'O ka'auhau'auhau o ka'auhau 'auhau o ke kanaka ('auhau kālā ma Russia)

'O nā kupa o ka Russian Federation e hana ana ma lalo o kahi pāhana hana, e hā'awi ana i nā lawelawe ma lalo o nā kānāwai kīwila a i'ole, no ka mea, loa'a ke kālā mai ka'oihana a'oihana paha, pono e uku i ka'auhau kālā pilikino. Eia hou, hiki ke uku'ia nā'auhau kālā no ka hō'ike'ana i nā uku kūpono i ka Federal Tax Service. He aha nā'ano o ka helu'ana o ka'auhau kālā kālā pilikino? He aha ke'ano kūpono o ka pilina ma waena o nā mea o ka uku'ana me ka Federal Tax Service o ka Russian Federation?

He aha ke kālā a ka mea pilikino pilikino a i'ole ka'auhau kālā loa'a?

'O ka'auhau'auhau'auhau waiwai ('auhau kālā pilikino) e hā'awi i nā uku i ka moku'āina ma muli o nā kālā i loa'a ma ke'ano o ka uku, uku'ana ma lalo o nā'aelike kūlana civila, nā uku mai ke kū'ai'ana i ka waiwai. NDFL - uku, no ka māhele o ka federal. Ho'opili'ia e ka'Āpana Laa Lapa'au o ka Russian Federation ma ke kūkoko kūikawā me nā kānaka ai'ole nā luna'auhau (i nā manawa pinepine e ka po'e pa'ahana). E nānā nui mākou i nā kiko'ī o nā kālā i loa'a mai i ka po'e'auhau o ka'auhau kālā pilikino e uku i nā'auhau.

He aha nā hua kālā o ka NWFP?

'O nā kālā i loa'a i ka uku, i hā'awi'ia, ua ho'oka'awale'ia i loko o nā pū'ulu'elua o nā loa'a -'o nā mea i loa'a i nā mea uku i ka'āina o ka Russian Federation a me nā mea i loa'a i nā kānaka ma waho a ma lalo o ka'auhau e like me ke kānāwai o ka Russian Federation. Nā poʻe uku o ka makahiki auhau i i ke kūlana o ka Russian Hui noho 'ole kekahi kanaka i mea ole ka noho.

'O nā loa'a i loa'a ma Rūsia e hō'ike pinepine'ia ana:

- e like me ka mea i'ike 'ia ma luna nei, uku, uku no nā ho'olālā kūloko, nā mea i loa'a mai ke kū'ai' ana i nā waiwai;

- nā māhele i loa'a i loko o ke kā'ei o ka'oihana;

- ka loa'a kālā o kekahi mea kālepa pā'ani, i loa'a i loko o ke ka'ina o ka pūnaehana auhau'auhau;

- nā uku ho'olimalima;

- i loa'a mai ka hā'awi'ana i ka waiwai i mālama'ia e ka mana copyright;

- ka loa'a mai o ka waiwai ho'olimalima;

- ua loa'a mai ke kū'ai mai o nā palekana.

Ma ka hopena, hiki ke loa'a nā kālā i loa'a ma waho o ka Russian Federation ma ka uku o ka waiwai like'ole ma ka Russian Federation: hiki i ke kanaka ke hana ma waho, ke kū'ai, kū'ai a kū'ai aku i ka waiwai, nā malu.

'O kekahi'ano o ka hana pā'oihana e pili ana i ka po'e uku PAYG'a'ole lākou e pili i ka'auhau. Eia kekahi la'ana, eia nā kālā e pili ana i ka kū'ai'ana a me ka kū'ai'ana i ka waiwai i loko o ke kumumana'o o nā pili pili kānāwai me ka komo'ana o nā pili pili, inā'a'ole ia he pili i ka pilina hana ma waena o lākou.

Ho'olālā'ia nā'auhau kālā kanaka e nā'ano like'ole o nā lāhui. E no'ono'o mākou pehea e ho'oholo ai ke kānāwai i ko lākou kūlana.

Nā pane o nā mea uku o ka'auhau kālā pilikino

'O nā'auhau'auhau'auhau waiwai, e like me ka mea i'ike'ia ma luna, ua ho'onohonoho'ia i nā po'e noho o ka Russian Federation a me nā kānaka i nele i kēia kūlana. Ahea ke kanaka i ka papahana mua a i'ole paha?

