Na Moscow Helsinki Group - i ka pono kīvila o hui. Lyudmila Alexeyeva - ka Luna hoomalu o ka Moscow Helsinki Group

E like me ko oukou ike ana, hana 05/12/1976 Moscow Helsinki Group - he hui hoʻolaʻa i ka mālamaʻana kaʻaeʻana a me ka hapakolu o ka Helsinki aelike i loaʻa ka aloha kekahi i kekahi 'atikala. Ka mea, nā mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ke kumu kahua o pono kīvila, i ke ana o i na lala o ka pono kīvila o ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka Soviet Union i ua hoʻonānā no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ka hanaia'na o ka pūʻulu i kūkala ma ke kaomi kūkā i loko o ka hale o ka Soviet physicist Andreya Saharova.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Na Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG) i loko o ka maka o Yuri Orlov, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a me ka mua luna hoʻomalu, a hooku iho la kona Pahuhopu like penei. Ka hui, e kanaka hoʻoponopono kaʻaeʻana me ka Helsinki Kuahaua o ka USSR, a hoʻomaopopo i nā mea a pau States a i kakauinoa i kēia palapala, pu me ka Soviet Union, e pili ana i kekahi 'aʻe'.

Eia hou Yuriya Orlova, i ka pae komo pū Alexander Ginzburg, Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Natan Sharansky, Vitaly Rubin, Malva Landa, Alexander Korczak, Elena Bonner, Anatoly Marchenko, Mikhail Bernshtam Peter Grigorenko.

puʻe wale akula kēlā hōʻailona

Ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma kau iho la i ka groundwork no keʻano papa hana e kanaka hoʻoponopono kaʻaeʻana a me kā lākou mau koi. Ma 'ana, nā poʻo o nāʻaha huiʻelele e ia e Loiloi i ka kaʻaeʻana mai o nā mea a pau hoapili ia Hawaii kakau inoa i ko lakou hoakaka ana i ka makahiki o kaʻaha kūkā. Na Moscow Helsinki Group manaolana i ka ike i hoakaka ia ma luna aʻe 'ana o nā' atikala e pili ana i ka pono kīvila, e manaoia ma ia mau halawai, a ua democracies e koi i ka Soviet Union kakauinoa i ka 'aelike i loko o piha, me ka humanities' atikala. Ole e hana ai ke alakai i ka'opi o ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma, a ka Soviet alakaʻi hiki ole tolerate. Ma ka pono o ka Soviet Union ka mea, ua i malama he loa lucrative aelike iā ia, lawe aʻela i loko no o ka mea i ka aina i hookahe keʻokeʻo lōʻihi hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka koena o ko ke ao nei, a me ka naau hoopupule keia mea kaua heihei.

ka hoʻokō hana

I ka pono kīvila o hui, a oia no wale he umikumamakahi na hoa, i ole e huhūʻoukou iā e hiki ke kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka holoʻokoʻa nui mokuna o ka Soviet Union. E ho'ōla MHG mau lala, ua like me powerless me nā mea a pau nā kanaka o ka USSR, a me kā lākou mau lako a pau o lakou a mau kahiko typewriters. Ma ka kekahi lima, Moscow Helsinki pae komo pū inā pilikia ka haumāna defenders mea hōʻiliʻili ma ka manawa he nui nui o ka mea ma luna o ka loli ana o kanaka. A, haole Radio wahi ka hoʻoleleʻana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Soviet Union, mau piha i ka mooolelo o ka Moscow Helsinki Group, a hoomaka iho la e loaa ia 'ike e pili ana i ka pono kīvila aʻe' ana ma ka aina. I ka pau, nā lālā o ka hui, hoopii aku i ka activists o Ukrainian, Lituania, Keokia a me ka Armenian aupuni neʻeʻana.

I ka 6 makahiki o kona ola, i ka pae ua i, a hāʻawiʻIa aku ai i ka West ma kahi o 195 hōʻike o ka pono kīvila aʻe 'ana i loko o ka Soviet Union. Mau hoike no 'ike e pili ana i na kapu ma ka akau, e hoʻohana i ko lakou olelo makuahine, e loaa ia hoʻonaʻauao i loko o kā lākou' ōlelo, a no laila, ma luna o. D. haipule activists (Baptists, Adventists, Pentecostals a me ka Kakolika) hai e pili ana i ka 'aʻe' ana o nā kānaka apau ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomana. Poe kanaka, ka poe i ole lala o kekahi hana, haʻi 'ole-kaʻaeʻana a me ka hapakolu o ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma, a ua ae aku, mai kekahi ia lakou iho a me kā lākou i wae.

