Noaaiiiai Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: hōʻikeʻano

Ma keia 'atikala mākou makemake e kamailio e pili ana i ka "Khanka" no?. Ua Ua Aia ma ka Western Hawaiian papu Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky Apana o Primorye Teritore. Reserve Ua hoʻokumu 'ia ma 1990 ma ka mea e pale aku i ka wahi o ka hooilo, a me ka aiacayueony manu.

E kau i ke koena kulana

"Khanka" noaaiiiai Reserve ua aia ma ka hema-hikina hapa o ka Primorsky Teritore, ma na kapakai o Lake Khanka, kokoke i ka Lūkini-Chinese palena.

Ma ka palena o ka biosphere hookoe ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo herbaceous Marsh kula mai. A oaeii, ma laila i nohoʻia a kanahā-ewalu laha 'o mammals, a me ka eha o lakou a hiki i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Red o Rusia. Reserve "Khanka" i ka wahi o ka oi ma mua o 39 000 aa. Ua komo ka nui ele o ka wai freshwater Lake Khanka, a ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka pono nui grassy wahi lepo wai.

Hawaiian aina o Lake Khanka waiwai Marsh, Meadow a me ka laau mea kanu, o ka mea nui i manaoia e grassy kula a me nā wahi lepo wai. Coast uhiʻohe lehulehu, sedges, i hui mauu o ke kula mauʻu.

Akā, e like me ka nahele kanu, ka mea, ua hakina. Ka hapa nui o ia i hoʻomōhala i Luzanova puu. Ma kēia paena ulu Aspen (CO), Mongolian laau hukaa, lindens, velvet.

I ka moolelo o ka mea i malama ia wahi

I ka makahiki 1971 Khanka Lake a puni i ua 'ike' ūnelunelu o ka lahui nui. Ka manaʻo o e pili ana i ka hoomalu wahi iʻikeʻia i loko o nā twenties o ka hope kenekulia. Ua ua wale i loko o ka makahiki 1990ʻaneʻi hookoe "Khanka" Ua hana - ka mea opiopio, au hiki e olelo aku i ka muli loa a puni Primorsky Krai.

I 'Apelila makahiki 1996, i ka Lūkini a me ka Pākē aupuni pūlima i ka' aelike, e hookupaa aku i ke kanaka ma muli o ko Kina ka hoomaluia ciia "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka a me ka hoʻopakele 'aina "Lake Khanka" lahui no?.

Ma uuku helu o ka peatland ke koe nō ka mea i hoʻonohonoho. Kekahi o ia mau mea - o ka wahi "Pine". Ua Ua hoʻonohonoho i ka 1965 nae. Aia mau no hoi ia me ke koe, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "e ola 'ia" (1962).

Au pono aku nei au i ka mea a pau i malama ia wahi ua maheleia i māhele elima ihola ia kaʻawale.

1. Kuka "Pine" wahi o ka 375 aa.
2. "River" paena. Kona wahi o 12.494 aa.
3. Kuka "Melgunovsky" wahi o ka 300 aa.
4. Ka paena "diabolo ka piholo maila". Kona wahi o 16.641 aa.
5. "Manu'ū," paena. Kona wahi o 9479 aa.

aniau

Reserve "Khanka" ua aia i loko o ka ciia o monsoon aniau. No ka mea, iʻaneʻi, ua nui naciiiuo a diurnal ana wela likeʻole. Winter i loko o kēia māhele 'āina me ka iki hau, a me ka luawai - maloʻo, a me, kau - ke anuenue a me ka pumehana. Iloko o ka makahiki, ii iai ka loa haoʻa. Ka coldest mahina o ka makahiki o Ianuari, i ka mahana e papa i -20 degere. Akā,ʻo koʻu wā - July, i ka wa a ke ana wela ma ke ana wela ua i 20 degere.

lepo

Prihantiyskie kai i alluvial ma ka ano. Ka mea i hanaʻia mai ka moana wai sediments,ʻano nui ka lepo a me ka Lok. Lake ko Yuuki ke one lalo. Ma ke kiekie māhele i loams. Akā, ma ka mea i lalo wahi Kīwala'ō ma ka bog a me ka hapa-bog lepo. Peat moana lipolipo mea,ʻaʻole nui loa - i oi aku mamua o ke kanalima mau kenimika. A ma lalo iho o ka lepo, a mea he kūpono, ahu iho, i ke kumu no kahi weuweu lepo.

Nature no?

