Life a me ka hana ana o Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich i hānau i loko o 1891, 3 (15) o Mei. He Ua hanau ia ma Kiev. Makua o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo - Barbara M. (Nee uwao), he kumu, ma hope o - ke Kahu Kula ma luna o nā wāhine o ka papa. Makua - like me ka kumu,ʻo ia hana ma ka Kiev Theological Academy. Michael i ke keikikane i loko o ka ohana nui ma ka a, ua moʻomeheu kuʻuna Hawaiʻi, ua nui ikaika. ʻike hoʻokumu Bulgakov a me kona Kawaihae, e hōʻike mākou i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Study i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, kuko no ka hana keaka, moʻokalaleo, mare

Education paʻa kona mua ma Kiev gymnasium. I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo puka 'o ia mau wale kaha maikaʻi - e like me ke kānāwai o ke Akua, a me ka hana kemika. I keia manawa, ua hoihoi ia ma keaka (ike, no ka laʻana, ma ka naau "Aida" a me ka "Faust") heluhelu "enthusiastically" Saltykov- Shchedrina a me Gogol hoi hou i ka huina hoonui mua, i hana Bulgakov kaulana.

I ka 1907, make aku la kona makuakane. I ka 1913, Bulgakov mare HI Lappe.

hana kauka

Ka manawa mai ka 1916 a hiki i 1917 - i ka hopena o ka Kiev University, kahi āna i aʻo i ka'āuna kumu o Medicine. Hookuu mai i ka leo kahea o ka maʻi, ke i hoihoi i loko o ka mea kākau hele ai i ka Zemstvo a hiki i ka mākaʻikaʻi haukapila. Kēia wahi i aia i loko o ke kauhale o Nikolskoye (Smolensk panalaau). A ma hope kekahi, i kona hele ana i Vyazma. "Notes o kekahi keiki kauka" Ua kākau ma muli o ka ike i loaa mai i keia manawa.

Me ka hana pono ma Kiev

I ka 1918 Bulgakov hoi ia Kiev, kahi ana i hoao mai ana e komo ma ka 'inikua hoʻomaʻamaʻa (malū - pehea volnopraktikuyuschy venereal maʻi). I keia manawa, e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo,ʻo ia, ua kapaʻia me ke kauka i loko o ka hana kūpono ma nā mea a pau i nā luna a pau ku i ke kulanakauhale. Akā, Bulgakov e hoʻokele e pakele ai, a ma ka Red Army, a mai Petliura, "komo '" ia ia.

Koa lawelawe, 'oihana hana o ka moʻokalaleo

I 1919-1920 na kēia mau hanana ana i loko o ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Bulgakov i "mobilized" Denikin, a hoouna aku la i ka North Caucasus me ka echelon. Hereʻo ia i komo i loko o ka 'oihana moʻokalaleo: i keia manawa, ua ka mua moʻolelo i loko o nā nūpepa o Vladikavkaz a me Grozny, a noonoo i ka neʻeʻana o ke keʻokeʻo walohia, pokole me he "Home Land pakalaki," i ka abdication o Rotehama II, etc. He Ua komo nō me ke kauka i loko o ke kaua. Denikin, emi ma lalo o ka hae o ka Red Army, kiola typhus Bulgakov e pale no lakou iho, i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ke poho, i loko o kēia mau "hoa-ma-kaua." Mr Mikhail hoʻomaka me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o kaʻulaʻula iiaciiie-mahele hana ma na mea akamai. Kona ha awina ua lono e pili ana Chekhov a me Pushkin, kākau no ka mea kūloko keaka ka hana keaka, kekahi o ka a, i kapaia ka "Paris kamaʻilio",ʻo ia a hiki aku la i Moscow, e hilinai ana i ka pomaikai o ka hoʻolaha ma loko o kēia kūlanakauhale o ka Competition.

Neʻe maila i Moscow

I ka 1921, Mr Mikhail hiki ma Moscow, kahi i hele aku ai, e hana ma ka lāʻau kū o ka kakauolelo i loko o ka palapala, ai 'Oihana ma ka People ka Commissariat. I ka huli o ka hana ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka NEP, ua make pinepine hoʻololi i kona wahi o ka hana: he luna hoʻoponopono ma ka chronicle o kekahi o ka uku nupepa, entertainers, nā kānakaʻenehana, etc. I ka Ia manawa ia kikiʻo ma luna o nā kīhāpai, he kanaka, ke kaiāulu keʻena hale, a no i ka paka Hookah. Ua nui na manawa e oi aku keʻena №50, e hana ana i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka hana ana e mai i ka hana o Bulgakov.