he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi maoli

Hope, e hahai ana i ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka Moscow Helsinki Group, ma November 1976, i hana Lituania a Ukrainian Helsinki Group, ma January 1977 - Georgia, ma April - Armenian, ma December 1976 - ka Kalikiano Komite no ka hoomalu ana i ka pono o ka manaoio ma ka Soviet Union ma November 1978 g. - ka Hui Komite no ka hoomalu ana i na kuleana o ka manaoio. Helsinki Komite iʻikeʻia i loko o Poland, a Czechoslovakia.

naoh

Ma Pepeluali 1977, Ukrainian a me Moscow pūʻulu o ka hopu 'ana i hoomaka ai. Kekahi o ka mea mua hopu i ka luna hoʻomalu o MHG Yuri Orlov. May 18, 1978ʻo ia i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i 7 makahiki hao me ka paakiki hana a me 5 makahiki o ke pio. Ke kahua manaʻo i kona mau hana like Anati-Soviet manaʻo pīhoihoi, a propaganda i ke olonā wāwae o ka Soviet moku'āina a me ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele. Lune 21 ka ia makahiki Vladimir Slepak i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i 5 makahiki o ke pio. June 14, Natan Sharansky i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i 3 makahiki ma ka hale paʻahao, a me nā makahiki he 10 ma ka ikaika-? Eia e hoʻomoana ai.

Ma ka Akuma ka o 1977 ka mea, i ua hoonele ia o ke ku okoa ana no ka oi mamua o 50 lala o ka Helsinki nā pūʻulu. He nui no ia i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka loa o ka hale paʻahao hua'ōlelo, kekahi make mua ko lakou kala.

I ka nalu o ke kūpaʻa

O Media ma kemokalaka'āina - hui o ka Soviet Union ma ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma uhi i ka Helsinki kaʻina hana, a me ka hoomaau ana o kona mau lala i loko o ka USSR a me kona Hawaii ukali. Ka lehulehu i loko o kēia mau'āina reacted i keia hoomaau ana e pili ana i ko lakou mau hui a me ka Helsinki Komite.

Ma ka hanaia'na o ka American Helsinki Group ia i kūkala i loko o Dekemaba o ka makahiki 1978. Similar a papa hana hope i waho ma Canada a me kekahi Western 'Eulopa'āina. Lākou pahuhopu nui mea, e hooki aku i ka hoomaau ana o kā lākou nā hoapili, a no ka mana a puʻe ma luna o lākou ke aupuni aupuni e ikaika koi mai ka Soviet Union o ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma o ke kanawai.

Na hua o ka hana

Ua hanau kēia hoʻoikaikaʻana i ka hua. E hoʻomaka ana me ka Madrid hālāwai kūkā ma October 1980, ua hele mai i na hālāwai kemokalaka Hawaii aoao elua ua hoʻoholo like leo, i ka i kēia mau koi. Ke kiʻekiʻe o kaʻaeʻana i nā kuleana o ke kolu o ka "hinai" lilo kekahi o na kumu nui, ao ke ano o ka Helsinki kaʻina. Iloko o ka Vienna kūkā o ka makahiki 1986, i kakauinoaia ka i nā Hola Pūnaewele, e like me a i ka pono kīvila o kahua ma ka aina - aoao a hiki i ka 'aelike ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ka manao o ka mea a pau na signatories.

Pela, ke Moscow Helsinki Group lilo i ka hua, i hanau i ka hoʻonohonoho 'Helsinki neʻeʻana. He ua me ka ulu ole ma ka maʻiʻo o ka Helsinki kaʻina. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka diplomacy, pâʻani 'o ia pono kīvila hui he kūlana ma ka waena o-moku'āina ae like ana. Ke Soviet Union i ua hoopiiia o ka 'aʻe aloha kekahi i kekahi' atikala ma ke kumu o nā palapala i hoakaka ia ma ka Moscow, Ukrainian a me Lituania pūʻulu.

Gorbachev thaw

Ma lalo o puʻe mai ka kemokalaka aina,ʻaʻole wale nō Moscow pae "Helsinki", akā, no hoi i na kanaka a nele o ko lākou noho kauwa ole ana no ka pili 'atikala o ka Soviet karaima Code, i ka 1987, ka mea i hoʻokuʻuʻia. I ka makahiki 1990, i haawiia mai Soviet poe kanaka i ka pono a hiki i ka 'elele i haʻalele a hoʻi i ke aupuni, e hooki aku i ka hoomaau ana i manaoio.

Ka hoao ana i loaa i loko o ka papa o ka pili alu like 'ana me ka ' ole-hui a papa hana, ka mea, ua lewa i loko o ka mea ana i ka OSCE i ka mua lahui 'ē aʻe e me ia i loko o ka hana kaʻina hana like like hoa. Ma ka hālāwai kūkā ma ka hōʻike 'Ana o na elele o ka ole-hui i ka hoʻolālā komo' ana ma luna o ke kumu o ka parity me kūhelu ka poeikohoia o ka OSCE Aupuni Lālā, a me ka mea i haawiia mai ai ka olelo ma ka like wawae eha.

