Louis XVI: he manawa pōkole Kawaihae, keiki

Korol Lyudovik XVI i hānau i loko o ka Palace o Versailles August 23, 1754. He hoi, i loaa i ka inoa o ke Duke o Berry. Kona makua kāne i ka Dauphin (hooilina prsetola) Louis Ferdinand, ka mea, ma ka huli, ua ke keiki a Farani, King Louis XV.

kamaliʻi

E like me ke keiki, i ke keiki i ka lua o ka ehiku keiki. Kona kaikuaʻana i ka namesake, ka poe i make ma ka makahiki o ka 9 i ka 1761. Ia Lyudovik Ros i loko o kona malu, i ka makua i i nana ole ia. He ua leʻaleʻa o ka huli holoholona, a pinepine hele aku la i ke aliʻi kupuna kāne. Once i ka 1765, mai tuberculosis, make o kona makua kāne, i ka dauphin ka inoa i hooholoia i ka keiki 11-makahiki-kahiko. Hoomaka ae la kona manaʻo aʻo e hoomakaukau ai no ka noho aliʻi, aʻo ia i ili mai o kona kupunakane ka manawa.

hooilina

I ka 1770, i ka wā e hiki mai Louis XVI, ka mea i 15 makahiki, mare ia Marie Antoinette. Ua ua i ka hoahānau o ka Dauphin ma kaʻaoʻao o kona makuwahine, a ua i ke kaikamahine o ka Mea Hemolele Roma aupuni a pau o ka Emperor Manuela I. reacted ka Palani lehulehu me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha i ka mare ana, e like me nei ke aupuni i mua komo i loko o oia i kuikahi me ka'Aukekulia aupuni mō'ī a me ka waiho wale aku no i nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa pio i loko o ka makahiki ehiku 'War (1756 - 1763). A laila, Ua lilo nui panalāʻau ma North America, me ka nou ana la o UK. Kau i kekahi mau no ka lōʻihi manawa hiki ole i hua, no ka mea, o ka a, a hiki ma Farani, ua stinging pepelu ka heluna i ke ola kino theme like Louis. Eia naʻe, mai ka 1778 a hiki i 1786, ua hanau 4 keiki (2 keiki kāne a me 2 kaikamahine).

Ke kaikaina hooilina, ma kona ano maoli loa okoa mai ka ikaika kupuna kāne. Ke keiki ua hilahila, maluhia, uku, a i ole pono i loko o ka laila aloaliʻi.

mihi

I ka 1774, Louis XV make, a me ka noho aliʻi o ke hou ke alii i kukulu - Louis XVI. Monarch a makemake me ka manaʻo o ka mālamalama, no ka mea, o ka mea koke hoʻokuʻu he nui imua o ka poe lawelawe, a kuhikuhipuʻuone a o ka hope noho alii ana, i maopopo reactionary. Ma 'ana, mai ka Aha i excommunicated Madame Du Barry, ke Kaulike, a no laila, ma luna, E. Ka hoʻomaka' ana o nā mea hoʻololi nona ma ka rejection o feudalism, i me ka nui loa hoemiia i loko o ke aliʻi entourage koina. Pau kēia mau loli Ua loaa i ka noi o Farani hui, i makemake i na liberties a me ka hoopau ana i ka domination o na Aupuni.

Ka nui muli o loaa hou 'ia ma ke kahua o ka waiwai. Ua kohoia Comptroller Nui ma keia manao Turgot, ka mea i paa pili me na nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. He manao e redistribute auhau, hoonui auhau me kiekie ae pono-i Hoʻohana o ke kaiāulu. na oihana pūnaewele i hao aku kalepa, i luku ai i ka monopoly i hoopauia. Kuai berena ua noa, a ua loa kōkua ai i nā ke ola ana o ke kua'āina ka papa i i ka mea uuku loa mea e ola. I ka 1774, i nā parliaments, a hana i ka mana o ka hookolokolo a me ka predstvitelnyh kino i ua ola.

makeʻe kulana e kū'ē'ē mai

Mawaena o na makaainana, a pau kēia mau manaʻo ike enthusiastically. Akā, i ka luna strata o Farani ke kaiāulu ku i ka HOU hoʻoili ma ka Korol Lyudovik XVI. Ke ano hanohano, a me ka clergy i makemake i ko lakou mau pomaikai, e lilo. Noho iho la na koi e koho i ke kulana o ka Turgot, oia no ka papa kuhikuhiE ulu no ka loli. Louis XVI ike okoa maopopo ano, a, nolaila, ua lilo i ka hanohano. Ua hoʻokuʻu Turgot, a me ka waiwai, i lilo ai anarchy. Ke hou kuhina a me nā man- akia hiki ole ke hana i kekahi mea me ka hoʻonui puka i loko o ka Bedroom, akā, wale lawe hou loan, mai mea noi. Aie i pili me ka emi ma ka uku auhau loaa. Eia hou, kuai i loko o ke aupuni hiki ole e hele i ka hou Track i kekahi manawa, i mea kumu ka waiwai ulia i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, a me e pili ana i ka nele o ka berena.

ʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai

E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, i loko o nā makahiki 80th o Louis XVI, a Mariya Antuanetta i ho'āʻo i kaʻoihana kaʻa i loko o ka hoʻololi Palani kaiāulu. Mākou i hoomaka ai ka hoike ana mua o ka loan-mihi nona ma smoothing ka'ano'ē loli i koe ma hope o Turgot.

Ua paa hou lāʻau kū o ka ilamuku a me na lunakanawai i ka Apana Estate. Haku hoi aku la i ka oihana, kahi e uku emi auhau. I keia, kena ae la unrest ma kaiāulu. Ua i hauʻoli i nā kaukaualiʻi a pau o ka maopopo 'ana o ke alii, na makaainana o ka pilikia-yeiiiie?, A me ko na kauwa, mai ka hoomaka nā mea hoʻololi i curtailed.

I ia manawa, France i komo i loko o ke Kaua o ke Kuokoa, i weheia ma North America. Kipi panalāʻau loaa i ke kākoʻo i ka mea, ua hoomakaukau Louis XVI. Ke hana, e hoonawaliwali i ka UK koi 'ia e hana ma ka hookahiʻaoʻao me nā revolutionaries. Ka mea, ua kokoke hana no ka piha aupuni mō'ī, kekahi o i ua nō Louis XVI. Pōkole Kawaihae o ke alii mai nei i ke kulekele o ke alii, kena ae la'ōhumu mai me kona "nā hoapili" - ka'Aukekulia na'lii, Rusia, a no laila, ma luna o ..

I ka Ia manawa he nui Palani luna, kekahi kaua ma Amerika, hoi okoa kanaka. Ka mea, ua malihini i ka mea kahiko mea o ka'āina, kahi feudalism nō lanakila. Over o ka moana, a lakou i manao ia e like me ke ku okoa ana. Ka luna loa kaulana o kēia ahu iho la ua Zhilber Lafayet.

kālā hoʻoponopono ulia

I ka lua o ka hapalua o na 80s Ua kaha maha ma ka hou kālā ho'āʻo ma ka moku'āina. Hapa-ana ia ia e ke alii a me kana poe kauwa lawelawe, ua untenable no i kona ineffectiveness. New ana i ka mālama 'ia o ka hale kanawai, i pono i ua wahahee i ka hooponoia auhau. Ua i mālama 'ia e Louis XVI. Photos nā kiʻi a me kona kiʻi hōʻike mākou smartly kahikoia Mō'ī, oiai ma ka State oo ulia. O ka holo ana, i kēia customizable he nui e ku e ia i ke aliʻi. Hale kanawai hoole i ka auhau hou auhau, ma hope i ka mea i hoopuehuia, a ua hopu i kekahi o kona mau lala. Ua huhuʻaneʻane a pau i loko o ke aupuni. E like me kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, ka mea i hooholoia, e mālama i ka Huiia-Nui.

ka States-Nui

Ka mua halawai ana o ka hou Luna kino iloko i ka 1789. Loko ka mea, he mau enemi pūʻulu ia ho okoa kaiapili strata. Ma 'ana, ka Apana Estate hai aku ia ia iho i ka National Ahaolelo, a kono i ke ano hanohano, a me ka clergy e hui i ka hou he mokuahana. Ua ua, he mea kēia ma luna o ka mana o ka Mō'ī, e noʻonoʻo pono i ke Akua-haawi mai ai. 'Aʻe' o nui ai mamua mooolelo i ola i loko o ke aupuni no na kenekulia, i manaoia e ka National Ahaolelo ua hoʻonoho iho i ka leo o na kanaka.

Mai ke kolu o ka waiwai i ka hapa nui i loko o ka States-Nui, ia wahi i ke alii i ka olelo ku paa ma ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke kahiko o ka papa. Ua ano o ia manawa Louisʻalo i koho: e limanui hoike mai i ka Huiia Nui, a, e waiho i ko lakou mau olelo. Monarch i kekahi manawa hou i hōʻike ai kona makemake, eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, a me ka ia i ao aku i na clergy a me ka hanohano, e hui i kaʻahahui. He lilo iho la i kekahi Kumukanawai alii.

uprising

Kēia huli o nā hanana i huhu makeʻe kulana oihana mua o Farani hui, a mau ia e nui a me ka ikaika. E kue Louis Hoolohe i na makualii a me nā aliʻi, ka mea i koi e komo i ka Paris poʻe kaua, a me ka resignation o na initiators o'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi. Kēia i hana.

