Kanaka naʻau keʻena: hōʻikeʻano, me nā hale, i hana 'a me ke ano

Heart - keia mea no ka nui loa hui, i loko o ke kanaka kino. Ua aʻoʻia e kānakaʻepekema, mai nā kula mai o ka naauao. People Ke ho'āʻo nei e imi i ke ala, e hooloihi i ka ola o ka naau Muscle, e hoʻoikaika 'ana i kona hana ana. Knowledge o ka'anatomia, physiology a me pathology o ka naau, i ka awelika ke kanaka, e ike pono ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana i loko o mākou kino. Ehia na keʻena i loko o ka kanaka naau? Where e hoʻomaka hoʻopau i ka systemic holo, a? I lako me ke koko o ka naau? loaʻa kēia mau nīnau a pau e e i ka pane i loko o kēia 'atikala.

naau'anatomia

Ka naau o ka ekolu-ahu iho eke. Waho, ka mea, uhi ka pericardium (? Aiiay Bag) no ka mea,ʻo ka mea myocardium (Muscle ana) a me ka endocardium (lahilahi mucous papa e uhi ana i ka loko o ka naʻau keʻena).

Ma ka kanaka kino i ke kino ua aia ma ka waena konu o ka pahu. He ua iki deviated mai ka vertical (axis), no laila loa no ka mea, ua haʻalele. Ka naau ninoieo o Panel - eha cavities e i interconnected ka lilo ana o ka nohona kiwikā. Keia mau atrium (akau a me ka hema) a me ventricles elua a i lalo ia. Ma waena o lakou iho, ka mea i hookaawale ia e ka nohona kiwikā, i pale aku i ka aʻe pele o ke koko.

Nā paia o nā ventricles pūhaka o na paia o ka atria, a me ka leo i oi aku, mai kā lākou hana ua pahu ma ke koko i loko o ka vasculature, ana atrial passivelyʻae wai.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka naʻau i loko o ka fetus a me ka keiki

Ehia na keʻena i loko o ka kanaka naʻau, i ka mea aole laua i hanau? Ka mea, he poe i eha, akā, na atria e haawi i kekahi i kekahi ma ka'ololaha e komo ai i loko o ka septum. Ma ke kahua o ka embryogenesis, ia mea e pono ae hoomaemae loa oia i ke koko mai o ka naau akau i ka hema, me ka pulmonary holo i ole - ho'ā i straightened. Akā, i ke koko i loko o ka ulu naehana'ōnaehana nō hele, a me ka mea hele pololei mai ka aorta ma ka arterial Canal.

ua hoemiia keena fetal naʻau thinner a me ka nui loa emi ma mua ia o kekahi kanaka makua, a he kanakolu wale pakeneka o ka huina myocardial nuipa a. Kona kuleana pili i ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka loaa ana o ka monakō koko i loko o koko o ka makuahine, ka like naau Muscle keiki hoʻohana mea me he nutrient kūpapakū.

Koko lako a me ka holo

I ke koko na lako o ka myocardium ia lŘlŘ me ka manawa o ka systole, ka wā ke koko, hina i loko o ka ipu nui. Koko na moku o ka naau keʻena i aia hohonu i loko o ka myocardium. Nui coronary artery haalele ana mai o ka aorta, a me ka wā o nā ventricles, i ke koko mai o ka naau i ka lako. Inā keiaʻano papa hana ma kekahi o na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ua Nyos a myocardial infarction.

kanaka naau keʻena lawelawe i ke kuleana pili i pumping. Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ke kālaikūlohea, ka mea, e like EII ni wai i loko o ka paʻa kaiapili. Ka puʻe i ka hana i loko o ka hema ventricular lua, ke koko ke hele mai iloko o kona emi hōʻeleu i ka mea i ka mea, hiki i ka mea liilii loa capillaries.

Ka mau kaulana holo:

- nui, manao e hoolako i na nā'aʻaʻa o ke kino;

- uuku, ke hoʻohana wale nō i loko o ka pulmonary kinoea kūkaʻi a me k? Ko?.

Afferent a efferent moku mai kēlā me kēia keʻena naʻau. Kahi i ke koko kahe ana i loko o ka kaiapili nui o ke koko holo? Mai ka haʻalele atrium loli komo ka ventricle hema, a ia hoolako mai, hiki mahuahua i ka puʻe i loko o ka lua. Ka wā e hiki 120 mmAq, semilunar kiwikā hoʻokaʻawale i ka ventricle mai ka aorta ua hoʻonui, a me ke koko komo ka systemic holo. Ma hope o nā capillaries a pau i piha, aia no he kaʻina hana o ke kelepona hele ka hanu, a no kou kino. A laila, ma ka venous'ōnaehana, koko kahe hoʻi i ka naʻau, a, e, i loko o ka atrium akau. I ka mea kupono luna, a malalo vena cava, kaʻohiʻana i ke koko mai ka pau meaola. I ka loli accumulates he lawa na dala, e kahe ana i loko o ka ventricle akau.