I ka 1922, Mr Mikhail 'Imi paiia ma ka ahakanaka - ma Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke e like me "puhi", "hana", "Red Magazine no a pau", "Railroad", "Krasnaya Niva" a me na mea e ae.

Alu like 'ana i loko o ka "hora leo", hou na hana, a me ka hou ka mare

Ka manawa mai ka 1922 a hiki i 1926 - alu like 'ana me ka nūpepa ma lalo o ka inoa "pio aku" a pai "Ewa" ma Pelelina Lūkini nupepa, nona ka hoʻoponopono - HE Tolstoy, i ia manawa i hiki mai, mai ke pio.

Life a me ka hana ana o Bulgakov i loko o nā makahiki 1923-1924, e haawi aku ai ia i ka hahai nui hanana elua. I ka 1923 kahi mea akaka i ka puke "memo a pau ma luna o ka cuffs." ʻO kēia ka makahiki, Mr Mikhail me L. E. Belozerskoy, hoi mai hoʻokuewa wale 'ia i loko o Paris, mare ia.

I ka makahiki 1925, Bulgakov ka hana mau. Ikeia "Diaboliad" - o ka mua ohi, oia hoi o satirical moʻolelo. Alaila kii aku ana a me ka ohi ana i nā moʻolelo i kapaʻia "kahi ona e hua". Kēia makahiki no hoi ia i ka hanaia'na o ka puke "Heart o ka Dog" - he hana ia i paʻiʻia wale nō ma hope o 60 makahiki.

Huli Bulgakov

Ma May 1926, i alakaʻi Bulgakov ma ka OGPU huli, hopu i ka luna i kākau lima, e like me diaries. Mea kākau, Ua haawiia pinepine ae nonoi aku la ia ia, e hoʻi i kēia mau mea, aʻaʻole noho i ka poe noi, i pane, wahi a ka mea e koke mai e hoʻoikaika mai o ka Russian Union o ka mea kākau defiantly. Mahope iho o keia pepa, a me ka palapala o "ka Heart o ka Dog" Bulgakov hoi aku la.

Nā hana o 1925-1928 makahiki

I nā makahiki 1925-1926 hele mai i ka pōʻaiapuni "Bay", e like me ka ohi ana o pōkole nā moʻolelo ma hope mai "Notes o ka opiopio kauka."

No ka manawa, mai ka makahiki 1925 a hiki i 1927 makahiki i na kēia mau hanana. puke "The White koa," i hanaia. Ma o kona wehewehe ana i ka hula "Lā o Turbin" i kākau, a haawi i ka 1926, i ke Kuhina Nui ma ka Moscow Art Kino i paʻa i ka ia manawa.

Mai 1926 a hiki i 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, kona ola a me ka hana imua o loko o keia pepa, kakau iho la oia i ka hula i kapaia "holo", wale i ka 1957, ia lakou i ike ai i ka hoolohe.

I ka 1926 i ka hula "Zoyka keʻena" i hana, a i o ke kahua ma ka Vakhtangov Kino. A me ka "Lā o Turbin," ka mea i koke Mamao aku ma muli o ke tendentious noʻonoʻo loi puʻe.

I ka 1928 - hoʻokahi hou apana no ke keaka ( "ulaula Island"). Ua Ua haawiia i ke keʻena o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka ia makahiki, nae, a me keia manawa kokoke koke i banned ka hula.

Ka loiloi o kaʻike hoʻokumu Bulgakov ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi

Ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi hopena o 1920s oaeuiinoe i ka hana o ko Mikhail Bulgakov ka ia io. Kana mau hana i paʻi i, e mai pāʻani ma luna o ke kahua. No ka laʻana, he ike io loa e pili ana i ka hula o Stalin ka "holo", a, ma kona manao, o "Anati-Soviet kŰia." "Wao pepa" i kapaia o ka alihi kaua o ka "ulaula Island". Ka hopena o ka hoomaau - Bulgakov Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka i mua i pinepine ia ma ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o ka hui' ana me ka Soviet Aupuni, koe me ka hana, a no ia mea, me ka mea, kākau "ke Aupuni o ka USSR," i ka palapala, a hoouna mai ia i ka helu kuhi henua ehiku o kekahi mau kulanui o ka mana. Ke ho'āʻo nei e ike i ko lakou hopena, oia wehewehe ia ma ka palapala i kona mea kākau i ka kulana, i ka i ana ana aʻoi i keʻOiʻenehana Nui o ka Evolution Nui, i ka nui maoli, ma kona manao, o ka holo papa o ka mōʻaukala. No kekahi keʻena Mihailu Afanasevichu i ka 1930. Ma April 18, oia Nokia Stalin ia ia iho, a me ka hopena o keia kamailio ana, ke kākau'ōlelo mai ai, e hōʻike i hana i loko o ka Moscow Art Kino. Tacit ano o ka aelike i ka hanaia'na hoolea aku i ka hana o ka alihi kaua. Hope, i ka 1939, i kākau i ka play, noa i ka ' "Batum", i kāna moʻolelo o "alakaʻi Young mau." Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole hoʻi kona maʻiʻo, aole hoi ka leo o ka kakou kamailio ana mana iʻole nō paha.

Hana i loko o ka Moscow Art Kino

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka hana i loko o ka Moscow Art Theatre Bulgakov ka ola a me ka hana i hoʻololi me ka nui loa. Bulgakov mai ke kinohi o ka 1930 i loko o ka hale kiaka ua malama ia me ka Hope mea kuhikuhi. Ua pili ia i kēia wā o kona ola kuko ino Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), ka mea ma hope lilo ia i wahine nāna.

He Radio "Adamu laua me Ewa" ikeia i ka 1931. Iloko o keia a me nā kēia makahiki, i palapala mai i ke staging o Tolstoy ka "Kaua a me ka maluhia" ma ke kauoha o ka Bolshoi hana keaka Kino. Naʻe, i kēia hana ana ia,ʻaʻole ala hou.

I ka 1932, ua he kahua ka hoʻololiʻana o Gogol ka "make ula". Hoi aku la i ka Mea Nānā (ma ka pilikino mea o Stalin ka) "Lā o turbines."

hana keaka i kapaia "Ka Cabal o ka poe hookamani!" i hanaia i loko o nā makahiki 1930-1936, e kau i ka 1943. Kēia i mua ma ka hana ma luna o "ka Life o Monsieur de Ka Moliere," he biographical moʻolelo, i loko o 1932-1933. Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma ka 1962.

Kekahi apana, "oluolu", nolaila ia i kuu i ka makahiki 1934 (i paʻi a 1966).

Ma 1934-1935 GG. mai hana keaka me ke kuleana "The Last Na", o ke kahua ma luna o ka loa i ka 1943. Ma mua ia i komo ai i loko o neʻepapa me V. V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov hoowahawaha mai "rework"

Ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1934 a hiki i 1936 ua koho ia e na kēia mau hanana. Aia mea he hula Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Ua lawe mai i ka loleʻana ma ke Kino o Satire hana i hoihoi pono ma mua o ka Ka Mua. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo no ka manawa, mai 1928 a hiki i 1936, ole i kekahi mea ia i paʻiʻia, e like me ka pono me ia ma ke kahua mai he hookahi apana, a ho mua hana MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail stubbornly aole e "hoololi",'ōlelo iā ia (no ka laʻana, "reforge" kekahi keʻokeʻo luna mai o ka huina hoonui "holo" e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni pü maila mele "ulaula Island," a pela aku).

Nā hana

I nā makahiki 1936-1937 "moʻolelo keaka wale puke" Ua hana (paʻa hapa hana). Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma ka 1965.

Bulgakov i ka 1938, i ka mea hula i kapaia "Don Quixote." Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka 1930 a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ana no hoi e hana i kana hana kaulana loa, a ua maopopo nä haumäna i kēia lā i loko o ka wahi mua, këia i ka hana o Bulgakov - "Na Kumu a me Margarita".

Bulgakov i ka 1940, make ma Moscow mai hakuʻala maʻi, i kona 'ohana i hereditary (hele ia mai ka makua kāne i ka mea kākau).

Kēia ke hoʻoholo 'ia ke ola a me ka hana ana o Mikhail Bulgakov - ua e' ike me ka Classic o Lūkini moʻokalaleo.