'O ka neurophysiology ka mea? 'O ke Kumukānāwai o ka Neurophysiology

'O ka neurophysiology kahi māhele o ka physiology e pili ana i ke a'o'ana i nā hana o nā pūnaewele pūpū a me nā neurons,'o ia kona pū'ulu papahana. Loa'a pili ia me ka loilokaliko, a me ke'ano o nā mea'ē a'e, neuroanatomy, a me nā'ike'ē a'e he nui e pili ana i ka lolo. Akā, he wehewehe nui kēia. He kūpono ka ho'onui a me ka ho'olohe i nā mea'ē a'e e pili ana i kēia kumuhana. A he nui na mea o lakou.

He hapa o ka mo'aukala

Ma ka kenekulia 17 i mana'o'ia nā mana'o mua e pili ana i kahi'enekema epekema (akā'ole) e like me ke'ano neurophysiology. Development a me ka mea hiki ole ia, ināʻaʻole no ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka 'ike ma luna o ka histological a me anatomical ' ole o ka'emi ko kahua. Ua ho'omaka'ia nā ho'okolohua e a'o i kahi māhele hou i ka makahiki XIX - ma mua o ka'ike wale'ana. 'O ka mea mua i ho'oku'i iā R. Descartes.

'Oia'i'o, i ka manawa ma mua,'a'ole nā kānaka i ho'okolohua. 'O ka mea mua loa i'ike'ia ai e ka'epekema (C. Bell a me F. Magendi) ke'ike'ana ma hope o ka oki'ana i nā kumu o ke kumu o ke kumuhana, ua nalowale ka'ike. A inā hana'oe i nā mea like me nā mea i mua, e pau ka hiki ke ne'e.

Akā'o ka ho'okolohua neurophysiological kaulana loa (i'ike'ia e mākou ma ke ala,) ua alaka'i'ia e IP Pavlov. 'O ia ka mea i'ike i nā ho'ohālikelike pa'akikī, a ua hā'awi i ka'ike i ka pahuhopu pono o kēlā mau hana kūpiliki'i e hana'ia ana i loko o ka hana pīkino. 'O kēia nā neurophysiology. Higher ko mākou hopohopo haʻawina, i ka manawa ma ka ninau, a ua hōʻike 'ia ma ka papa o nā hoʻokolohua' ana i mālama i kekahi hapa o ka 'inikua pauku.

'Imi'ia i nā manawa hou

I loko o ke neurophysiology, he'oko'a ke'ano o nā neurology, neurobiology a me nā'oihana'ē a'e a pau e pili ana iā ia, aia kekahi mahele. Aia ma loko o kēia mau mea: ua pili like kēia paukū i ka ho'olālā kūpono o ka holo'oko'a holo'oko'a holo'oko'a.

I ko mākou manawa, ua holo lō'ihi ka'enekene, e like me nā lā'au lapa'au. A i kēia manawa, ua kūkulu'ia nā hana a pau o nā neurophysiology ma ka ha'awina a me ka'ike o ka hana pilina o kā mākou pūnaewele punahele. He aha ka mea e hana me nā kohopili i ho'onohonoho'ia a me nā'anu'u, a me nā ulu'ana o ke kikowaena o ka pūnaewele waena.

I ka manawa like, ke ho'omau nei ka ho'omohala'ana i ka ho'omana'o o nā'ōnaehana pūnaewele -'o ia ho'i ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'enehana microelectrode hou. He hana pa'akikī kēia a me ka ho'opili'ana, no ka mea, i mea e ho'omaka ai ke a'o, pono e "ho'okomo" i ka microelectrode ma loko o ke neuron. 'O kēia wale nō ka ala e hiki ai iā lākou ke loa'a ka'ike e pili ana i ke kūkulu'ana i ka hana a me ka hau'oli.

'O ka microscopy kelepona

Ho'ohana'ia kēia e nā mea'epekema i ko mākou manawa. Huina'ine microscopy haawi i manawa e makaikai ana i ka 'ike ua encoded a pū i hiki i loko o kā mākou lolo nona ka. Ua a'o'ia nā kumulā'au o ke neurophysiology, a no ke aloha'ana i nā'enehana hou, ua pa'a nā kikowaena holo'oko'a a pau i ka ho'ona'auao'ana o nā'epekema i nā neural a me nā neu. No laila,'o ka neurophysiology i kēia lā he'ike'epekema e pili ana i ka cybernetics, chemistry a me bionics. A maopopo ka holomua - i ko mākou mau lā,'o ka diagnostics a me ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka ma'i wīwī, ka nui o ka sclerosis, ka'ō'ō a me ka pilikia pūnaewele pūnaewele.

Nā ho'ā'o ho'okolohua

'O ka neurophysiology o ka lolo o ke kanaka (ke po'o a me ke'ōkau) ke nānā nei i kāna mau hana kūikawā ma o nā'ano koho o nā koho electrophysiological. Ke ho'okolohua ho'okolohua - wale nō ma muli o nā hopena o waho, hiki ke hiki ke'ike i ka'ike o nā mea pono'ole. 'O kēia nā hō'ailona bioelectric.

Ma kēia hana e hiki ai ke loa'a ka'ike e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka lolo a me nā hana o nā mahele hohonu,'a'ole hiki ke ho'okomo'ia. I kēia lā, ho'ohana nui'ia kēia'ano e nā neurophysiology ma'i. 'O ka pahuhopu'o ka'imi'ana i ka'ike e pili ana i ka moku'āina o nā'ano mea like'ole, e like me ka pā'ana, ka lohe'ana, ka'ike. I kēia hihia, ua nānā'ia nā a'alolo āpau a me nā a'alolo pū'ali.