Mai ka mea, hoʻomaka ka pulmonary holo. Paʻa kūhohonu loa i carbon dioxide a me metabolic huahana, koko komo ka pulmonary kumu. A mai laila aku a hiki i ka arteries a me capillaries o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ma hope o gematoalveolyarny ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai kinoea, e loaa hou ia lŘlŘ me ka mea mawaho kaiapuni. Kela manawa, oxygen ma-waiwai koko hoike i ka lima hema atrium, e komo hoʻi i loko o ka systemic holo. Ka a pau kalapona i emi malalo o kanakolu kekona.

dute kalapona

I mea no ke kino mau hookipa mai i ka mea e pono ai māhuaola a me ka oxygen ma nā keʻena o ka naau i ka hana loa harmoniously. Aia o kekahi ano o ka hana.

1. systole - he contraction o na ventricles. Ua Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau manawa:

• Anakahi uila: hookahi myofibers hoemi, i ka puʻe i loko o ka lua, piʻi pū, ka nohona kiwikā ma waena o ka atrium a me ka ventricle paa. Aie i ka mea i ka wā hoʻokahi ka ho'ēmiʻana o nā mea a pau Muscle olona, ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka lua hoʻololi, ka pauma i 120 mmAq.
• Expulsion: wehe semilunar kiwikā - koko komo ka aorta a me pulmonary kumu. Ka puʻe i loko o ka ventricles a me atria ke kiʻekiʻe o hoohaahaaia iho la aku, a me ke koko loa koe i ka lalo keena o ka naau.

2. Diastole - hoʻomaha infarction, a me kēia wā o ka OE? Eaia o ke koko. Ka naau o keʻena ma luna manawalea ana mai iaʻu me ka lawe ana mai o na moku, a loaa i kekahi dala o ke koko. A laila, e weheia atrioventricular kiwikā, a me ka loli kahe ana i loko o ka ventricles.

ʻike, no kāna hana i loko o ka 'ole a me ka functioning ana o ka naau

1. Electrocardiography. Keia kakau ana o ka lolouilaʻike manaʻo e pili ana i Muscle contraction. keena o ka naau komo o cardiomyocytes i mua kēlā me kēia contraction paha i hanaʻia. Ia mea, a me nā electrons i paa, superimposed ma luna o ka pahu. Ma keia hana, kiʻi hiki huai ae malfunction nui o ka naau, kona aloha ole ooieoeiiaeuiiai poho (infarction, Hope? Anoe? Lua, i ke alo o nā ho'ēmi).
2. Auscultation. Hoʻolohe Kal i ke alanui, e hoike aku i kona maʻi loa kahiko. Inā pilikia ka haumāna kauka a me ke kōkua o wale kekahi o nā kiʻina hana ke huai ae loa o ka mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai abnormalities.
3. Ultrasound ninaninau. Ua apono 'oe e' ike i ka 'ole o ka naʻau keʻena, ke koko o ka makana, i ke alo o nā mā ma ka Muscle, a he nui loa nā lāliʻi i kōkua i kaʻike,. Ka papa hana ua ma muli o ka mea i ka ultrasonic nä hawewe lewa mai ka puaʻa hiwa (iwi, Muscle, hui, parenchyma) a me kekahi, ke alalai ole ma ka wai.

naau mai

Like kekahi'ē aʻe hui, o ka naau o ka makahiki, loaa pathological loli i kāhea i ke kūpono 'ana o nā maʻi. E like me ke olakino Aloha Hawaii a me ka ikaika aku ka mālamaʻana o ke ola, i kekahi mea'ōnaehana paleʻea, mai ka pilikia a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoaiu. Pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ke pili me ka dysfunction o ka hui, ai 'ole, e paʻa kekahi, elua a ekolu o kona iwi.

Līkaia no ka mea, penei nosological ano o pathologies:

- arrhythmias a cardiac uila conduction (arrythmia, blockade fibrillation);

- hoʻoʻino maʻi: endo-, myo-, peri-, pancarditis;

- lilo paha congenital malformations;

- hypertension a ischemic eha;

- vascular lesions;

- pathological loli ma ka myocardial paia.

Ka hopeʻano o ka pathology mea pono e disassemble i ka hou no ka mea, i ka pololei pili ana i na keena o ka naau.

Dilatation o ka naau keʻena

Over manawa, i ka myocardium aʻano o ka pa o ke keena naau, hiki ke koiia mai e pathological loli, e like me excessive hohola ana a me ka hanaʻia naʻe. He mea pono i ka hoʻokō 'ole' ana i uku 'maomeka hele' ana o ke kino hana ma nui overloads (hypertension, mahuahua ana o ke koko ka leo a me ka lehulehu).

Nā kumu o ka dilated cardiomyopathy nā:

1. Nā mea palahēhē o nā etiologies (fungi, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune, parasites).
2. Toxins (waiʻona, ai ', kaumaha i eliiaʻi).
3. Systemic connective'aʻaʻa maʻi (rheumatic wela, systemic lupus erythematosus).
4. Aʻeho no ka adrenal glands.
5. Hereditary muscular dystrophy.
6. Ke alo aku o ka metabolic a endocrine maʻi.
7. Aaiaoe maʻi (idiopathic).

