O kaʻohiʻana maka aniani

Maka aniani - aniani moakaka ke kino i ka mea i kau palena ia ana e nā spherical surfaces. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka hiki ana o ka maka aniani, e haawi aku i poe kauwa i ke kiʻi. Ka mea hiki e ka mana a me ka oiaio, Kuapo a me ka pololei, a me ka hoemiia hoonee aku. Ka laina Ana o ke kiʻi hou ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka mea.

Hoʻokokoke maka aniani - ka lākiō o ka laina ke kiʻi, a me nā kiʻi nui. Ke magnification ololi (K) hiki ke hoikeia ma ka haʻilula: K = Liliʻu / V, kahi Liliʻu o ka mamao mai ka maka aniani a hiki i ke kiʻi, a me ka V - mamao mai ka maka aniani a hiki i ke kiʻi. Ke magnification ololi o ke ana o ka laina Ana o ka mea nui a me ka uuku kiʻi nui.

I ka 'epekema, eia na mea i kaʻohiʻohi maka aniani, a diverging. Mua pūhaka ma ka waena a me ka thinner ma ka maka, i loko o ka lua - a pau ma ke ku ei. ʻO nā aniani kaulona i wehewehe aku e kekahi mea nui lōʻihi (mai ka'ōnohi waena a hiki i ka mea nui wahi: i ka diverging maka aniani, ia mea io, a ma kaʻohiʻana i ke - 'oluʻolu), a me ka'ōnohi mana a ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o diopters. Ka mea nui loa o kekahi mika mea 1 diopter. Ke'ōnohi mana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka curvature Radii o ka spherical maka aniani surfaces, a me ka lako e (refractive Index o ia) mai i ua i. He ka reciprocal o ka mea nui loa.

Ka o kaʻohiʻana maka aniani ua ike okoa ia mai ka ua nui.

1. 'Ohi i ka malamalama.

2. Nā kihi o ka thinner waena.

3. He He ohi ana o ka helu nui o hoʻonui i ka waenakonu o ka maka aniani (akā,ʻaʻole i nā kihi) o ka triangular prisms.

4. pulakaumaka maka aniani ( 'o ia hoʻi kaʻoi o ke kuʻina o na kukuna hope refraction, Aia ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE'ōnohi (axis)), o ka maoli (i ka mana), e like me na kukuna intersect lakou ia lakou iho, aole i mua o lākou hoomau.

5. Ka hana e ohi i na kukuna hana 'ia ma luna o ka ili ma kekahi wahi, i ua aia ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka maka aniani.

6. Ke o kaʻohiʻana maka aniani hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kumuhana ma kekahi aoao, a me kahi e e'ākoakoa i nā kaola, no ka mea, he maka aniani i mau pulakaumaka. Ma ka'ōnohi (axis) o ka mua a me ka hope foci i aia ma kekahiʻaoʻao ona ma ka mea nui mamao, mai ka maka aniani kumupaa wahi.

Nā Pono Hana no nā aniani kaulona

• pōaka aniani. Ua nā hiʻona kiʻekiʻe ka mahana ia'ku, a bandwidth ultraviolet kukuna. E like me ka mea mea inert i na mea he nui Nine Inch;

• silikone. Kēia mea hiehie kiʻekiʻe lakou hoopuehu me he nui loa ka waiwai o ka refractive inideka ma ka laulā o ka pāhawewe, piha opacity i loko o ka hiki huahelu o ka pae;

• ke aloha polymers. Ma ka mōlina ia mea hiki ke hana inexpensive aspherical nā aniani kaulona, a i hoʻohana i nā manawa. Kahi I hui 'nā aniani kaulona i hoʻohana' ia ma ophthalmology, ua i mai o kekahi mau kumuhana nona biphasic ano. Mea pīlali-gidrolievye linzyblagodarya oxygen ma permeability a kiʻekiʻe hydrophilic waiwai o ka hui pu ana, hiki ke hoʻohana i noke aku no ka malama;

• nā kumuhana.

'ano o nā aniani kaulona

Kaʻohiʻana nā aniani kaulona e māheleʻia i loko o 3 hoailona ia mea:

• biconcave;

• plano-convex;

• he concave-convex.

i hohola nā aniani kaulona e māheleʻia i loko o 3 hoailona ia mea:

• biconcave;

• plano-concave;

• convex-concave.

ʻO nā aniani kaulona hiki e noʻonoʻo, a me ka hiki ke hui mai kekahi mau - e kūkulu i kekahi ano o ka luna ''ōnohi nenoai. Maka aniani nenoaiu, hoonohonoho i ka mamao, o kona mau koʻi lipi coincide ua kapaia he e pili ana.

Ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā aniani kaulona

Ka mea, e pono no ka hana ana o telescopes, microscopes, binoculars, Panel, projectors, 'ōnohi hoi na mea makau , etc. ʻO nā aniani kaulona i hoʻohana nui ma ka ophthalmology, e like me ka pono i na kanaka me ka hihio mā e like me myopia a me ka hyperopia. Eia kekahi, he hookahi o kaʻohiʻana maka aniani ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke kiʻiona aniani hoʻonui.