'O ka po'e'auhau he po'e kānaka maoli o ka Russian Federation a me nā haole'ē a'e ma ka'āina'o Russia no 183 mau lā a'oi aku no nā malama he 12. Ma ka manawa like, kahi i noho ai kekahi kanaka ma Rusia, ua mana'o'ia he pilikia'ole inā ha'alele ka'ōpiopio i ka'āina no 6 mau mahina no ka ho'ona'auao'ana a i'ole ka hana'ana, a no ka hana'ana i nā'oihana'oihana e lawe i nā minera ma nā'āina'ē. 'O nā luna'auhau o ka Russian Federation he mau koa koa e lawelawe ana i kā lākou mau hana ma kahi'ē, a me nā limahana o nā'oihana'ē a'e i ho'ouna'ia i kahi'oihana'oihana'ē.

Nā Pute Laikini Kuleana Kuleana

Hiki ke koi'ia nā'auhau'auhau'auhau kālā e uku i ka'auhau i nīnau'ia i ka ho'ohālāwai o ka Russian Federation mai nā kālā kālā a me nā mea i hā'awi'ia i ke'ano. I kēia hihia, hiki ke ho'onohonoho'ia nā uku ka'awale no nā'ano kālā like'ole. Ma ke'ano laulā, ua uku'ia ka'auhau ma kahi o 13% o ka loa'a kālā o ke kanaka. Akā no ka uku e uku'ia, hiki ke ho'onohonoho'ia kekahi mau uku'ē a'e. E a'o kākou i nā mea kiko'ī.

Aia he 'auhau kālā loa'a kālā no ka po'e kālā he 35% o ka loa'a. Hiki ke ho'ohana'ia inā loa'a i kahi mea loa'a kālā:

- ma ke'ano o nā winnings e pili ana i nā hopena o nā loiloi;

- ma ke'ano o ka pā'ani mai nā waihona kāleka, inā lākou e kū i ka'auhau kālā pilikino;

- i pane'ia e nā lilo i ho'olimalima'ia i ka uku, uku'ia ma nā hō'ai'ē;

- ma ke'ano o ka uku no ka ho'ohana'ana i nā kumu waiwai kālā, ma ka ho'ololi'ana o ke kāko'o mea kū'ai.

Hiki ke uku'ia ka'auhau kālā pilikino i 30%. Ua ho'okumu'ia, ma mua, no ka po'e'ole o ka noho'ana ma ka Russian Federation. Hiki ke uku'ia e ke kama'āina i ka kūlana kūpono, inā:

- loa'a i kekahi kanaka i ka uku mai nā'āpana i loa'a ma ke ka'ina hana o ke komo kaulike i ka'oihana, a me ka mea i ho'onoho'ia he 15% no nā uku i pili;

- ua ho'olimalima'ia kekahi mea noho'ole a loa'a iā ia ka uku - inā'o ka po'e e noho ana ma nā kūlana ho'okahi, e uku i ka'auhau he 13%.

'O kekahi koho kahi hiki ke uku'ia he 30% inā loa'a ka uku kālā a ka mea'auhau mai nā pā'oihana e pili ana i ke kū'ai a me ke kū'ai'ana i nā ukana, inā'a'ole he nīnau no ka loa'a'ana o nā'āpana'āpana, ke hā'awi'ia nā kuleana i nā palapala like e pili ana i nā kālā o nā haole. Nā Hui.

Hiki ke uku'ia he 9%. Hiki ke hana inā loa'a i ka mea uku ka uku mai nā ukana pili kālā.

Ka hō'ike'ana i ka'auhau kālā pilikino

E no'ono'o i kahi'ano like me ka hō'ike'ana i loko o ka uku i pane'ia. 'O ka mea mua, hiki i ka FTS ke hā'awi i kahi hō'ike - inā pili i kahi'ano o ka mea'auhau (3-NDFL). Kēia palapala kekahi mau 'ike e pili ana i ka loaa ana o kekahi kamaaina wau, i loaa i ka uku o ua poe la a me na kumu.

Hiki ke hā'awi 'ia e ka mea'auhau i ka ho'olaha 3-NDFL i ka' Auhau 'Auhau o ka Moku'āina ma ke ka'awale a i' ole me ke kōkua o ka mea nāna i hana. Hiki ke koho'ia nā koho'elua inā, inā la'ana, e pili ana ke kanaka i ka'auhau'auhau no ke kumu o ke kākau inoa'ana i kahi unuhi. Eia hou, inā e hā'awi ka luna'auhau i ka mea'auhau me 3-NDFL, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia ka hō'ike i kumu no ka'auhau hou a i ka ho'ololi paha.

