'ōkuʻu - He aha ia? Outbreak hookomo ana i

'ōkuʻu - ia mea nuipa a hoi o ka makana i ka makahiki a me ka manawa o ka infectious maʻi, i ka nui o ka i mea mau manawa oi aku ma mua o ana helu anakahi helu i loko o ka palena o ka lesion. Nā luahi o ka maʻi i ka hailona ana o kanaka, i loko o ka nui-ka unahiʻole, ana o ka hana o ka maʻiʻaʻaiʻAʻohe palena a poʻi uuku wahi, a me ka mea a pau aupuni. Kēlā me kēia outbreak paha e okoa mai ka mua poʻe, a ua hele pu me ia e symptoms o ke kumu, ke kaumaha ma muli mau aʻe. Kēia aniau, malie, ka lewa puʻe, Leeuwerikplein wahi, kaiapili-hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana. 'ōkuʻu mea hoʻomaʻi maʻiʻaʻai ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi ana kaʻina hana o ka EYI mai kekahi kanaka i kekahi, a hoʻohuʻu he ana lei o ka sequentially ulu infectious ana.

Mai ahulau, a hoʻomōhala i maʻi'ōkuʻu

Ka noho pilikia loa mai, lawe i ke ano o ka maʻi laha i:

• Ino.
• Cholera.
• Maʻi palū.
• Anthrax.
• Typhus.
• Ebola.

Black ka Make - o ka ino

Ahulau, (aka "Black Holo Malie") - he maʻi weliweli, a luku holoʻokoʻa kulanakauhale, holoiia, mai ka honua mai o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka kauhale. Ka mua hoohiki ana o ka maʻi i kākau i loko o ka VI kenekulia: ia mea he gloomy ao o Hoamakeikekula i ka aina o ka hikina Roman aupuni a pau, a luku aku haneri o nā tausani o ke kanaka a me kā lākou aliʻi Justinian. E hele mai ana, mai Aigupita mai, a ua palahalaha ae ma ka hikina a me ke komohanaʻaoʻao - ma ke kapakai o Aferika ma Alexandria, a ma Suria, a Palesetina i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o West Asia - i ke ahulau a me 532 580 i ka makahiki ku na aina. Kona ala o "ʻeleʻele make" hana kuai? Ooia ma na mokuna, unceremoniously 'aneʻii hohonu i loko o ka'āinapuniʻole. Kona piko o ka ino i, komo i loko o Helene a me Tureke i loko o nā makahiki 541-542, a laila, ma ka mokuna o ke kālā no Italy, Palani a me Hawaii. Oiai ka heluna kanaka o ka hikina mai Roma aupuni a pau i hoemi ma ka hapalua. Kela a me keia hanu, haʻahaʻa-papa kuni, malaise he na iki pilikia, a i ole kumu hoʻomalu i ke kanaka hoala mai la i ke kakahiaka.

Kona lua me ka weliweli ino kai eʻe hai hou i loko o ka XIV kenekulia, me ka hoohuoi ana Europa aina a pau. Five haneri makahiki o ka noho alii ana o ka maʻi koi i ke ola o ma kahi o 40 miliona kanaka. Ke kumu no ka'ōlohelohe laha ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai i ka nele o ke kula haʻahaʻaa kou niho mākau, lepo a me ka ilihune: paʻa. Ma mua o ka mea maʻi, ua powerless ke kauka, a kuhikuhi ai 'ana me ia. No ka mea hoʻolilo ana o na kupapau nele nā panalāʻau e, no laila lākou i eli iho i ka nui lua i i piha me nā haneri o nā heana. Ehia na kanaka ikaika, uʻi wahine, lokomaikai keiki squinted lokoʻino ka make, e uhai i ke kaulahao o ka haneri o nā hanauna a pau.

Ma hope o ka nele ho'āʻo i kauka ike i ka pono mākou e hoʻohana i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka maʻi kanaka mai ola. A laila, a ua dala ma ka quarantine, a i ka mua ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka kaua maʻiʻaʻai. Mākou i kūkulu kūikawā hale ma i ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana i mālama i ka lā 40 ma lalo o ka ikaika pāpā o ka heleʻana i waho. Hiki aku malina lawe aku i aoia mai, e ku ma na alanui no ka lā 40, me ka haalele i ka awa.

