Oleg hele ana ma luna o Constantinople: ano, mōʻaukala a me ka hopena

907 makahiki i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia ia ke kaʻao hele ana ma luna o Constantinople ( 'ole e like me ka mea ua kapaia - Constantinople), ka mea i alakai i ka Haku o Novgorod, Oleg. Kēia hanana Ua pili me ka puu o ka speculation a kanalua ma ka aoao o ke kakaolelo, he nui ka poe e manaoio ole ana i loko o ka authenticity o ka helu o ke kumu. Ma keia 'atikala, ua wehewehe mai i loko o au mamuli e pili ana i ke kai eʻe o Oleg ma Constantinople (hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo), a me ka ho'āʻo i ka ike paha i kēia hanana i hiki mai ai, e like me ka mea kokoke mai ka oihana kahiko.

ʻO wai ka mea o ka Prince Oleg?

Oleg i kekahi luna o Novgorod, a me ka Luna Nui Aliʻi o Kiev, e hoʻomaka ana me ka 882 a me 912, a i ka makahiki o kona make ana. ia i loaa ma hope o ka noho luna ana ma ka aina o Novgorod (i hiki mai ma hope o ka make ana o Rurik) me kekahi nā 'ōpio kahu aupuni Igor, ua pio e ke kahiko Kiev. Ka mea, ua hiki i keia kulanakauhale i ia manawa i ka lilo i ke kulanakauhale nui, a me ka hōʻailona o ka hoao ana o ka elua nā-oaio? A no ka Slavs. I mea no ke aha la Prince Oleg pinepine moʻolelo manaʻo like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. A mahope kai eʻe o Oleg ma Constantinople i ua kapaia "wānana" i ke kumu no ka mea.

No ke aha la i ka inoa o Oleg wānana?

Hai mai, "Ka nui o Bygone makahiki", he kai eʻe ia Oleg Constantinople paʻa i loko o 907. Ma ka moʻolelo o ka ninau, ua like precipitated, a i ke kulanakauhale, a hoomaikai aku la i ke koa a me ka mea o ka Haku, ka poe i outwitted ka Byzantines. E like me ke kumu,ʻo ia i hōʻole, e lawe i kaʻapu kōheoheo ai i loko o ia mau mea, i mea ke kumu āna i kapaia "wānana". People ma Rusia mea e like mea hele mai i ke kapa Oleg, ka poe i lanakila maluna o ka poe Helene. I ka huli, kona inoa hele mai ana, mai Scandinavia, a me ka wā unuhiʻano "Hemolele."

Hike Veschego Olega ma Constantinople

I haiia ae maluna,, i ka maʻiʻo o ke kai eʻe a me ka Lūkini-Byzantine kaua i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka PVL (Chronicle). Mau hanana culminated i loko o ka maluhia Kuikahi i kakauinoa ia i loko o 907. Ma kanaka, ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea kaulana i ke aloha i na olelo: "wānana Oleg kui hoʻi, i kona pale kaua ma luna o nā puka pā o Constantinople." Akā, aka hoi, ua kai eʻe ua ole i oleloia ma ka Greek kumu, i maikai like, ma ka mau, no ka mea, aole ia i olelo anywhere koe nae ma ka Lūkini kaao a me nāʻoihana aliʻi.

Eia hou, ua i loko o 911 rusichi kakauinoa i ka hou palapala. A, i ka authenticity o ka hopena o keia berita, i kekahi o na kakaolelo i kanalua.

Byzantium a Rus

It E e kaulana ia ma hope o ke kai eʻe Russes ma Constantinople i ka makahiki 860 i loko o ka Byzantine kumu ole ua hoakaka ia e pili ana i ka pāonioni paʻa me ia. Eia naʻe, he mea kekahiʻauhau'ēʻaʻe hoike i ka mea ku ole. No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻomaka o ka X kenekulia, ua aoia i ka Emperor Leo IV kekahi mau 'ike i kaʻenemi "'ākau Scythians" hoʻohana moku liʻiliʻi, e holo ana ma ka hoʻokēʻai māmā.

Oleg Hike ma ka "nui o Bygone Nam"

E like me ka moolelo mai nei Oleg Hike, ua laweʻia Constantinople ole wale me ke komo ana o ka Slavs, akā, i Finno-Ugric ohana, a i helu ia ma ka kahiko Lūkini kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke kākau i ka hoʻomaka o ka 12th kenekulia - "Ka nui o Bygone Makahiki". Inā manaʻo 'oe i nāʻoihana aliʻi, kekahi koa hu ae la maluna o ka lio ma ke kahakai, a me ka mea' ē aʻe - i ke kai a me ke kōkua o nā tausani moku. A i loko o kēlā ipu i kau nui ma mua o ke kanakolu kanaka. Moʻolelo nō lauwili ina paha e manaoio i ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", a ina paha o kaʻikepili ma ke kai eʻe i olelo ia i loko o kaʻoihana, maoli nō.

