Nui a me ka uuku koʻikoʻi a hanohano o ke koko holo: ke ano

Ma mammals a kanaka circulatory'ōnaehana o ka hapanui luna '. He He paʻa'ōnaehana iloko olaila o nā holo. E hoomanao e mahana-koko, ka mea i oi energetically maikaʻi, a e leie aku i kekahi kanaka e noho ma ia niche kaianoho koholā i loko i ka mea o kēia manawa.

Na circulatory'ōnaehana - he pūʻulu o puha muscular hui, kēia kuleana no ka holo ana o ke koko ma nāʻoihana a pau o ke kino. Ua ua poe ma ka naau, a me nā ipu koko o kekahi caliber. He He muscular hui, i lilo 'o ka pōʻai o ke koko holo. Lākou noaia ua manaoia i loko o nā puke 'anatomia i a me ka ho'ākāka' ia ma keia.

I ka manaʻo o ka holo koʻikoʻi a hanohano

Ke circulatory'ōnaehana he o elua mau pōʻai - i ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa (nui) a me ka akemāmā (uuku). A puni ka circulatory'ōnaehana o na moku koko ua kapaia, capillary, lymphatic a me ka venous-type, a hāpai i ke koko mai o ka naʻau i loko o na moku a me kona holo ana ma ke ku pono ana i ka ao ao. Ke kikowaena kino koko holo o ka naau, no ka mea, i hui pu iaʻi o ka arterial a me venous koko holo, elua nā keʻa.

Systemic holo

Ke systemic holo He He ano no ka hoʻolako 'ʻike ākea nā'aʻaʻa arterial koko a me kona hoi ana i ka naau. Ua hoomaka mai ka ventricle hema ma ke koko hele i loko o ka aorta ma ka aortic orifice me tricuspid kiwikā. O aortic koko ua kuhikuhi 'ana i ka uuku arteries a me ka corporal ke hele mai i ka capillaries. Kēia 'ia paha o nā kino ho okumu i ka kūpono loulou.

Eia ma ka'aʻaʻa lako me ka o oxygen, a ua hoopio iho i carbon dioxide ula koko keena. Nō hoʻi ma ka'aʻaʻa koko 'ohua' e lawe'amino nāʻakika, lipoproteins, monakō koko, metabolic huahana mai o na capillaries a me venules ma hou i loko o nui aa koko. Ka mea, hāʻule i loko o ka puha aa koko e hoʻi koko ma kahi e hiki i ka naau ma ka atrium akau.

Pono atrium welau a holo. Ke noaia Ua like penei (i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o ke koko holo): hema ventricle, ka aorta, ka laholio arteries, laholio, muscular arteries muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, aa koko a me ka vena cava, koko hoi i ka naau i ka atrium akau. Mai ka systemic holo hānai i ka lolo, ka mea a pauʻili, iwi. Ma mau, a pau kanaka nā'aʻaʻa hanaiia ma na moku koko o ka systemic holo, a me ka mea wale nō heʻuʻuku kahi o ke koko oxygenation.

Pulmonary holo

Pulmonary (uuku) holo, kona noaia ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, hoomaka mai ka ventricle akau. Ua loaʻa i ke koko mai ka atrium akau ma ka atrioventricular orifice. Mai ka'ākau ventricle anoxic (venous) ke koko ma ka mākeke (pulmonary)'āpana komo i ka pulmonary kumu. Kēia artery mea thinner aorta. Ua Ua maheleia i loko o kona mau lala elua, a i hoouna aku ai i nā maʻiʻaʻai.

Light - o ke kikowaena kino i lilo 'he uuku kaiapili o ke koko holo. kanaka noaia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka puke' anatomia, wehewehe i ka pulmonary koko mea e pono ai ke koko oxygenation. Eia ka mea, e hāʻawi mai absorbs carbon dioxide i a me ka oxygen. Ke sinusoidal capillaries o na maʻiʻaʻai me atypical kino o ma kahi o 30 microns ma ka anawaena a me ka hoonohonoho hou kinoea.

A laila, i ke koko, oxygenated, ua hoouna mai i ka'ōnaehana intrapulmonary aa koko, a ohi i ka eha pulmonary aa koko. A pau o ia e pili ana i ka atrium hema, a ke halihali i oxygen-waiwai koko. I kēia pau, a me ka holo. Noaia pulmonary uuku kaiapili kanaka ui, (ma ke ala e hiki aku o ke koko pele): ka ventricle akau, pulmonary artery, intrapulmonary artery, pulmonary arterioles, pulmonary sinusoid, venules, pulmonary aa koko, hema atrium.