I kekahi mau mea, pono ke ho'olako'ana i ka pepa kūpono i kekahi mau manawa. Eia kekahi la'ana, he po'e kūikawā nā haole i kahi mea'auhau. Pono ka NFLFL e hā'awi'ia e kekahi kanaka no ka moku'āina'ē a'e, i ka Federal Tax Service ke'ole'o ia e ho'opau i kāna mau hana ma ka Russian Federation, e ho'onui ana i ka waiwai, a ha'alele i ka'āina. E ho'olako i ka pepa kūpono i ka Federal Tax Service i ka malihini i ho'okahi mahina ma mua o ka ha'alele'ana i waho o ka Russian Federation.

Nā'ike o ka hō'ike 3-NDFL

He aha ka mea a ke kamaaina a mea'auhau paha-UL e hō'ike ai ma ka hō'ike ma ka'auhau i nīnau'ia? Loa'a i 3-NDFL nā'ike a pau e pili ana i ke kālā i loa'a i ka po'e - inā hā'awi'o ia i ka palapala no kona iho, ai'ole inā ua kākau'ia ka'ōlelo e ka mea nāna i hana. 'A'ole hiki i ka palapala ke hō'ike i ke'ano o ke kālā i loa'a, e like me ke kānāwai o ka Russian Federation,'a'ole e mana'o'ia he mea'auhau.

'O nā mo'olelo hō'ike i nā'ike e pono ai e ho'omaopopo i ke kumuhana e uku ana i ka'auhau i nīnau'ia. 'O ia, e like paha, he helu'auhau'auhau. 3-NDFL kahi'ōlelo ho'opuka e hiki ai, e like me ka mea i'ike'ia ma luna nei, ho'ouna'ia i ka FTS e kekahi kama'āina a ma o ka mea paha nāna i hana. Aia kekahi mau'ike nui'ē a'e no ka ho'omaopopo'ana i ke kumuhana o ka uku'ana i ka'auhau i nīnau'ia. Eia kekahi la'ana - he hō'ailona o kahi mea'auhau o ka'auhau kālā kālā pilikino.

I kekahi mau manawa, ho'olako'ia ka hō'ike'ana i ka Federal Tax Service ma kahi'oihana i loa'a ke kūlana o kahi luna'auhau. He aha kona kiko'ī?

'O wai nā luna'auhau?

E like me ke kānāwai o ka Russian Federation, he mea ma'amau ke nānā aku nā luna'auhau i nā kuleana pili kānāwai a me nā IP i ho'opa'a inoa'ia i loko o ka'auhau'auhau kālepa a me ka helu'ana i ka'auhau kūpono i ka mea uku o ka'auhau kālā pilikino a ho'ololi i ke kālā. 'A'ole ia he mea pono inā he po'e'auhau nā'auhau kālā o ka'auhau kālā pilikino. 'O ka hapanui o nā manawa,'o ke kūlana o kahi luna'auhau e mālama'ia e nā'oihana'oihana. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke'ike'ia nā mea'āina o ka moku'āina a mau kaiāulu paha he po'e kūlana kūpono.

Pono pono nā luna'auhau e mālama i ka mo'olelo o nā kālā i loa'a i nā kānaka i nā manawa o ka'ike helu, e kōkua i nā hihia i ho'olako'ia e ke kānāwai, i ka loa'a'ana o nā hōke'e kālā i nā kānaka āpau a e komo i ka'ike e pili ana iā lākou ma nā waihona. Ua ho'okumu'ia nā pepa o ka palapala helu e nā luna kūpono. More pinepine ma mua ole - ka Pekelala auhau Service.

