki ke loa'a i ka sulfide hao, FeS a me ka sulfur. Ua palapala ka naoh helu kaulike like penei: FeS ₂ = FeS + S. ka lua o ka papa hana o ka hana luaipele, a ua pinepine ia ma ka hana, - he'ā sulfide luaipele, nae he uuku nui o ka oxygen. I kēia hihia, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a ka non-metal a me ka wai i mana'o'ia. No ka ho'okō'ana i ka hopena, pono pono ke lawe i nā mea i loko o ka māhele ratio o'elua a ho'okahi. Ma muli o ka hopena, loa'a iā mākou nā hua hope loa i nā heluna'elua a'elua. hiki ke palapala i ka helu kaulike o ka Nine Inch naoh like penei:, e hoomakaukau 2H ₂ S + O ₂ = 2s + 2H ₂ O. Eia hou, i ka luaipele hiki ma ka likeʻole metallurgical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, no ka mea hoike, i loko o ka? iecaianoaaiiie o ke hooheheeia e like me nikala, ke keleawe a me na mea e ae.

E ho'ohana i ka'oihana

'O ka noi lō'ihi loa o ka pā'ani'ole a mākou e no'ono'o nei aia i loko o ka'oihana chemical. E like me ka mea i'ōlelo mua'ia ma luna nei, ma laila e ho'ohana'ia no ka loa'a'ana mai o ka sulfate acid. Ho'opili'ia, ho'ohana'ia ka sulfur e like me kahi mea no ka hana'ana i nā pilina, no ka mea he mea ahi ia. He mea pono ia i ka hana'ana i nā pāhūhū, ka puhupa'u, nā kukui Bengal, a pēlā aku. Ho'ohana'ia ka sulfur e like me kekahi o nā mea hana o ka mana pale. I loko o ka lā'au lapa'au, ho'ohana'ia ia i mea hana i ka hana'ana i nā lā'au lapa'au no nā ma'i ma'i. Eia kekahi, ho'ohana'ia ka waiwai i nīnau'ia i ka hana'ana i nā mea'oko'a. Eia kekahi, ho'ohana'ia i ka hana'ana o phosphors.

'O ka'oihana'elepona o ka sulfur

E like me ka mea i'ike'ia,'o nā mana a pau he pūpū kahi e ho'onoho'ia ai nā protons - pono i nā hua'ōlelo - a me nā ku'iku'u,'o ia ho'i, nā mea nui i loa'a'ole ka uku. Ma kahi o ka lua pele, electrons rotate, o ka uku o ia mea he mea ole. No ka'ōlohelohe'ana o kekahi atom, e like ka helu like me nā protons a me nā electrons. Inā'oi aku ka mea hope loa, ua lilo ia i mea'ele'ele maoli - anion. Inā ma ka'oko'a -'oi aku ka nui o nā protons ma mua o ka helu o electrons - he lolo like kēia, ai'ole ka cation. Hiki i ka liona sulfur ke hana e like me ke koena o ka wai. He hapa ia o nā mole mole o nā mea e like me ka waikawa sulfide (hydrogen sulfipde) a me nā pale keleawe. Ho'okumu'ia ka anioni i ka wā o ka dissociation electrolytic, ka mea e hana i ka wā e pau ai ka wai i ka wai. I kēia hihia, hana ka mole i loko o ka cation, hiki ke pani'ia e like me ke kinini keleawe a me ke hydrogen, a me ka cation-ion o ke koena a me ka hydroxy (OH-). Ma muli o ka'umikumamāono o ka sulfur i loko o ka papa'aina manawa, hiki ke ho'oholo'ia aia he mau helu like'ole kekahi o nā protons. Ma ka holo'ana mai kēia mea, hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo he'umikumamāono electrons e huli puni ana. Hiki ke ho'oholo'ia ka helu o ka neutrons ma o ka unuhi'ana i ka helu helu o ka māmā mehana mai ka molar mass: 32-16 = 16.'A'ole e loli kēlā me kēia electron ma kekahi'ōnaeho. No ka mea he ho'omehana honua ka sulfur e pili ana i ke kolu o ka manawa o ka papa'aina,'ekolu mau po'oma'o e pili ana i ka hale. Ma ka mua o lāua'elua mau electrons, aia ma ka lua -'ewalu, ma ke kolu - a me ka'eono. Ua kākau'ia ke'ano o ka lolomila e like me kēia: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.

Ke ku'ikahi i ke'ano

Ma ke'ano laulā, aia ka'enemehana i nīnau'ia i loko o nā kolamu, a he mau homona o kēlā me kēia metala. 'O ka mea mua,'o kēia pyrite ka pa'akai o ka hao; 'O ia ho'i ke alaka'i, ke kālā, ke kukui keleawe, zinc blende, cinnabar - mercury sulfipde. Eia hou, hiki i ka sulfur ke komo i loko o ka papa hana o nā alumina, a'o ke'ano o ia mea e hō'ike'ia ana e'ekolu a'oi aku mau mea ho'ohālike. Eia kekahi la'ana, ka chalcopyrite, mirabilite, kieserite, gypsum. Hiki iā'oe ke no'ono'o kēlā mea kēia mea i ke kiko. Pyrite - kēia sulphide Ferrum, a FeS _2. He lanu'ōma'oma'o'ōma'oma'o me kahi hue gula. Hiki ke'ike'ia kēia mineral me he haumia lā i ka lazuli lapis, i ho'ohana mau'ia no ka hana'ana i nā mea waiwai. Loa'a kēia ma ke'ano he mau waihona ma'amau kēia mau mineral'elua. 'O ke kepau - chalcocite, ai'ole chalcosine - he mea momona-hina, e like me ke kola. He'ano like nā'ano like'ole o ke po'o (glolena) (galena) a me ke kālā (silverite). Ho'okahi like ko lākou'ano i ke'ano, he'ano hina. 'O Cinnabar kahi'ailala'ele'ele'ula'ula-'ula'ula me nā'āpana hina hina. Chalcopyrite, nona ka Nine Inch haʻilula o CuFeS _2, - gula melemele, ka mea, ua kapaia ka gula blende. Hiki iā Zinc blende (sphalerite) ke loa'a ke kala mai ka amber i ka'alani ahi. Ka paʻakai - Na ₂ ¶ ₄ x10H ₂ O - i loko o ka aniani moakaka keʻokeʻo nā pōaka. Ua ua i kapa Glauber ka paʻakai, hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Nine haʻilula kieserite - MgSO ₄ xH ₂ O. Ua akaka like keʻokeʻo paha colorless he lepo lā. Nine haʻilula gypsum - CaSO ₄ x2H ₂ O. I hou, ke Nine Inch hehee ai o kekahi hapa o na keena o ola meaola, a me ka mea he nui kumumea'āweʻaweʻa.