'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka pituitary

Ke pituitary gland, 'ole a me ka oihana o ka i ana au i ke hope, o ka hui, o ka endocrine nenoaiu. Ua hapa 3 hui. E ka mea i ka mana o ka pituitary gland o ka lolo mākou noʻonoʻo. I ka pau ana o ka 'atikala, he hou mea. Ma kekahi, i ka papaʻaina. iki pituitary hana i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o laila.

holo

E like me ka pituitary gland ua mana? Launch, lapaʻau o kāna hana, hui, kēia hanana hulina i mau me ka nānā 'ana i ka moku'āina o ke koko holo. Kekahi mauʻano o ka hui, koko lako i loko o na hihia a pau i kuleana ole i ka rula o kona hope.

Lala o ka carotid (pahale) artery a me ka pōʻai o Willis i hanaʻia ma luna, a malalo kino kaha. Ka mua 'ano apau loa o ka' ano ikaika capillary aʻeo ka hoʻolele 'ana i ka Media eminence māhele o ka hypothalamus. Merge e hana i ka moʻo o ka moku o ke Ka nū aa koko lōʻihi. Lakou iho ma ka adenohypophysis a ōhāhā o ka palapala i loko o ka anterior lobe plexus sinusoidal capillaries. Nolaila, ma keia hapa o ka kino o ka mea pololei koko lako i kahi e. Koko ua hānai i loko o ia, mai ka Media eminence ma ka nū nenoaiu. Kēia mau hiʻona i ka nui nui no ka rula o kēlā me kēia hana o ka anterior pituitary. Keia mea no ka mea, na axons ma neurosecretory keena o ka hypothalamus i loko o ka Media eminence māhele 'āina i hana aksovazalnye hui' ana.

Neurosecretion a hoʻokonukonu peptides ma ka puka pā o na moku komo iloko o ka adenohypophysis. Hope o ke kino 'Oihana loaʻa ke koko mai ka lalo arteries. Ke adenohypophysis kaulana kiekie loa pinepine 'pono, oiai kona' ilikai mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka loa'ē aʻe nā'aʻaʻa.

Venous moku ma ka anterior lobe kikowaena hope venules. Ke outflow mai o ka hui, ua lawe mai i loko o cavernous sinus venous paakiki iwi, a laila, - ma ka mea ulana pukapuka, he pono ole. A oi aku ka leo o ke koko e neʻe aku retrograde i ka Media eminence. He pilikia ka wā e hana ana i kou manaʻo maomeka ma waena o ka hypothalamus a me ka pituitary gland. Kōkua aloha o innervation o na moku koko ua lawe mai ma postganglionic olona, holo ana o ka mea ulana pukapuka, vascular.

Pituitary gland: 'ole a me ka papa (pokole)

E like me ka olelo mai ma luna, i loko o kēia hui, i ekolu papa. Ke alo ua kapaia anterior pituitary. E like me ke morphological hiʻona, keia mahele o ka gland epithelial kumu. Inā loaʻa kekahi mauʻano o ka endocrine keena.

Posterior lobe kapaia ka neurohypophysis. Ua Ua hanaʻia i embryogenesis like me ka bulging ventral hypothalamus, a wehewehe aku ma ka pono me ka mea neuroectodermal kumu. Ma ka posterior hapa o ka akoakoa pituitsidy - kālī-hoʻokino keena, a neural hypothalamic axons.

Kuwaena mahele (like i ka mua) mea epithelial kumu. Kēia 'Oihana Uaʻaneʻane mamao au i loko o kānaka, akā,ʻano maopopo i olelo ia, no ka laʻana, ma rodents, nā holoholona a me nā meaʻuʻuku ruminants. waena lobe o ke kuleana pili i kekahi kanaka hanaʻia he uuku helu o ka pae ana o aeee i loko o ka mua loa o ka hope mahele, ooieoeiiaeuiiai a me ka embryological pili me ka anterior pituitary. Next, noonoo i nā māhele i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna ma ka au mamuli.

? iecaianoaaiiuo o hormones

Structurally anterior pituitary keena hōʻike ewalu hoailona ia mea, elima o ka i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka secretory kuleana pili i. Mau kumu mua nā, ma ka a pau:

• Somatotrofy. It acidophilusʻulaʻula nā kumumea me ke olonā i granules. Ka mea, paka ulu hōmona.
• Laktotrofy. Kēia yellow acidophilus nā kumumea me ka nui granules. Ka mea, paka prolactin.
• Tireotrofy basophil. Mau keena paka thyroid-noho haumāna kahi hōmona.
• Gonadotrofy basophil. Mau kumu mua paka LH a me FSH (gonadotropins: follicle noho haumāna kahi a luteinizing hormones).
• Kortikotrofy basophil. Mau kumu i lawe adrenocorticotropic hōmona corticotropin. Iʻaneʻi, e like me ia ma na kumu mua o ka palapala mahele, hana melanotropin a me ka Hoʻokolohua-endorphin. Mau i huiʻia i loko mai precursor nā lātoma lipotropinovyh i huiʻia.

corticotropin

He He cleavage huahana o proopiomelanocortin lawa ka nui glycoprotein i ua hana basophilic kortikotrofami. Kēia kumuʻiʻo hui ua maheleia i mau apana. Ka lua o kekahi - lipotropin - Wāwahi kaʻawale, a haawi melanotropinʻakika'amino endorphin. , He mea nui i loko o ka ha awina o ka antipain (antinociceptive)'ōnaehana a me ka modulation hanauna adenohypophyseal hormones.

