'O ke kumulā'au niho ali'i. He aha ke'ano a me ke'ano o nā'ano ma'amau e ola ana?

He mea nui ke kumupona i ka ho'opi'i a me ka pono o ka'ōlelo. Hāpai lākou i ka'ai'ana, ka hanu'ana, ka ho'onui'ana i ka leo a me ka ho'onohonoho'ōlelo. 'A'ole hiki iā ia ke ho'ololi iā lākou iho, a'o ka ikaika wale nō. 'O ke'ano o ka lolo a me ka'ike e kōkua i ka mālama'ana i nā niho a hā'awi i ka manawa kūpono e ho'oholo i ka'ōlelo a'o a nā lapa'au.

Ke'ano o ka maka'ana o nā niho

I loko o ka dentistry, ho'ohana nā kauka lapa i kahi helu e hō'ailona i ka mea ma'i a mālama i ka mālama'ana i kāna kāleka. 'O ke'ano o ke'ano o nā niho a pau ke kahaki'ia i ke'ano o kahi'ano kūikawā, i kapa'ia'o "ke kumine niho ali'i." Ma nā'ano kumu'ē a'e,'o nā niho o nā niho e hana ana i nā hana like'ole e hō'ike'ia ma nā huapalapala a me nā huapalapala Roman a me nā helu. Aia kekahi mau pūnaewele no ka'ike'ana i nā niho. 'O kēia ke'ano ma'amau o Zygmondi-Palmer, a me ke'ano o ka honua o Viola, a me ka pūnaehana Haderup a me ka mana o nā kumuhana alphanumeric multifunctional.

'O ka Sigmondi-Palmer pūnaewele

'O ke kumukū o nā niho,'o ka mea mua, ua kau'ia ma ke kumukānāwai pūnaewele-nui o Zygmondi-Palmer, i'āpono'ia i ka makahiki 1876. 'O ke'ano,'o nā niho o nā mākua a pau i kahakaha'ia me nā helu'Āla mai 1 a 8. I nā keiki, ua helu'ia lākou me nā helu Roma mai ka I a V.

Kuleana helu'elua o Viola

Ua'āpono'ia e ka International Federation of Dentists i ka makahiki 1971. Ma keia hana, lalo a luna e māheleʻia i loko o eha quadrants i 8 niho. He helu ho'olālā ka mea a ke kanaka makua - 1, 2, 3, 4, a me nā keiki - 5, 6, 7, 8. Ma kēia'ano,'o ka helu o ka ho'ohālike e hō'ike'ia e ka huahelu mua. A'o ka helu'elua ka helu o ka niho (mai 1 a 8). 'O kēia ke kumulā'au niho kanaka,'o ka'ōnaeho e kōkua ai i ke kau'ana i ka puka o ka iwi.

'O kēia'ano pūnaewele ka mea i kūpono loa e ho'ohana, no ka mea,'a'ohe palapala a laina. A ma kēia'ano, i loko o ke ke'ena o ka dentist, hiki iā'oe ke lohe i ke koho'ana e pono ai ke mālama i ka 34th a 47th dent, a me ke keiki - 51st ai'ole 83rd. Akā,'a'ole ia he mana'o he 47 ka makua me ke keiki 83.

Pūnaewele Haderup

Ma keia kumumanaʻo, e hooholo i ka wahi o nā niho i hoʻohana Apapika numerals. Hō'ea ka laina ki'eki'e me ka hō'ailona "+", a me ka laina lalo me ka hō'ailona "-". Waiu niho i hōʻike i nui 1 i ka 5 me ka hou o ka 'Aʻohe, a me nā hōʻailona like "+" a "-" ma e like me na molars.

'O ke'ano alcalumeric multifunctional

'O kēia polokalamu, i ho'omaopopo'ia e ka American Dental Organization, he'ano like'ole ka loa'a'ana o nā niho o ka lālani i kāna mau helu pono'ī a me kahi leka i nā keiki. Pono e ha'alele i ka helu, e ho'omaka me ka niho'ākau, a laila e waiho i ka'ākau ma ka laina lalo.

'O ke kumulā'au niho o kānaka, ka mea i ho'opili'ia i kāna hana no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka lā'au lapa'au, he mea ko'iko'i loa ia i ka'ike kūpono o ka launa o nā niho ma ka'ao'ao luna a me lalo o ka pūwae. Hiki iā'oe ke'ike me ke ki'i kiko'ī i mea e maopopo ai i ka'ike'ana o nā niho i ka hakahaka o ka kī.

'O nā niho niho

'O ka hala'ole o nā niho o nā keiki e hā'ule i waho a pani'ia e ka lāhui'ōiwi, ma ke'ano he kūlana, i ka makahiki 6-7 makahiki. Akā, aia kekahi mau manawa kū'ē'ole i kēia mau makahiki, pili i nā'ano kūikawā o ke kino. Hiki ke lilo i ka puka niho i mea kōkua ma ke a'o'ana i kēia mau hi'ohi'ona.

No ka'ike'ana pehea e ho'onui'ia ai nā niho, pono pono e ho'omaopopo i ka pilikino o ka ho'ona'auao o ka dentoalveolar a me kona kiko'ī. I loko nō o ka mea i ka mau o ka waiu eʻoki niho ma hope o ka pēpē He hapalua o ka makahiki, ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao mua o ka hāpai keiki. He lā lō'ihi a pa'akikī kēia e pau i ka manawa'ekolu o ka hānau'ana. A i ka hānau'ana o ka pēpē, ho'omaka ka niho mau loa. A i loko o keia manao, ua pono, e mālama ana i ke ola o deciduous niho, e like me ka maʻiʻaʻai caries bebe niho e pono luku aku i ka germ o ka lāhui 'ōiwi.

He aha nā'oko'a?

'O ka niho niho o kahi o nā niho pēpē kekahi mau'ano like'ole me ka manawa mau. He 32 mau niho o kahi kanaka makua, a he 20 mau niho niho ke keiki. 'O ka pinepine o ka nalo'ana o nā niho pēpē i ka wā e oki ana nā a'a. Mahalo pinepine nā mākua i ka hopena o ka'eha, a me ka pohō, hiki ke hele pū me ka'eha no kā lāua keiki. Akā no ka hapanui, ua makehewa ko lākou mau mana'o, no ka mea, ua pau ka koho'ana. 'O ke'ano, i ka wā o ka ho'omākaukau'ana i ka pūnaha dentoalveola e ho'ololi i nā niho, e ho'omaka ana e nalowale ke a'a o ka waiu. A no laila, ho'omaka ka niho e wehe a hā'ule, a ma ko lākou wahi e ulu mau loa ai. E like me ke'ano, ke ulu nei ka ulu'ana mai ka mea ha'aha'a ha'aha'a. Ke emi mālie nei ka iho, a'o ka lō'ihi a pau mai 6 a 8 mau makahiki.

Ho'omo'o niho i nā keiki

Piha lapaʻau a haʻilula waiu mau niho i loko o ke keiki e olelo Roma numerals i loko o kēia palapala:

IV IV III II I II III IV V

IV IV III II I II III IV V

Huli'ia kēlā me kēia hapalua o ka āna o nā laina luna a me nā laina he 2 incisors (I a me II), 2 mau niho mau lō'ihi (IV a me V), a me 1 canine (III), ua nalowale nā mola li'ili'i, he 20 mau niho.