Ke anoe o na ventricles

Ke kumu nui no ke anoe o ke ventricle hema o kona koko hoʻohālana. Inā semilunar kiwikā o ua poino, a me ka pii aku aorta ua hou, o ka naau Muscle e pono hou manawa a me ka ho'āʻo pono e kipaku mai i ka wai i loko o ka moana nenoaiu. Part o ke koko i koe i loko o ka ventricle, a me ka manawa, ka mea, ua'ōʻia. A lua kumu paha ia he maʻiʻaʻai paha pathology o Muscle olona, no ka mea, o ka a thinner naau paia i flabby a me ka mea i hiki no ka ho'ēmiʻana.

Pono ventricle e mahuahua ma ka nui ma muli o ka pilikia a me ka nohona kiwikā o ka pulmonary artery puʻe, a māhuahua ma ka pulmonary holo. I ka wā o nā kīʻaha akemāmā mea pilikia, o ka hapa o ke koko mai ka pulmonary kumu hoʻi i loko o ka ventricle. I kēia manawa he hou mahele o ka loli lua i pele, mai ka atrium a me ke keʻena paia i hohola. Eia hou, i kekahi mau kanaka i hanau mā o ka pulmonary artery. Ua hiki aku i ka ikaika mahuahua o ka puʻe i loko o ka ventricle akau, a māhuahua kona leo.

? anoe o ka atria

Ke kumu no ka anoe o ka atrium hema mea he pathology o kiwikā o: ka atrioventricular paha semilunar. I mea e pahu aku ai i ke koko i loko o ka ventricle ma ka uuku puka, e pono i ka nui ikaika a me ka manawa, no laila, koe kekahi koko i loko o ka atrium. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ua hoonuiia ka huina o ka koena wai, a me ka mea hou i pinaiia o ke koko hiki i ka naau keena pa. Ka lua o ke kumu no ke anoe o ka hema atrium pa kaʻawale atrial fibrillation. Ma keia hihia, uaʻaʻole maopopo maopopo ka pathogenesis.

Ka'ākau atrium Hoʻonui i ka pono i loko o ke alo o pulmonary hypertension. I ka pulmonary moku i hou, ka mea, ua paha ke hoʻololi e hoolei ana i ke koko i loko o ka ventricle akau. A mahope mai o ka mea, ua piha ia manawa me ka hapa hou o ka loli, i ka puʻe ma ke keʻena paia maoli. Atrioventricular kiwikā 'Aʻole e kū mai, a huli aʻela ma loko mai. Mai ke koko kahe hoʻi i loko o ka atrium. Ma kekona wahi e congenital naʻau mā. Ma keia hihia i ka haʻihaʻi i anatomical kino 'ole, no laila, he hiki pilina ma waena o nā atriaʻelua a me ke koko hui pu iaʻi. Ua hiki aku i ka hyperinflation hoʻopale pā pōhaku, a me ko lakou anoe.

Ke anoe o ka aorta

Aortic aneurysm i ho i? Anoe? O ka hema ventricle lua. Ua lŘlŘ ma ka wahi ma ka moku paia ua loa thinned. Ke kiekie puʻe a me ka oolea o ke a puni'aʻaʻa ma muli o ka atherosclerosis, mahuahua haawe ana ma luna o ka untenable haʻawina o ka vascular pa. Sacciform protrusion ua hanaʻia, a hana hou turbulence o ke koko. Aneurysm mea he pilikia ku i ka ulia rupture a me na kahe ana ke koko, e like me ka pono me ke kumu o ke koko clots.

dilation lapaʻau

Mea maʻa mau, Inc ua maheleia i loko o 'inikua, aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka mea, o na papa io emi naau hohola pahupaʻiwikiō, aole ia i hana, i ka iapaau ana ua kuhikuhi ma ka causative ololi: li nui, kiʻekiʻe ke koko, ka rumatika, atherosclerosis a akemāmā maʻi. Nā mea maʻi e malama i ke ola i ke Aloha Hawaii, a, e like me ke kauka o ka hoike. Eia hou, i ka hoʻomanawanui ka lapaʻauʻia lahilahi i ke koko e kōkua ai kona hooholo ia ma ka loli ana o ka naau keʻena.

Iʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau ki ina hana like pū ka implantation o ka stimulator, a e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻokō ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka hoʻopilikia o ka naau paia.

Kāohi

I mea e pale aku i ke kūpono 'ana o myocardial pathology mea pono, e lawe mai i ka kumu o rula:

- e haawi i hewaʻano (ka paka, ka waiʻona);

- e malama i ka? Eia o ka hana a me ka poe i koe;

- ai'ākau;

E hele ana hoʻi i ka ninau: Ehia na keena ma ka kanaka naau? E like me ke koko kolo ana ma ka kino? He aha nourishes ka naau? A pehea hana ia a pau ka hana? E manaolana ana ma hope o heluhelu i ka luna ''anatomia a me physiology o ke kino ua lilo he uuku clearer.