Physiological 'ole o ka corticotropin

Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o extraadrenal a me ka adrenal. Recent noonoo nui. Ma lalo o ka hana o ka corticotropin mahuahua hoʻololi kemikala o hormones. I ka loaʻa o ka oi o ka hyperplasia a me hypertrophy o ka adrenal cortex. Extraadrenal hana ua hoike ma ka hahai ole:

• E hoomahuahua oe i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ulu hōmona a me ka insulina.
• Lipolytic hopena ma adipose'aʻaʻa.
• Hypoglycemia aie i ka stimulation o insulina secretion.
• Hoonuiia palapala moʻopane o melanin hyperpigmentation aie i hormonal pilina o ka lātoma me ka melanotropin.

I ka oi corticotropin ia 'ana o Cushing pū mea eʻoi aʻe mahuahua ma cortisol i loko o ka adrenal. Ua kapaʻia kēia pathology pituitary Cushing ka. Hoemiia pituitary hana hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka nele o glucocorticoids. Ua Ua pu ma metabolic hoʻololi ai i hoike ano a me ka mea hōʻemi o ia'ku i ka mea mawaho kaiapuni.

Gonadotropic pituitary kuleana pili i

? Ac? O kekahi i huiʻia, mai ka halepaahao pellets okoa okoa pōʻaiapuni i loko o nā kānaka a me nā wāhine. Pituitary kuleana pili i hoʻokō i loko o keia hihia ma ka adenylate cyclase-kahi i hoʻomoana ai ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE keiki ua pahuna ma ka moe Hoʻohana. Ke hana ua i kaupalena 'ia ke kahua a me ka secretion o hormones, akā, no hoi ma o ka hana ana o na testes a me ovaries ma ka paa ana i ke kelepona hele receptors follitropin primordial follicle. Ua hiki aku i ka okoa morphogenetic kanawai, i hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka palapala o ka ulu ana o follicles ma ka ovary a me ka granulosa aeee ka hoʻonuiʻana i loko o nā wāhine, e like me ka ulu ana o na testes, spermatogenesis, a me ka widening o Sertoli keena ma kāne a pau.

Iloko o ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o keka hormones ma follitropin malama wale i kākoʻo hopena. Aie i ka 'ole o ka secretory iā ia e hoʻomākaukau no ka lutropin ha awina. A, hauma¯na steroid biosynthesis nā'ūhū. Lutropin triggers ovulation a me ka ulu ana o ovarian kino luteum, a ma na testes noho haumāna kahi kanawai ma Leydinga keena. He ua manaoia he kī steroid ho'ā hope ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka androgen, progesterone a me ka estrogen. E pono ai ke kūpono 'ana o nā gonads, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o steroid i hoʻolako' ia e ka synergistic hana o ka lutropin a me ka follitropin. Ma keia manao, ka mea, ua pinepine hui ma lalo o ka mau inoa "gonadotropins".

Thyrotropin: mau 'ike

Secretion o keia glycoprotein hōmona ua lawe mai noke me ka lawaʻoi fluctuations ma ka lā. Kona i kā mākou lehulehu ike i ka hora e pākuʻi mua hiamoe. Ka hooponopono ua hana ma ka papa AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka pituitary a me ka thyroid glands. Thyrotropin secretion hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i tetraiodothyronine a me ka triiodothyronine. E haapau nei i kou manaʻo like i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hypothalamus a me ka pituitary kuleana pili i ka hoʻopiʻi. Ma ka hope hihia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka suppression o TSH. Nō hoʻi ka mea, 'aʻole hoʻi ia i ka secretion o glucocorticoids. Ka māhuahua? Iecaianoaaiiuo o TSH pale ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kiekie ana wela ma luna o ke kino. Kumumea like me anesthesia, eha a poino, inhibit secretion.

Ke ole o ka thyrotropin

Kēia hōmona He hiki no ka paa ana i kekahi mau 'mea loaʻa i loko o ka thyroid follicular keena, a induce metabolic reactions. Thyrotropin ka poʻea pau e hoʻololi i nā waiwai o ka pūnao, accelerating ka iodine ka hopu manaʻo o steroid a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o thyroid thyroglobulin. Ke mahuahua ma ka thyroid hōmona secretion ia lŘlŘ ma ho'ā hope o ka hydrolysis o thyroglobulin.