Hiʻona o ka circulatory'ōnaehana

A ki hiʻona o ka circulatory'ōnaehana e he a mau iwi kuamoʻo, o ka pono no ka naau a me elua a oi Panel. Ka iʻa holo wale nō, no ka mea, ka mea, i ole malamalama, a me ka mea a pau kinoea, e loaa hou ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā ipu o ka halo o mua, E like me ka hopena, iʻa-naau hookahi keʻena - he EII ni pushes i ke koko i loko o kekahi ao ao wale.

Amphibians a me nā mea kolo i ka ÷ naehana hanu kahua, a, no laila, i ka systemic holo. Noaia o kā lākou hana Ua puni hoʻi: mai na moku ventricular koko kauoha i ka hoa kanaka nui o arteries - i loko o ka capillaries a me aa koko. Venous hoʻi i ka naʻau ua i hoʻokō, akā, pono atrial koko komo i ka huina no ka mau laps ventricle holo. No ka mea, o ka naʻau o kēia mau holoholona, ekolu-pahu, i ke koko o na koʻikoʻi a hanohano elua (venous a me ka arterial) mea hui.

Ma kānaka (a mammals) o ka naau o ka 4-keʻena 'ole. Elua atrial a mau ventricular mokuahana It i pohā. Ka nele o ka hoʻohuihui mau ano o ke koko (arterial a me ka venous) ua kanaka nunui evolutionary hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, a ua hoʻolako mehana-koko mammals.

I ke koko na lako ai i ka naau a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai

Ma ka circulatory'ōnaehana, a he mau koʻikoʻi a hanohano, o ka maikai nui o ka mana o ka naau a me ka akemāmā. 'O kēia nā nā loko loa nui mea i hoʻokaʻawale koko a me ka pono o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka circulatory nenoai. No laila, i loko o kona mau maʻiʻaʻai i mau pūhaka holo. Akā, me ka lole ua iiaeaaony ma muli o ia i ka laulā nui o na moku, mai ke aorta a me arteries lala la aku, mai ka hilar bronchial a me ka pulmonary moku lawe koko i ka akemāmā parenchyma. A mai na oihana pono hiki ole ai i ke kino, eia nae kekahi o ka oxygen ma eiei mai malaila. Nolaila, i ka nui a me ka uuku koʻikoʻi a hanohano holo kaapuni i ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, kekahi mau oihana (kekahi waiwai o ke koko me ka o oxygen, a ua hoouna mai ia i ka lua o ka heana, lawe deoxygenated koko mai o ia).

Heart a me ka vascular mana ma ke kaiapili nui, akā, ke aupuni 'ma kona cavities mea hiki ke hoʻolako' koko ka oxygen endocardium. Ma keia hapa o myocardial aa koko, kaʻoi loa uuku, e kahe ana i loko o ka naʻau keʻena. Ua mea noteworthy i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale nalu i loko o ka coronary arteries māhele aku i loko o ka cardiac diastole. No ka mea, hui, lako me ke koko wale i ka wa a "hoomaha".

ia ka hana hoihoi

Koʻikoʻi a hanohano kanaka holo kaapuni i ua poe ma ka lakou mau pauku ma luna, i a me mammals, a kiʻekiʻe ahonui. E ke kanaka o ka holoholona, a pinepine hoʻohana i kona mana e ola ole, akā, i ke koena o na mammals ua 'ae' e noho ma kekahi mau habitats. Mua, ka mea, ua ou amphibians a me nā mea kolo, a me ka hoi hou ka iʻa.

Ma ka phylogeny o ka p ÷ ai nui ka mea i ikeia'ku me mua aku, a ua ano o ka iʻa. A uuku kaiapili inā he mea i wale ua mau holoholona a ua lilo loa ole loa i landfall a me kona noho. Mai kona inception, i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana a me ke koko holo i manaoia pu. Ka mea, i pili functionally a structurally.

Kēia mea he nui, a ua indestructible evolutionary hoʻokuʻuʻano papa hana o ka wai habitats o ka aina a me ka noho. No ka mea, o ka hoomau ana ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka mammalian kino ua manawa e hele ana ma ke ala o ka complication o naehana hanu a me ka circulatory'ōnaehana, a me ke kuhikuhi ana o ka waiwai o oxygen- amo hana o ke koko a me ka mahuahua ma ka akemāmā wahi.