E like me mākou i mai la oia, i ka mālama ciia mau manao "Khanka" Reserve - mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, na kula haʻahaʻa-e moe ana me Marsh a me ka ulu lāʻau kanu. Coast o ka moanawai ulu me kaʻohe, a me ka sedges. i interspersed laau me ka laau uuku. Ma ka wāwae o nā puʻu 'oe ke' ike i ka grassy kula. Forest mea uuku. Songacha River ma ka mokuna o ka muliwai 'oe ke' ike i ka 'ō o ka pohihihi keia lāʻauʻoka a me ka lehu laau. Ka hikina kahakai o Lake Khanka uhi broadleaf ka nāhelehele. Au pono aku nei au i na flora o ka caiiaaaieea kikowaena 712 laha 'o vascular mea kanu: 32 - laau? Ueony, 43 - ka nalu, 3 - woody kumu waina, 9 - laau uuku, 625 - herbaceous mea kanu.

Ka pohopoho o uhi ma kahi o kanahiku pakeneka o ka hoomaluia wahi. A ano hiʻona o kā lākou mau mea 'ole. Keia ua hoikeia mai i loko o ka mea ana, e like me ka rula, ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo kekahi a elua o ka bog mea kanu, a loa uhi i ka aina e ku. Aia mau eha ke ano o ka 'ūnelunelu: sedge, ohe, sedge, krupnotravnye a me ka pulupulu mauu-sedge.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i krupnotravnyh wahi lepo wai, ka meaʻano nui iloko o ke kookoo, cattail hihiu raiki, ono mau. 'O kēia ka mua kahua o ka eutrophication. Ma mahope dewatering hoʻomōhala sedge, a laila, ohe-sedge wahi lepo wai, a ma hope hoʻololi i ohe ka mauu o ke kula mauʻu. He mau kino o ka wai, ua noho pilikia i ka waterfowl, i loaʻa ka mea,ʻaʻole wale nō hoomalu akā, i ka mea e pono ai.

Ke kula mauʻu, ma ka huli, ua mahele ia i mau hoailona ia mea: pulu, pulu. No laila, ohe mauu o ke kula mauʻu ho i emi ma mua o kekahi pakeneka o ka wahi holoʻokoʻa. Ko lākou mea hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻano nui ma kahi weuweu lepo. Huakaʻi o profusely pahaʻino. Ko lakou ano mea kanu - skullcap, uzkolisty ohe, ohe Langsdorf. Lau nahele e ulu kiekie a me ka manoanoa.

Akā, Langsdorfeynikovye kula hoʻomōhala ma pohopoho lepo. Ka mea i loaʻa i ka huina o ka umikumamalua? Ueo o nā mea kanu. Ka mauu, a hui pū mauu o ke kula mauʻu i hoike no ka ole hou aku he umiʻano likeʻole o ka mea kanu.

Akā, me ka ohe-forb kula a hooku iho la ia he iwakalua lāʻau ikiʻai, i waena o lākou: bentgrass, ka rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Birds kahi e olelo ai

Reserve "Khanka" - He paredaiso no waterfowl a me ka wai manu. A huina o 336? Ueo hoʻopaʻa 'aneʻi. Eia hou kekahi, he eono amphibian? Ueo a? Ueonyʻehiku o nā mea kolo, ma laila nō i pono-ʻike Aole loa Hawaiian honu i loko o ka Red Book.

Ke hookoe mea nui loa i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka? Aneii a me naciiiuo migrations o ka manu. Ma kēia māhele 110 laha 'o aiacayueony manu. Kela a me keia makahiki, aia nō ma kahi o 25 hui o aiacayueony ulaula-hooleiia nā manuʻioʻio, 8 hui duarskih nā manuʻioʻio. I ka huina helu o kēlā me kēia 'ano o ka manu'ū, hiki i ka haneri kanaka. ʻO nā mea ulu ma ka helu o Hōʻole akula Hawaiian kikonia, e ka mea, ua aiacayueony a me ka 25 hui. Iloko o ka nuipa ma ka pūnāwai manu Polenekia Hanke mahana mai i 500 tausani laha 'o Duck, geese a me ka noketura. I mea, ia mea he mea hiki ole maka. Hiki i ka mea a ka mea hiki ole helu o nā manu i ka ia manawa i kia i loko o ka hoʻokahi, albeit nui loko oe ke manao wale.

Ma Rusia, wale "Khanka" hookoe pūnana Kuwaena Egret a me Reed Parrotbill.

Ma ka no? Kākau 69 laha 'o ka iʻa, 9 o ia i helu' ia ma like miomio. I ka wai o ka hoomaluia spawning kai Plagiognathops Microlepis, kukū ai-Auha,ʻeleʻele Amur bream, a me ka catfish Soldatov.

holoholona honua

"Khanka" hookoe, na holoholona e oko i? Ueony 'ano, hoʻolaha he loa ke nānā nui. Au pono aku nei au ia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka hoomaluia wahi i kākau nui pohihihi laha 'i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Kaiula, a Red Buke o ka Lūkini Primorye, hiki aku ma mua i loko o kekahi' ē aʻe hihiu me ke koe. Reserve "Khanka" ninoaaeyao i ke kulana mua iwaena o ka hoomaluia wahi o ka Primorsky Teritore. O ka 112 pohihihi keia holoholona o kēia māhele 'āina 60 ua loaʻa i loko o ke koena.

