Nine waiwai o ka paʻakai, a epekema no lākou hoomalolo

Paʻakai - waiwai pili ana i ka papa o'okanikaʻole i huiʻia, a iloko o ka anion (ʻakika koena) a me ka cation (metala'Ātoma). Ma ka hapanui o na hihia i kēia mea pōaka waiwai o kekahi'ōniʻoniʻo, a me kekahi wai solubility. Ka simplest 'elele o keia ano o ka hui - paʻakai koloriside (NaCl).

Paʻakai i maheleia i loko oʻakika, walaʻauʻana a me ka maʻamau.

Normal (averages) e hana ia ai kaʻakika a pau hydrogen nā'ātoma i UAIAaIN ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma, a me ka wā e auou caiaiai i ka hydroxyl pūʻulu maʻakika kumuʻakika residues (e laʻa me, MgSO4, mg (CH3COO) 2). I ka electrolytic dissociation, e uhai ia i ikaika papa metala anions a negatively kauoha anions.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o keia pae o ka paʻakai:

• decompose ma kiʻekiʻe mahana;

• undergo hydrolysis (naoh me ka wai);

• komo i loko, e loaa hou reactions me nāʻakika, kumu a me nā paʻakai. e hoomanao ia e kekahi o nā hiʻona o kēia mau reactions:

- he naoh me kaʻakika i wahi wale ia keia ʻakika ka ikaika ma mua o ia mai a me ka paakai ia lŘlŘ;

- ka naoh i ka waihona ipu ua paʻa i loko o ka hihia kahi insoluble mea ua hana;

- Saline pāʻoihana reacts me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ina ka mea, ua waiho ia ma ka electrochemical moʻo o ka metala stress, i ka hapa o ka paakai;

- ka paʻakai i huiia ma ka pāʻoihana pane koke i kekahi i kekahi, ina keia ua hanaʻia he insoluble huahana mail;

• redox e hiki ke pili me ka waiwai o ka cation a anion.

Ua hoomakaukau keʻakika paʻakai ma ka manawa, kahi wale i ka hapa o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma i loko o kaʻakika ua auou caiaiai me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma (e laʻa me, NaHSO4, CaHPO4). A hiki aku ka mea nāna i hana electrolytic dissociation hydrogen a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cations, o kaʻakika koena anions, nae Nine Inch waiwai o keia pae nā paʻakai o ka kēia kailaʻae like paakai a me kaʻakika hui:

• e malalo i thermal decomposition e hana i kekahi haumāna paakai;

• reacted me ka mekala 'åkilikai, e hana i ka maʻamau paakai.

XIX. Paʻakai i loaa ma ka manawa, kahi wale i ka hapa o ka hydroxyl pūʻulu auou caiaiai ia e kumu na anions o nāʻakika (e laʻa me, cu (OH) a Cl, Fe (OH) CO3). Ia mau hui i dissociated i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cations a me anions o hydroxy a me kaʻakika koena. Ke Nine Inch waiwai o keia pae ana o paʻakai nā symptoms ano Nine Inch waiwai a me ka paʻakai, a me nā kumu i ka ia manawa:

• wehewehe aku ma thermal decomposition;

• reacted me kaʻakika.

Aia i ka manaʻo o ka luna 'a me ka papalua paʻakai.

Complex i loaʻa ka luna 'anion paha cation. Ke Nine Inch waiwai o kēia 'ano o ka naoh nā paʻakai luku eiiieaenu, pu ma ke kahua o ka liilii wailana i huiʻia. Eia hou, e hiki no ke haawi aku ligands ma waena o ka pahale loko, a ma waho wahi mea.

Pālua i ua mau 'okoʻa cations, a hiki ke pane koke me kona'ākilikai pāʻoihana (ka ho'ēmiʻana naoh).

Nā Papahana O Ka hoomakaukau ana paʻakai

Mau waiwai hiki ke loaa ma ka kēiaʻaoʻao:

• reacting na nāʻakika me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a i hiki hoi e pau ka i ka hydrogen nā'ātoma;

• ka naoh mau kumu a me nāʻakika, kumu o ka hydroxyl pūʻulu ua e like me kaʻakikaʻakika residues;

• i ka hana o nāʻakika ma amphoteric a me ka walaʻauʻana oxides, paʻakai paha mea hiki ke hooheheeia;

• i ka hana o nā kumu maʻakika oxides;

• naoh ma waena o kaʻakika a me ka walaʻauʻana oxides;

• paʻakai ma ka reacting me kekahi i kekahi, a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia (hakahaka naoh) ;

• makaukau o ka metala paʻakai i reactions me ka 'ole-mea hiki ke hooheheeia;

•ʻakika ka paʻakai hui loaa mai ma ka naoh meakino paʻakai me kaʻakika o ka ia inoa;

• kumu waiwai paakai ua hoomakaukauia e reacting i ka paakai me ka uuku nui o ka mekala 'åkilikai.

Penei, i ke hoomakaukau i paʻakai ma na aoao, no ka mea, e hua mai la i ka hopena o na mea he nui Nine Inch reactions ma waena o ka kela'okanikaʻole waiwai a me ka hui.