No laila, ka hō'ike no ka'auhau kālā pilikino, i piha i nā hihia i hā'awi'ia e ke kānāwai e ka mea'auhau - 3-NDFL, - wahi a ka Federal Tax Service. Auhau hoʻomalu e ulu a me nā ano o ka hoike ma luna o kaʻoihana i loko o nīnau. 'O kahi la'ana, hiki i ka mea hana ke hā'awi i kahi palapala hō'oia kūikawā i ka limahana - inā makemake'ia e ka mea'auhau kūpono - 2-NDFL. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i kekahi ma nā'ano pili pili kānāwai. Eia kekahi la'ana, i ka helu'ana i kahi unuhi'ana, i ka wā e ho'opa'a inoa ai i kahi hō'ai'ē me kahi pēlā, e loa'a ana i ka visa ma kahi'elele o ka'āina'ē. 'O nā mea a pau no ka mea'o ka palapala hō'ike o ka 2-NDFL e loa'a ai nā'ike e pili ana i ka uku maoli o ka mea i loa'a i loko o kahi hui e haku'ia ana, a ma ka manawa like, he luna'auhau.

'O nā Firima e lawelawe ana i nā lāhui ma lalo o nā'aelike'oihana e mālama i nā kuleana i loko o ke kumumana'o o ka hō'ike'ana i ka'Oihana Dute o ka Moku'āina. No laila, pono lākou:

- e ho'ouna aku i nā pepa'auhau 'auhau o ka Moku'āina ma nā kālā o nā kānaka, ka nui o nā'auhau i helu'ia ma luna o nā kālā kūpono e pili ana - i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma mua o'Apelila 1 o ka makahiki, i hala aku i ka makahiki hō'ike;

- Ka helu'ana o ka nui o nā'auhau i helu'ia a kāohi'ia e ka'eha - ma ka hapaha makahiki, a hiki i ka hopena o ka malama, kahi i'oi aku ma mua o ka hapaha hō'ike.

'O ka palapala mua wale nō ka palapala hō'ike'o 2-NDFL. Ma ka hihia'elua, he kumu e hiki ai ke hā'awi aku i ka mea'auhau i ka Federal Tax Service no nā limahana he'ano 6-NDFL. Inā ho'oka'awale'ia nā'āpana ho'oka'awale o ka hui, pono ia lākou e ho'ouna i nā palapala i hō'ike'ia i ka Federal Tax Service ma kahi o ke kākau inoa - i nā ke'ena kūpono o ka'Āpana Laa'a o Federal. Ho'onui'ia kēia mau kuleana i nā IP a me nā hui kānāwai.

I kekahi mau hihia, makemake'ia nā luna'auhau kālā e ho'ouna aku i ka'ike i ka'auhau'auhau kālepa e pili ana i nā limahana a me nā kānaka'ē a'e i ka leka uila. No kēia kumuhana, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia nā'ano like'ole o nā pono. 'O kēia, e like me ke'ano o ka papahana "luna'auhau". 'O ka'auhau kālā pilikino me ke kōkua o ia mea, hiki ke helu'ia mai nā'ano kālā like'ole o ke kanaka'ōiwi. No laila, aia kēia polokalamu i waena o nā kūlana kaulana i waena o nā hui Lūkini.

Aia nā ho'ololi like'ole o kēia polokalamu. No laila,'oi aku ka nui o nā kālā o nā hui nui i ka hana maika'i'ana i ka helu'ana i ka'auhau'auhau pono'ī "Luna'auhau'auhau-UL" i ke kūlana o nā hui kānāwai. 'O ka papahana e no'ono'o nei e hā'awi ana i ka hana,'o ka mea mua loa, me kēlā'ano o ka hō'ike e ho'okumu'ia e RF Federal Tax Service. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka "'auhau'auhau" 6-NDFL, 2-NDFL a i'ole 3-NDFL ka mea i hiki ke ho'ohālikelike i ke'ano lō'ihi. E a'o mākou i nā pono'ē a'e o kēia polokalamu ma nā mea kiko'ī.

"Luna'auhau-YL": nā'ano a me nā pono

'O ka hi'ohi'ona nui o ka pūnaewele i nīnau'ia, ka mea e hiki ai iā'oe ke hana i nā'ano like'ole - 2-NDFL, 3-NDFL a i'ole 6-NDFL - ma ka "Taxpayer-YL" e hiki ai ke komo'ana i ka hōkeo'ikepili. No laila, hiki iā ia ke hana e like me ka'ike, a me ka'ike kālā novice.

'O ka māhele nui loa o ka pūnaewele pili like he mea noa ia. Ho'opuka'ia kēia papahana e nā ke'ena kikowaena o ka Federal Tax Service o Rusia. I mea e ho'opuka ai i kahi palapala hō'ike hou i ka Federal Tax Service, ma ka la'ana, 6-NDFL, pono e loa'a nā'ikepili kūpono e pili ana i nā'ao'ao kūpono i ka "Taxpayer-UL". No kēia, ua paipai'ia ka papahana e ho'ololi mau i nā manawa - ke ki'i'ana i kāna palapala hou loa mai ka pae o ka Federal Tax Service.