Eia no hoi kākau 45? Ueo o mammals. Ka papa inoa o ka poe i mau ola i loko o ka wahi, me 8 laha 'o insectivores, 12 rodents, 9 laha' o predatory manu, lagomorphs 2 a me kekahi māiʻuʻu. Pohihihi keia mammals i na poe e eha? Ueo. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau i heluʻia ma ka Red Book.

Ma ka palena o ka caiiaaaieea no i ka loa, he pono ole rodents e like me ke kahuaʻiole, oho iole, Aole loa Hawaiian V, Dahurian hamster, Amur Hedgehog, nui keʻokeʻo-kuʻi shrew. Ma ke kula mauʻu iiiaanoaa lā o ka nāhelehele, ke noho nei ia me kiʻekiʻe mauʻu wanawana. Ma kēia mau wahi e ke aupuni 'e mahele ma eleele a me ka Himalayan bea. Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka mokuna o ka hoomaluia ciia ola holoholona i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Red o Rusia. Iwaena o lakou i ke kaulana Siberian tiga, a me ka ula hae, Aole loa leatherback kuhukukū.

Aia nō ka poʻe holoholona i mau ai kēlā wā i kēia wā e hele me ka kokoke ?? eoi?: Himalayan a me kaʻeleʻele bea, mink, hihiu pokole, tigers, kikokiko kia a me wapiti.

Makamua kanaka

Ke koena ma luna o ka mokupuni Riabokon loaʻa i? Iaie? Kahiko kanaka. Ka mua loaa no i ka Old Stone Age, e hoike no ma kahi o 15 tausani makahiki.

Eia hou kekahi, i loaʻa i kakahiaka nui Neolithic kia hoʻomanaʻo i, helu 7500 makahiki, e like me ka weuweu Neolithic wā (5000 makahiki), i ke keleawe Age a me Iron.

ʻepekema, Reserve kekahi hanana wahi kahi he uuku wahi ua kia he wahi lihi iki o hulikoehana loaa e pili ana i keʻano o ke ao.

Kēia 'aneʻi He He kupanaha wahi - "Khanka" no?. Primor wahi'ē aʻe mai ia i ka nui helu o hulikoehana hoʻopunipuni.

Kū hoʻokahi wahi ma luna o ka hookoe

Mai ka scientific wahi o ka hoomaopopo, aia no he pono kū hoʻokahi mea i loko o ke koena. Kekahi o ke kaiāulu oxytrope Khanka, noho ana ma ka Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski a me Pine Island.

Eia hou, i ka hoomaluia aina ulu (i loko o Ilistaya muliwai) kū hoʻokahi o nā lāʻau kukū Lotus Komarov.

Akā, Melgunovka muliwai hoʻolaha ka nui panalaau ia o ka aredea i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina. Iloko o ka pūnāwai Polenekia keia wahi o ka nunui hipa o ka manu.

Riabokon ma ka moku, ma ka hema kahakai, o ka mea wale nō wahi i loko o ka malina aina, kahi e ulu ana licorice blednotsvetnaya, helu i loko o ka Book Red o Primorye.

Pehea e kiʻi i ke koena?

Ke kokoke kulanakauhale i ke koena - ia Spassk-Aole loa. Kēia mea ma ka hooponopono mālama i ka Khanka māhele 'āina. Ua Ua Aia 220 kilomika mai Vladivostok. Mai ia ma Spassk Aole loa hiki ke hiki ma ke kaʻa 'ohua. wale i kekahi manawa i ka lā He hele.

Address aaieieno?: Primorsky Teritori, Spassk-Aole loa, Ershov alanui, 10.

kahi o ka epilogue

"Khanka" Reserve - ka muli loa i loko o ka malina māhele 'āina. Eia naʻe, Lake Khanka, Aia i loko o kona mokuna, ua lōʻihi ia i ke koena o ka lahui nui no ka manu. Maoli, i ka manao o ka caiiaaaieea no o ke ao a me ka mālama 'ana o maoliʻike manaʻo a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana, multiplication a me ka malama ana o ka'ōewe loko o flora a me? Aaoa. Ma ka? Aneie kūlana o nā panalāʻau e loli ana e ka lehulehu nui o ka pohihihi a me ka miomio o mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ke Reserve He He kū hoʻokahi wahi me ka lehulehu nui o nā manu, e ka mea i kū hoʻokahi a me ka mea nui no ka migratory manu.