Ke kolu o ka nalu o ke ahulau o ka maʻi hele i China ma ka hopena o 19th kenekulia, e lawe ana me ia no ka 6 mahina ma kahi o 174 tausani kanaka. I ka 1896, ua luku aku la oia ma Inia, ka mea i lilo i loko o ia au weliweli o ka oi ma mua o 12 miliona kanaka. Ua Ua ukali e South Africa, South a me North America. Pākē nā moku halihali mokulele o ke ahulau, bubonic ano mea ua hoʻokomoʻia he o na moku a me ka awa iole. Ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka quarantine kauka e hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai rodents nuipa Polenekia i ke kai wahi kaula i lako me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā pā.

Weliweli mai mea i hookoe mai i kekahi a me Rusia. I ka XIII-XIV kenekulia i ke kulanakauhale Glukhov a me Belozersk make mai loa ma Smolensk pakele 5 kupa. Elua weliweli makahiki ma Pskov a Novgorod'āina koi i ke ola o ka 250 tausani kanaka.

Ka mea hiki wale mai o ke ahulau, naʻe hele aku la ia a hiki i ka emi ana ma ka 30-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, akā, mai ka manawa i ka manawa i ia manaʻo. Mai 1989 a hiki i 2003 ma ka 'Amelika, Asia, Aferika i kākau 38 tausani. Hihia o ke ahulau maʻi. I ka 8'āina (China, Mongolia, Vietnam, ke aupuni Repubalika o ka Kongo, ka United Repubalika o Tanzania, Madagascar, Peru, United States) laha - o ka makahiki outbreak o hou me ka paakiki regularity.

Symptoms o ke ahulau maʻiʻaʻai

symptoms:

• General kupapaʻu kulana.
• ? Ac? O ka li nui i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, lymph aka wahi, a 'ē aʻe nā loko.
• High Mahana O Ke Kai - mai i 39-40 ⁰ C.
• Loa headache.
• Pinepine nausea a me ka luaʻi.
• Pōniuniu.
• Kanikani'āʻula.
• Hallucinations.

ino ano

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna hiʻona, i ka wa a kaʻili-bubonic ano o ka maʻi ma ke kahua o ka mea hoʻomaʻi anal ula ke kina ole akaka, e huli i loko o ka hue piha me ka purulent koko Contents. Pustules (Oe) koke o poha, ho okumu i ka ulcer. Ua ka hooulu ana o ka li nui, e lilo buboes ma lymph aka wahi, Aia kokoke i ka wahi o ka anal o ke ahulau koʻohune.

Pulmonary maʻi wehewehe aku ma ka li nui o na ia maʻiʻaʻai (pneumonia mai ino), pu ma ka manao o ka nele i ka lewa, cough, sputum? Iecaianoaaiiie me ke koko ka admixture.

Intestinal ke kahua me ua pu ma profuse diarrhea, pinepine me mucus a me ke koko i loko o ka noho.

Septicʻano o ke ahulau pu ma ka nui kahe ana ke koko i loko o kaʻili, a mucous membranes. He holo paakiki a me ka mea pinepine ona ma ke ano maoli, i hoike mai ai ia ia iho ma ka mau intoxication a me ka hui, lesions no 2 - 3 lā (no ka mea pneumonic palapala) a me 5 - 6 kela la i keia (bubonic ano). Me ka lapaʻau make o 99,9%.

lapaʻau

Lapaʻau ua lawe mai wale nō i loko o ka haukapilaʻo kūikawā. Inā 'oe hāʻupu aʻe i kēia maʻi ua urgently pono ai hoʻokaʻawale o nā mea maʻi, disinfection a me ka disinfestation lumi a me nā mea a pau i nā mea a pau i ka hoʻomanawanui i paku ole. Ma ke kulanakauhale, kahi o ka maʻi i 'akomi i, ka mea, kau mai quarantine, paʻaʻeleu immunization a me ka pilikia chemoprophylaxis.

Maʻi palū - "Italian kuni"

Ua Ua lōʻihi Ua mau no ka heluna i kaʻike, o ka "maʻi palū". Wela, nui puʻu, runny ihu - ua i manaoia e e abnormally hopohopo, a ia ia me ka lapaʻauʻia a me ka moe koena. Ua i hoʻokahi haneri makahiki aku nei loa okoa, ka wā mai o ka maʻi make mai ma kahi o 40 miliona ola.