Thyrotropin kino ke kaupaonaʻana, piʻi pū aie i ka māhuahua RNA a me ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Ka hōmona ka lawe vnetireoidnoe hana. Ua hoike mai ai ia hoʻomāhuahua mau ana i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o glycosaminoglycans i loko o kaʻili, subcutaneous'aʻaʻa a me ka zaorbitalnoy. He IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ka nele o hormones, no kekahi laʻana, e ku e iodine deficiency. Excessive secretion o TSH goitre, thyroid hyperfunction hoike ana, a mahuahua nui maʻiʻo steroid thyroid (hyperthyroidism), exophthalmos (pucheglazija). I keia a pau ua kapa mau lua kupapaʻu 'maʻi.

somatotropin

Kēia hōmona ua hua mai la i noke aku i ka 20-30 minuke o poha ma adenogipofizarnyh keena. Hooponopono secretion o somatostatin, a lawe somatoliberin (hypothalamic neuropeptides). Hoonuiia? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ulu hōmona malama i ka hiamoe, o ka oi aku i loko o kona kakahiaka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

physiological 'ole

Ka mea, i pili i ka hopena o ka ulu hōmona ma metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ka hapa nui o ka physiological loa mediated ma kekahi humoral aʻe, iwi a me ka akepaʻa. Ka mea, i kapaʻia somatomedins. I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o ka pituitary gland i loko o ka palapala o ka mahuahua a ua hooloihiia ko secretion o ka hōmona hana o humoral aʻe ma luna o cartilage pilikia. Naʻe, i ka nānāʻana aku i loli ma ka lipid a me ka carbohydrate pūnao. E like me ka hopena, ulu hōmona stimulates hyperglycemia ma muli o ka palaho i ka ake a me ka Muscle glycogen, a me ka inhibition o monakō koko hoʻolilo i loko o nā'aʻaʻa. Manawa a hiki i kēia hōmona maoli he insulina secretion. I ka Ia manawa, ulu hōmona stimulates ka ho'ā hope insulinase.

I aku la o'ūhū hana deleteriously ma insulina, me ka hoonaukiuki aku ia'ku i ka mea i loko o nā'aʻaʻa. Kēia me ka hui pu ana o keʻano o ka hanaʻana ke kāhea i ka hoouka kaua o ka mimikō (mimikō).

pituitary hana, aʻikeʻia i loko o ka pūnao o lipids. Aia He He maikaʻi ana (permissive) i ka hopena o ka ulu ana hōmona ma luna o ka waiwai o glucocorticoids a me catecholamines. Nolaila hauma¯na lipolysis o adipose'aʻaʻa, a mahuahua nui noa momomaʻakika lehulehu i loko o ke koko, he mea excessive ho okumu ana o ketone kino i loko o ke ake, a hiki kona infiltration.

Insulina ia'ku hiki e pili me kāna hana i ho'ākāka 'ia zhirovgo e loaa hou mai. I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o ka pituitary gland, i ua kaheaia ma excessive secretion o ka ulu hōmona, ina e hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi,? Ac? Gigantism me ka hapaʻauhau ho okumu ana o ke kumu a me ka lala. I ka oo a me ka adolescence i ka ia manawa he mea he lālā hua Hoʻohana o ka epiphyseal ka ulu ana o skeletal iwi, mau mea o kāpili ossification. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia acromegaly. I ka ulu hōmona deficiency congenital dwarfism 'ano o ka hihia,ʻikeʻia me pituitary dwarfism. Na kanaka i kapaia like Lilliputians.

prolactin

'O kēia kekahi o nā mea nui hormones i ka pituitary gland produces. Oihana ma ke kino, i aku la steroid hanaʻiaʻokoʻa. Ka hapanui ia e loli ai i ka mammary gland. Eia hou kekahi, ia Kākoʻo hōmona secretory ha awina o ke kino a me ka luteum progesterone? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Prolactin ua komo i loko o ka rula o ka wai-moana pūnao, hoemi i ka excretion o ka wai a me ka electrolytes, stimulates ka ulu a me ka hooulu ana o ka mea na nā loko, e paipai 'ia ka ke kahua o ka maternal instinct. E möakäka hou amplification hōmona hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala o ka momona, mai carbohydrates e auaaeaiea i ke kumu no postnatal ke kaupaonaʻana o koʻu pomaikai ia.

Hope a waena pauku: he manawa pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Neurohypophysis hanaʻia pili kēia hoʻolako 'kuleana pili i. Ma keia 'Oihana i pee neurohormones paraventricular a supraoptic nuclei ma ka hypothalamus - oxytocin a me ka vasopressin.

Like no ka palapala mahele, malaila ua hana melanotropin. Kēia hōmona ua synthesized melanin maoli i ka nui o ka noa pigment i loko o nā epidermis, Hoʻoikaika i ka i kaʻili a me ka lauoho waihoʻoluʻu. Melanotropin hanaʻia ai ka hana o ka loloʻakika'amino neurochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka iaiyoe.

ma ka hopena

Table "Pituitary Launch" poe ma lalo nei e leie aku ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo like hana kūkākūkā hui, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka ha awina o ka hui i laweʻia e ia.