Legends Penei kai eʻe

Aoi o ko Prince Oleg ka moho iā Constantinople kekahi he nui helu o ke kaao. No ka laʻana, ka moʻolelo Hōʻike i ke kaa i ua neʻe ma luna o na huila, ma i ka mea, i kau Oleg. Na Byzantines makau iho la lakou i ko lakou hele ana a hiki i Constantinople a noi Russ honua. Naʻe, ka mea lawe i kaʻapu kōheoheo ai, mai a ka Haku hoole mai. A laila, i ka Helene i ole koho, pehea, e haawi aku i ko lakou ae i ka mea i kaumaha aku ai i Oleg. Wahi a ke kaao ana, ia lakou e uku no ka 12 pennies a pau na koa, me pono me he okoa ka nui o nā aliʻi i loko o Kiev, Pereyaslavl, Chernigov, Rostov a me na kulanakauhale e ae, koe wale Novgorod. Akā, i kēia lanakila i ka hopena o ke aliʻi,ʻaʻole. Ma waho aʻeo ia hoʻokahi-manawa hookaa ana, i na Helene o Byzantium e uku Ruses ikaika aku i ka waiwai auhau, e like me ka pili no hoi i ka hopena o ka aelike (ia mea he ninau o ke kuikahi i kakauinoaia i loko o 907), a i manao e hooponopono i ka olelo o ka noho ana, e like me ka hana pāʻoihana Lūkini kalepa ma ka Greek kulanakauhale. Na aoao elua i lawe ae hoʻohikiʻana. A me Oleg, ma ka huli, i i ka hana kaulana loa i i ia kaʻao, e like me ke kaʻao, i loko o ka maka o ka maʻamau kanaka. Ua kau lākou i ka pale kaua ma luna o ka puka o Constantinople, kapikala o Byzantium like me ka lanakila hōʻailona. kauoha Helene i - e humuhumu iho ai ka holo pololei no ka mea Slavic puali. Chronicles i aku nei au ia mea, ua ma hope o ke kai eʻe i pau ma luna o Oleg Constantinople i ka 907, ka luna o na kanaka i kapa ia "wānana."

Eia naʻe, inā nā moʻolelo o kahiko Rus kakaolelo e pili ana i ke kaua ma luna o Constantinople i ka 860, ma muli wale nō ma luna o ka Byzantineʻoihana, ka moʻolelo o kēia kaua ua nānā 'ana i' ike i loaa mai na kaao i i ole, ua mālama '. A ua mau kanaka coincide me na Likes o ka Scandinavian sagas.

aelike 907

He aha e noho ana i nā hua'ōlelo o ka aelike, a ina paha he mea i hana? Inā manaʻo 'oe i ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", ma hope o lanakila hana o Prince Oleg ma Constantinople Ua kakauinoa ia me ka Helene muli o kona kulana waiwai no Rusia palapala. Ke AIM o kona papa kuhikuhiE ai noʻonoʻo e ia i ka resumption o ka maluhia a me ka maikai neighborly pili aloha ma waena o nā kānaka a me ka Hui Pūʻia. Byzantine mana Ho'āʻo e uku Ruses i kekahi dala o ka makahiki auhau (a me kona nui mea nani paa), e like me ka pono i uku he hoʻokahi-manawa uku o ka indemnity - nā ma ke kālā, a me ka mea, ke gula, pohihihi keia fabrics, etc. ka aelike stipulates ka luna-i oleloia .. nui like 'ole uku no kela a me keia koa, a me ka nui o ka malama wahiʻai, a no ka Helene i, e haawi Lūkini poe kuai.

Information e pili ana i ke kai eʻe o Oleg mai nā kumu

E like me ka ike ana o ka Novgorod First Chronicle moʻo o nā hanana i hana ole ia. Ma keia kai eʻe ma luna o Constantinople i hana 'ia ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Prince Igor a "wānana' ia ma kēia hihia - wale i ke alii kiaaina. Chronicle ho'ākāka i nā kaʻao Oleg paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma luna o Constantinople. Makahiki i ka wa a keia ua hoakaka ia me 920, a me ka ka launa pū o ka mea e hiki mai ana e poipu hanana pili i ka 922 makahiki. Naʻe, i ka hōʻike o ke kai eʻe i ka 920 i loko o nā lāliʻi e like me ka ano o Igor ka moho o ka 941 makahiki, i ka lewa i loko o kekahi mau palapala.