Ho'o'ike'ia ka ho'ohana'ana i kēia'ano. Ho'opa'a pololei nā kauka i nā mea i kūpono i ke kino. 'A'ole pono ka nīnau i ka mea ma'i. 'O ka mea maika'i loa i ka'ōpiopio o nā keiki'ōpio a i'ole nā kānaka me ka'ike'ole, ka mea no ko lākou makahiki a kūlana paha hiki'ole ke wehewehe i nā mana'o me nā hua'ōlelo.

Ho'āla

Pono'oe e'ike i kēia kumuhana. Aia kekahi mea e like me ka neurophysiology pā'ani. 'O kēia, ma nā'ōlelo'ē a'e, he wahi "ho'ohana". Ho'oma'ama'a'ia e nā mea hō'ailona-neurophysiologists ka mea i'ike pono i ke'ano o ke'ano o ke'ano o ko lākou mau hana ho'omanawanui. 'O kēia ka'ina hana, i ka manawa pinepine, ua hele pū'ia me kahi ha'awina pono'ī'ikepili e pili ana i kekahi mau māhele o ka pūnaewele pūpū. 'O kēia, me ke'ano kūpono'ole, pili i kahi kālai lā'au nui, i kapa'ia he neuromonitoring.

Ke'ano o ka mana ho'one'e

He kūpono ke kūkākūkā'ana i ia mea ma nā mea kiko'ī. 'O ka neurophysiology kahi ho'ona'auao e kōkua ai e'ike i ka nui o ka'ike nui e hiki ke kōkua i ka hana a ka mea ma'i. A ua ho'ohana'ia ke'ano o ka ho'one'e'ana i nā potentials i ka'ike, ke kūkomo, ka ho'okūkū, ka somatosensory a me ka'oihana transcranial.

'O kona kumu maoli,'o ia ke'ano o kēia:'o ke kauka ke hā'awi a hā'awi i nā mea nāwaliwali o ka hana o ka lolo no ka bioelectric, a he pane ia i nā hanana kūpono'ole. Pono pono ke'ano, no ka mea, he hō'ailona ia i ka ho'ohana'ana i kahi'ōlelo algorithm ho'okahi.

Mahalo i kēlā mau a'o'ana, hiki ke ho'omaopopo i nā ma'i neurological o nā'oko'a like'ole i ka ma'i, a me nā ma'i i ho'opili i ka cortex sensorimotor o ka lolo, nā alanui repinal, ka hana o ka lohe'ana, a pēlā aku i mea e hiki ai ke helu i ka hopena o ka anestheia ma ke kino kanaka. Ano, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia hana, e huli mai i ka loiloi i kekahi, e kilokilo kona ulu, a, e hoʻomaulia i ka paha ka make ana o ka lolo.

Kūlana kūikawā

'O nā kauka-neurophysiologists'a'ole nā kauka wale nō, akā, nā mea ho'opane'e. Ma o nā'ano like'ole, hiki i kahi kauka ke ho'oholo i ka nui o ka pilikia o ka CNS. Hā'awi kēia i ke ala e ho'okumu i kahi hō'oia pololei a me ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka kūpono kūpono a pololei.

E lawe, e like me ke'ano ma'amau,'o ka ma'amau ma'amau - hiki ke hopena i nā spasms vascular a ho'onui i ka pēpena intracranial. Akā'o ka pinepine he hō'ailona kēia o ka ulu'ana a i'ole ka ma'i hō'eha. 'O ka pōmaika'i, i ko mākou manawa, aia nā'ano he nui e'ike ai nā kauka i ke'ano o ka mea i hana'ia i ka ma'i. E pili iā lākou e hiki iā'oe ke ha'i aku ma hope.

Nā'ano o ka noi'i

No laila,'o ka mua'o EEG, ai'ole rheoencephalography paha, e kāhea'ia e nā kauka. Ma o ka EEG, loa'a i ka ma'i epilepsy, ka ma'i koko, ka ma'ihuma, ka ma'i inflammatory a me nā ma'i ma'i o ka lolo. 'O nā mea e hō'ike ai no ka rheoencephalography ka hopena, ka ho'onāukiuki, nā kūkākūkā'ana a me nā'auwana'ana i loko o ka hiamoe, a me ka lā'au make. 'O ka EEG wale nō ka noi e hiki ai ke hana, ke'ole paha ka'ike'ole o ka mea ma'i.

'O ka REG (electroencephalography) e kōkua i ka'ike'ana i nā kumu o ka ma'i o ka lolo. Mahalo i kēia a'o'ana, ua ho'ololi'ia i ka huli'ana i ke koko. Ke hana'ia nei ke a'o'ana ma o ke kino o ka lolo e like me ke'ano o ka manawa kuhi. Hō'oia'ia no ke ki'eki'e o ke kahe'oko'a a me ka ne'e'ana. 'A'ohe pilikia a me ka palekana ke ka'ina hana.

'O ENMG ka'ike hope loa loa. 'O kēia ke electroneuromyography, kahi e'imi'ia ai nā liona e pili ana i nā mea hanahana neuromotor. 'O nā hō'ailona he myosthenia, myotonia, osteochondrosis, a me degenerative, nā ma'i'ele'a a me nā ma'i kīnā.