Ma hope iho o ia, nā kupa o Paris ma ke akea prekratilii hoolohe i ke alii, a kipi. July 14, 1789 Ua pio ka Bastille - ka hale paʻahao, a me ka hōʻailona o ka absolutism. kekahi luna aupuni a me nā aliʻi i make. Ka loa nui naʻau i loko hoomaka ae la e lilo huahelu o ka National koa, i mālama ai e pale aku i ka pomaikai ana o ke kipi. A hou hoʻoweliweli, Louis hele hoʻi ma luna o concessions ma withdrawing kaua mai Paris, a hele mai i ka National Malu.

Ma ke poo o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana

Ma hope iho o ka lanakila o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana hoomaka'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi. Ua luku aku ia ka mua ma ka feudal'ōnaehana, i ola ma Farani, mahope mai o ka Middle Ages. I ka mea ia manawa i nā mahina o ka Moi i ka liu o kona aoao i mea e hanaia a puni. Power au mai o kona mau lima. All lehulehu kulanui i ua lōlō ma ke kapikala a me loko o ka aina. Kekahi kanawai o keia loli i ka nalowaleʻana o ka berena, mai Paris. Black, e noho ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, i loko o ka huhū ho'āʻo e hoopilikia i ka hale käkela o Versailles, a i ka noho ana o Louis.

koi i ke aliʻi i nā kipi, no laila, neʻe akulaʻo ia iā Paris, mai na wahi e pili ana. I ke poʻo, ka mō'ī i ka de Na facto mea pani o na revolutionaries. Ua lākou pōʻai o nā kākoʻo ulu repubalika.

I kaʻohana aliʻi, hoi, pihoihoi iho la ia. Louis XVI, i nā keiki a ka Mō'ī a me ka entourage a pau i ka oi kalele iho ma luna o Marii Antuanetty, ka mea i ikaika kū'ē i nā revolutionaries. Ua koi kana kane, e imi i ke kōkua o na luna la, i i ka makaʻu no rampant noa-thinkers ma Farani.

King e pakele ai

Aie i ka mea i ke aliʻi i koe i loko o Paris, hoʻokahuli aupuni 'ana i loaa loio i connotation. Ma Versailles, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka pakele ana o Louis XVI. He makemake e ku ma ke poo o ka Anati-hoʻokahuli aupuni koa, a ia ma kahi e, kahi i hiki ke hoowalewaleia, e alakaʻi i ka malama pono koa. I ka 1791, i ka holoʻokoʻa aliʻi ohana incognito haʻalele Paris, akā, ua hōʻike 'a hopu ia ma Varennes.

E hoola i ke ola, Louis mai la oia i hoopau ai i ke kākoʻo i nā hoʻololi'ano'ē i loko o ke aupuni. I keia manawa France ano i hoomakaukauia no ka hamama kue i na monarchies Europa, ka poe i makau i hoao i ka kahiko mea ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole. I ka 1792, Louis, mea nae ma ka lepo keg, hai mai la ke kaua ma luna o Austria.

Eia naʻe, ua hele hewa ke kai eʻe mai ka loa kinohi mai. 'Aukekulia hapa o ka ma Farani a me ia uaʻaʻole loihi mai Paris. hoomaka ae la ke kūlanakauhale anarchy, a me ka mea hou kipi hoopio aliʻi hale. Ua hoouna aku Louis, a me kona ohana i ka hale paʻahao. September 21, 1792ʻo ia i kauoha aku wehe i kona poo alii, a lilo iho la i maʻamau kupa me ka inoa o Capet. Ua kukalaia First Repubalika ma Farani.

Trial a me ka hooko

Ka naueue kulana o ka mea i paa i ka hope ke olonā wāwae o kona mua kākela i ka palekana malu i loaʻa ka anamanaʻo palapala a me nā palapala i loaʻa ka wā. Ua lilo'ē aʻe i kaʻohana aliʻi ua intriguing ku ei ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, ka nui, ka mea imi kōkua mai na luna haole. I keia manawa, na radicals i wale e kali ana no i ka olelo e, e pakele o Louis.

No laila, i ka hookolokolo ana a me ka interrogation i loko o ka Convention. i ua kauoha me ka miomio o ke aupuni, e malu ai ke alii mua. Ke Kuikahi hoʻoholo i ka hoopii hewaʻiʻo make. Ka hooko ana o Louis XVI i paʻa January 21, 1793. A hiki ia iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka'āwai, i kana mau olelo hope i ka ninau o ka hopena o ka huakaʻi, Jean-Fransua Deʻia e Lā Perousa. Marie Antoinette i ke poo o kekahi mau mahina ma hope, ma October.

Hooko o ke alii, alakai aku ai i ka mea e nā mō'ī Europa, eia hui pu e ku e ia o ka Lepupalika. Ka lono no ka make ana o Louis, kena ae la ke a kaua England, Spain, a me ka Netherlands. A iki hope Rusia hui i kaʻahahui.