Aia kekahi o nā hi'ohi'ona kaulana o ka pūnaewele, a mākou e kama'ilio nei:

- loa'a ka papahelu i kūkulu'ia o ka mea kālā;

- ke hele ma kona'onihina o kahi "Wizard Document" kūpono, i hiki ai iā'oe ke hana i nā hō'ike;

- ka hiki ke mālama i nā mo'olelo ma luna o kekahi po'e'auhau'auhau a luna paha;

- ke hiki i ka papa inoa papa inoa codesKK, OKVED, OKUN.

Ka'auhau a me ka ho'oka'awale'ana o ka pilikino

E no'ono'o i kahi hi'ohi'ona'ano'ē a'e o ka'auhau i nīnau'ia - unuhi. 'O ka mea'oia'i'o, hiki i nā'auhau kālepa'ike kālā ke loa'a:

- e hoemi i ka auhau ma ka lilo o na koina, i hoopaa ia iloko o ka manawa olelo hoike hookahi, iloko o ia mau dala i loaa;

- e ho'iho'i i kahi hapa o ka auhau kālā pilikino mai ka palena kālā.

Ma nā hihia'elua,'o ka ho'okō'ia'ana o nā hana ho'oku'u i ho'opa'a'ia e ke kānāwai o ka Russian Federation.

I ka hihia mua - i ka wā e loa'a ai ka'auhau kālā kanaka pilikino ma nā ho'olimalima, hiki ke unuhi'ia ma ke'ano like'ole e like me ke'ano no ka hō'emi'ana i ka'auhau kālā ma kahi'oihana'oihana. Wahi a kēia papahana, hana nā PI - ho'emi lākou i ka NDFL e pili ana i nā koina e pili ana i ka'oihana. Ho'opili'ia nā unuhi'oko'a. Ma lalo o ke kumuhana'elua, hā'awi'ia nā deductions i ka waiwai o nā kānaka - ka waiwai, ka pilina, ke kūlana.

'O nā kumu o ka helu'ana i nā koena o ke'ano mua a'elua paha, he'ano'oko'a loa ia. E like me ka mea i'ike'ia ma luna nei,'ike'ia nā mea ho'ona'auao'oihana aia ka'auhau kālā kālā a ka luna'auhau. Pono e kākau'ia. Inā'a'ole kēia ka hihia, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia nā unuhi i ho'ohui'ia i'ōlelo'ia i loko o ke kānāwai o ka Russian Federation. 'O ka unuhi'ana o ka lehulehu a me ka waiwai e pili ana i ka uku o ka luna'auhau no ka ho'ona'auao'ana, a me ka loa'a'ana o ka waiwai. Ma muli o ko lākou nui, hiki ke uku'ia ka huina e hiki i ka lāhui ke ho'i mai mai ka waihona kālā. 'O ka nui o ka unuhi'ana e pili ana ma luna o ka nui o ka waiwai o ke kama'āina a lākou i uku ai i ka'auhau kālā pilikino.

'O nā unuhi ho'ohālike he'ano kūikawā kūpono. Kūle'a lākou inā he kūlana ko'iko'i kēia. 'O ke ki'eki'e o lākou ka mea i loa'a i ke kanaka, akā, pono e ho'omaopopo'ia, he'u'uku ka unuhi'ana o nā unuhi. I ke kamaaina, ma ka rula, ka mea, ua hana - a me ka oihana o ka lawelawe nui, loa paha,ʻo ia nō e hiki ke loaa mai ka State i piha.

'O nā'auhau'auhau'auhau kālā e lawe i nā unuhi ma muli o nā'ano like'ole. Eia kekahi la'ana, hiki ke ho'onui'ia ka uku waiwai ma muli o ka makahiki'auhau, a ma ke'ano o ka hiki ke hiki'ole ke uku i ka'auhau kālā pilikino i loko o ka manawa hō'ike manawa kūikawā. 'O ka ho'oiho'ia'ana kahi'āpana kālā i hā'awi'ia e ka moku'āina i loko o ka palena palena. No laila, inā, hou, e kama'ilio e pili ana i ka uku waiwai -'o ko lākou nui loa he 260,000 rubles. Ma kēia hihia, inā kū'ai kekahi kanaka i ka waiwai, e like me ka helu'ana o ka unuhi'ana, i loko o ka moraki - hiki ke helu'ia ho'i i ka ho'iho'i'ana o ka'auhau kālā pilikino i ka huina 390,000 rubles mai ka ukupanee no ka loina.