Back i loko o nā kaua

MHG, a iloko o kona hoʻokumuʻo ua ka wale kuokoa ole-hui hui i loko o ka Soviet Union, Radio manawa he alakai kūlana i loko o ka pono kīvila o ka hele a me na hui, a i hana i loko o ka Russian Hui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pulakaumaka o ka Moscow Helsinki Group mau e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka pono kīvila o kulana. I kēia lā, akā naʻe, ka mea, ua lawe mai,ʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o ka muli o aloha kekahi i kekahi 'atikala o ka Helsinki i ke kuʻikahi ma, akā, no hoi me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Lūkini Kumukanawai, ke Europa Convention no ka' ohana ka palekana o PONO KĪVILA a me kīvila a me nā hoʻonohonoho 'kuikahi ma ka pono kīvila o kakau inoa ia e ka Lūkini Hui.

Lyudmila Mihaylovna Alekseeva MHG alai ai i ka 1996. Ekolu makahiki mua,ʻo ia hoʻi i Moscow, mai ke pioʻana i loko o Feberuari 1977 ma ka United States. A pau i ke ana o ka wahine hoʻomau i ka hana i loko o ka pono kīvila hui, a i alakai aku ai i ka hōʻike o ka Radio "Liberty" a me ka "Voice o America".

I ka 2012 i hele mai i loko o ka ikaika o kekahi kānāwai hou o ka Russian Hui, ka mea, ua nānā 'ia ka Moscow Helsinki Group - he haole Agena e hookipa mai i dala, mai kahi'ē, a me ka pili' o Randy i waho. E kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka stigma mea i Hawaiʻi nei, ua hoʻohana like me ka hua'ōlelo'ālike no ka hua'ōlelo "ike aku la i", ke hui hoʻoholo i kaupalena ia makou iho, e kōkua Lūkini kanaka.

he pono uku

I ka 2015, Lyudmila Alexeyeva no poʻokela hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka pono kīvila i loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki Vatslava Gavela. Me ke kanaka ole no € He 60,000 kānaka ma ka hana pili paʻa ma ka Palace o Europe i loko o Strasbourg i ka lā o ka hoʻomaka o ka hōʻike weheana Ahaolelo o ke Kou hale kanawai Ahaolelo, uuku ae Pelekikena Anne Brasseur mai la oia i ka pono kīvila o activist, i luna o na dute, e kaua ana no ka pono, ka mea, ua hooeueuia lakou mau hanauna o Lūkini a me ka haole activists . No ka makahiki, Alexeyeva hooweliweli, ua lilo ia hana, a ua hoʻoikaika e haʻalele i ke aupuni e e hiki ke hoʻomau i ke kamailio e pili ana i ka pono kīvila aʻe 'ana i loko o ka Soviet Union. Ua e nā luna o ka Moscow Helsinki Group - Freethinkers ole-hui hui, a ua pinepineʻalo me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha, akā nō mau, e ho'āhewa aku i ka mea o ka hewa a me ke kōkuaʻia.

ho'āhewa wale e hoʻomau

Nei, ma ka Ewa o ka 40th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka MHG moku'āina TV Kanal "Rusia-1" a hooku iho la "Documentary", a he mau mea i 'ōlelo i kū'ē alakaʻi Alexei Navalny loaa hoʻolako' ia o mai o Beritania manao, a me me ke kōkua o ke Moscow Helsinki Group. Ua Ua hoʻouna 'ia "palapala" a me ka "palapala", allegedly e hoike ana i kona ano laulea me ke poo o ka waihona kālā waiwai kūʻai "ʻeleʻele, Capital" William Browder. Ka Ikepili o ka "pono" MI6 a me CIA hoikeia mai i ka mea nui i loko o ka maoli'ōlelo, a me nā hewa typical o Lūkini kākau. Luna hoomalu o ka Moscow Helsinki Group hoomalau i ka hoopiiia o ka moku'āina Media, i ka i ana ia i kala mai Alekseya Navalnogo oia, aole loa i loaa i kekahi ke dala a me ka ia i ole haawi. Pono kīvila o activist mai la oia i ka Moscow Helsinki Group, a me ka kaʻoihana kālā 'aʻole i hoʻomaka kālā hana, e like me ka hoʻokomo' ana o ke dala ma ka pa dala, i hoʻoili.

Apparently, kekahi hoao e tarnish i ka Moscow Helsinki Group a me ke kue nele pepehi hoomainoino ia.