Ka 'ike i loaʻa ma loko o kaʻoihana Byzantine i kākauʻia e feria-Simeona ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 10th, he' ike e pili ana i na tiers. Ma kekahi o na hakina o na kakaoleloʻike nā lāliʻi nui i ka olelo wanana a e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai o Ziona Oleg ka make, a ma ke kanaka o Rosa - ka luna. Mawaena o kaʻepekema a me ka hanohano paʻi puke i o ka manao i hoike ia e V. Nikolayev ma Hiking Rosov ka Helene i hana 'ia ma kahi o 904 makahiki. Inā manaʻo 'oe kona no? Ieoaeunoaa (a i ole olelo i loko o kaʻoihana o ka feria-Simeona), i ka hau i luku mai ai i loko o Trikefala mai ka Byzantine alakaʻi Ioanna Radina. A wale i kekahi mau kauoha aku e pakele, mai ka Greek i na mea kaua mai lākouʻikeʻia i Haku.

A. Kuzmin ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ke kikokikona o ka chronicle "Ka nui o Bygone Nam" e pili ana i na hana o Oleg i ua? Aaeaaaaony i ka mea kākau o ka hāʻina o nā haʻawina o ka Bulgarian paha Greek kumu e pili ana i na kaua i alakaʻiʻia e ka luna i hoʻohana. Greek kakaolelo ua'ōlelo hopuna'ōlelo: "He mea ole Oleg akā, Saint Demetrios, a ke Akua i hoouna mai ai iā mākou." Mau olelo hoike, e like me ke kanaka noiʻi, i ka manawa o nā hanana i ka makahiki 904 - ka Byzantines i i kōkua i ka Tesalonike. A haipule o ke kulanakauhale i manaoia hao Dimitriy Solunsky. E like me ka hopena, he nui ka helu o nā kupa o Thessaloniki oki, a me kekahi wale no ia, he hiki ke kaawale mai ka ¶ʻO'Araba pirates. Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, i ka olelo a e hoʻohoka Greek i loaa ia Demeterio hiki e PAaIEN o ka wahi o ka Constantinople hemolele, i ua kahiko o ka'āina kuleana no ka hopena o keia kanaka.

E like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ke ano 'ike chronicle?

I haiia ae maluna,, i ka 'ike e pili ana i ke kaua ua loaʻa wale nō i loko o Lūkiniʻoihana aliʻi, a me ka Byzantine palapala ma keia kumuhana i ole ke koho' ia.

Eia naʻe, inā mākou e nānā i ke kikokikona o ka hakina o nā palapala i kapa ai i ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", ua hiki olelo ana a pau i ka ua 'ike e pili ana i ke kai eʻe 907 makahiki i ole loa fictional. I ka nele o nāʻikepili ma ka Helene kumu, kekahi noiʻi wehewehe hewa lā no i ke kaua i loko o ka "nui o Bygone Makahiki". Aia nō i ka helu o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e e kona pilina me ke kai eʻe Russes (dromitov) 904 o kona mau makahiki, i ka wā kaua i ka Helene i ka poe koa o pirates, alai ae e Lev Tripoliysky. A kumumanaʻo i mea loa e like me ka oiaio, o ka mea kākau o Boris Rybakov a me Lva Gumileva. E like me kā lākou mau kuhiakau, ka 'ike e pili ana i ke kaua i loko o 907 makahiki ka pono, e kapa i ka hanana i ka makahiki 860. Kēia kaua i auou caiaiai me ka 'ike e pili ana i pomaikai ole oe kai eʻe alakai e Askold a me Dir, a i hooeueuia lakou e nā kaʻao o ka halawai kala o na Kristiano heluna o ka paganʻohana.

ka launa pū kai eʻe

Like me, ka mea, ua i ike like i ka ia ia ia i ke kai eʻe o Prince Oleg ma Constantinople. Makahiki, i ka loaʻa o ka hanana (907), ka conditional, a ikea mai ma hope o ke kakaolelo i i kā lākou mau ho. Mai ka hoʻomaka i ke kaʻao o Duke ka papa i hua'ōlelo lā, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka polokalamuʻikepili i maheleia i kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, a i kapa ai i ka loiloi mua a me ka hope wā o kona noho aliʻiʻana.

Eia hou, i ka "nui o Bygone Nam" i ka 'ike, a me ka hoahanau ka launa pū o ke kaua. Ua na 'ike i wānana ma na sages (i ka make ana o ka luna) ua ma ka mea ka ua i ka holo ana no Constantinople elima makahiki ma hope. Inā Oleg make i loko o 912 makahiki (e like me kaʻikepili o ka mohai i loko o nā hana Tatishchev, i mai ai i ka helehelena o Halley - ka kaʻao comet), ka mea kākau i pōpilikia a pau akau.

Meaning kāʻalo ana kēlā i Oleg i Tsargrad

Inā nō he ua he kai eʻe, ka mea hiki ke manao ia he nui kekahi hanana. Ka palapala, i i kakauinoa i ka hopena o ke kai eʻe, e e manaʻo like wā i ka pilina o ka Helene, a Rus manawa no ka umi makahiki e hiki mai ana. Mahope mōʻaukala hanana, kekahi aoao ai kekahi, ua, ua pili i na kaua, a i hana e Prince Oleg, nānā 'ole o ka pololei aʻe.