Maʻi palū i mua i olelo ia iloko o ka nui kahiko kauka Hippocrates. Ke kiʻekiʻe e wela ana o nā mea maʻi, headaches a me Muscle eha, e like me kiʻekiʻe infectivity valyl i lalo i loko o ka pōkole au o ka haneri o kanaka, ulu i loko o ka maʻi laha, i ka loa nui o ka i uhi mai holoʻokoʻa aina a me âinapuni.

Ma ka Middle Ages, ka maʻi palū outbreak mea ole uncommon, a ua kapaia "Italian kuni" e like me nā mea maʻi manaʻo kuhihewa manaoio i ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai ua lā Italy. Lapaʻau oia hoi o copious inu infusions o nā lāʻau ikiʻai a me ka meli, kōkua i ka nāwaliwali, a me na kumu, e hoola i ka hoʻomanawanui iki mai i kekahi mea hou hiki ole manaʻo. A mawaena o na kanaka o ka maʻi palū ahulau o ka hoopai ana, mai ke Akua mai no na hewa i hana 'ia, a me kanaka pule ana i ke Akua, i loko o ka manaolana i ka maʻi, e holo alaʻokoʻa kā lākou mau hale.

A hiki i ka XVI kenekulia ahulau - ka mea, ua i ka maʻiʻaʻai ole ka inoa, i kauka hiki ole ho oholo i ke kumu o kona hanana. E like me ka hiki i kekahi kuhiakau, e kupu ana mai hoʻopololei i loko o ka ua kaʻina o ano lani kahi. Ua haawi mai i ka palapala inoa - ". Hopena, hopena" "maʻi palū", i unuhi ia mai Italian ano Ka lua o ka kuhiakau - emi poetic. Regularity o ka hanana o ka infectious maʻi i ua hōʻike 'ia me ka hoouka kaua o ka hooilo mahina, e hooholo i ka pilina o ka maʻi me ka i kupu mai hypothermia.

ʻO kēia inoa o ka "maʻi palū" hang nei ekolu kenekulia hope, a ma ka 'ōlelo Palani a me ka Kelemānia mea "e puliki", wā i ke suddenness o kona helehelena: He kanaka kokoke i ka mea o ka hola ua loaa mai i loko o ka lima o ka lele maʻiʻaʻai.

Ua i nā kānaka apau i nei mea he mana i nāʻanuʻu ma waena o maʻi'ōkuʻu o ka maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi ka hāhai i ka manu a me na holoholona. Kauka a pau ma luna o ka honua i loko o ka moku'āina o stress a me ka ikaika aku mākaukau no ka mea e hiki mai ana ka nalu o ka maʻi palū laha i kela manawa ke kipa i ka manaʻo kanaka i loko o ka Hoʻololi 'moku'āina.

I kēia mau nā mea hoʻomaʻi - Ebola

Currently, manaʻo kanaka uaʻalo me ka hou maʻi - Ebola, e ku e ia i ole i invented i kekahi mea o ka paio, e like me ka hou'ōkuʻu - ia mea pau loa ia i ike oleʻano o ka maʻi. E hoomaka ana ma Pepeluali 2014 i loko o Guinea, ua palahalaha ae ia Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra ka maʻiʻaʻai - Leone, Senegal, Mali, kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Sepania.

Ka maʻi laha, i kumu - nele o ka sanitation, hune kou niho, e like me kaʻoihana hilinaʻi wiwo lanakila kilomika o ?? eoi?. I loko o ka lima o ka kokololio laha ana o ka lele maʻiʻaʻai - i ka mooolelo o ka kūloko heluna kanaka, ma ka mea a lakou e honi i ke kino ma ka māheleʻana, holoi i ke kupapaʻu kanuʻiaʻo ia ma kahi o ka wai, i hiki aku ai i ke ana kaulahao o ka maʻiʻaʻai ana o nā kanaka.

Kāohi ana e pale maʻi'ōkuʻu

Kekahi outbreak o ka maʻi 'ole e hana e like me ia, a me ka hopena o ka pilina ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka ano.

Nolaila, e pale aku i ka uwila laha o hou nā mea palahēhē a puni ka honua, e lawe i ke kēia mau kāohi ana i koi 'ia:

• ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka ?? eoi? ee, sewerage, wai lako;
• hoonui ola-ō a moʻomeheu o ka heluna kanaka;
• ana o na rula o ka pilikino kou niho ;
• kupono pēpēʻana a me ka waiho waho pūnaewele o nā huahana;
• ke kaupalenaʻana nohona ha awina bacilli lawe.