'O ka'ōlelo'o 3-NDFL kekahi o nā palapala nui no ka unuhi'ana i kahi unuhi. Ho'okomo pinepine'ia e ka mea'auhau i kekahi manawa, i kekahi manawa - me ke kōkua'ana o ka mea hana a i'ole i kahi hui kūikawā e hā'awi ana i nā lawelawe no ka hō'ike'ana i ka'Oihana'Ai Moku'āina. No ka unuhi'ana, hiki paha iā'oe ke hā'awi i nā palapala kāleka, nā'ike pilikino o ka mea'auhau, e ho'opiha i kahi noi me ka'auhau'auhau. Hiki ke noi'ia ka papa inoa piha o nā kumu i makemake'ia no ka hana o ka uku'ana i ka uku kūpono mai ka ke'ena'āina o ka Federal Tax Service.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana ka nui ke ano laulā, loaa wale Lūkini nā kupa. Ia mea i ka auhau, a he pōpilikia ma ka uku o 13%. Ma kekahi mau hihia, hiki ae offset nui i hoakaka ia ma ke kanawai o ka Russian Hui, a me ka malama ana o ke kamaaina wau e uku auhau i ka moku'āina. Nō kāu, keia pono i na koina o ka kamaaina wau e hoʻomākauaka no ka mea nui, e like me ka pono i loaa mai i ka makahiki auhau i heluʻia, i lewa i loko o ka palapala o ka mea hookahi auhau wā. E pono ai wehewehe no keia huakai kaapuni a ka i kupono e noi pololei i FTS.

hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Ke'ī mai, ka mea pilikino makahiki auhau a loaʻa auhau, pili i ka pekelala uku, a accrued loaa kanaka, i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o kā lākou hana, pāʻoihana a me nā hana pili i ka kivila kānāwai ana. Payers o ka makahiki auhau e māheleʻia i loko o 2 walaʻauʻana waeʻano - RF nā kupa a me ka mea e ole i keia kūlana. Ka lua o ka noonoo uku auhau ma ke kōmi kiʻekiʻe. A o ka poe a 'ē aʻe aiee o ka pilikino makahiki auhau e kau ia no kekahi' ano o ka makahiki kona i loaa mai ma ka makaainana.

Me ka pili ana i na loio i kūlana o ke kanaka makahiki auhau payer, ka mea, i ia ma kona ano maoli kanaka a SP. Ma ka hihia mua, ka mea e uku aku ka uku auhau i ka mea e pono ai ke ala mai, mai ka loaa ana mai o ka uku makahiki, ka uku ma lalo o kivila kānāwai hana, i ke kuai ana o ka waiwai. SP uku ka makahiki auhau, ina o ka hana ma ka pono nenoaiu o ka auhau. Inā ka mea, e kakau ma ka Nohie auhau'ōnaehana a UTII, i ka malama, e uku ka loaa auhau ma luna o ia mau mea hiki ole e hāʻawi.

Subjects uku o ka makahiki auhau i ke koi 'ia e hōʻike i ka Pekelala Auhau Service o ka loaʻa ai mea e pāʻani aku me ka auhau Aupuni ma ka nui likeʻole. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, e hoʻohana i ka hoakaka 3-lua. He nui no ka pono noonoo kona kumu o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka uku', e pili ana i kona mau kumu o ka makahiki. Ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka like undesirable hoike ana'ku. No ka laʻana, ina he 3-lua uku 'waeʻano kuhi mea pololei ole - e mea hiki i ka Pekelala Auhau Service E hoomanao i i ka palapala i pololei ole, no laila, ia oe e pono e hou-hoʻolako' ia 'ana o ka Office.

Mau 'ano o ka hoike ana i ka Pekelala Auhau Service o ka Russian Hui i kukuluia no ka auhau konohiki. No ka laʻana, ka mea, i ke koi 'ia e lilo - hoʻohana kuʻuna ki ina hana like' ole ma ka harnessing ka lako polokalamu - "uku '" 6-lua, a he lua-2, a hoouna ia lakou i ka auhau inspectorate.