Askold a Dir - pohihihi aliʻi o Kiev

Ka moolelo o ka wa kahiko Rusia e malama i ka hailonaʻana o nā mea pohihihi a me ka mea. I kekahi o kēia mau mea pohihihi - nā aliʻi mua o Kiev, a makou i ike like Askold a me Dir. Owai ka mea, he poe ma ke kumu, kahi o lakou i hele mai, mai, ka mea i kekahi i kekahi? A i 'ole paha ka mea, ua pau kekahi kanaka?

E ho'āʻo i ka maopopo, outlining ka pono mana, e like me kekahi mau hanana koho e ae moʻolelo, ka nānā 'ana ma luna o loa kekahi kūʻiʻo.

Ka kūhelu mana

Ua Ua manaoio ia Askold a me Dir ua mua Vikings - Russ, e like me ka mea i kapaʻia. Ka mea, aohe pilina me ke aliʻi mō'ī Rurik, akā, wale kona "aliʻi." A lohe o Rurik noho ana ma Novgorod, hoomaka ae la oia e haawi Lūkini kulanakauhale o kona hea ka kanaka. No laila, Dir a Askold la oia e hele ma ke kūkulu hema ma ka huli ana i ke kupono wahi no ka papa. A o ka poe e hele ana ia i ka Dnieper ilalo, ike aku la i ke kulanakauhale nani o Kiev, ma ka hoakaka noho. Askold a Dir ua hoʻoholo e noho ma laila, a hai mai la ia ia iho luna.

Ka mea, e kupaʻa i na kanaka, i nā loina a me ka hoʻomana. I ka waiwai auhau i ka haʻalele i ka ia pae. Eia kekahi, e like me kekahi akau koa, ua maopopo loa ka mea, koa mea, a hele pu ma ka luawai-kaua hui. No laila, na kanaka o Kiev hoʻoholo ihola,ʻaʻole e kipi, a mālie maliu lākou hou luna.

Around 860-866 makahiki Askold a me Dir i i ka oihana koa kai eʻe pīhoihoi e ku e ia Constantinople. E hoomalu i kou kulanakauhale mai militant Russes, ke aliʻi Emperor Michael III hoʻoholo ihola i ka 'ōlelo i ke kaua me ka Arabia, a wikiwiki hoʻi a hiki i ke poʻo.

Kievan luna i hele mai ma lalo o nā paia o Constantinople, e alakai he kilakila nā'auwaʻa o nā mokuʻelua haneri. Ka mea, koke, a lawe pio aʻela ana i nā wahi e pili ana, a hoʻopilikiaʻia ke kūlanakauhale. Over ke kapikala o ke aupuni a pau Byzantineʻalo i ka maoli hoʻoweliweli 'o ka naʻi aupuni. A laila, Emperor Michael a me ka makua'lii, Photius hoomaka ae la e pule ai no ka 'ohana ka palekana o ka piko o ke Karistiano holoʻokoʻa a pau. Koke i ke kai ku ae la kekahi makani ino weliweli, i kahiliia, a luku i ka kaua mau moku Russes. Constantinople Ua hoolaia e kilokilo malama ana.

Askold a Dir i haʻakoi e manao i ka maluhia Kuikahi me Byzantium a hoʻoholo i ka e bapetizoia i Kristiano.

I ka 879, make aku la ia ma Novgorod ka luna Rurik, e waiho hoʻoilina ke keiki a ke keiki Igor, a me kona kahu - i kona kaikuahine, ka mea iʻikeʻia e like me ka wānana Oleg. hoʻoholo He e lawe i ka mana,ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka'ākau, akā, no hoi ma ka hema aina, no laila, i ohi ia mai ka Slavs a Vikings kilakila poe koa, a haele ae la i ka hema. He hoolohe, a me ka mea kahiko Smolensk Ljubech. Koke mai la Oleg a me Kiev.

He ua maopopo nö iä ia i ka Kievan alii i ka ikaika paukū, a e e hoomalu i mea ole, e haawi i ka mana. No ia mea, wānana Oleg ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hana akamai. He haʻalele i ka papa kuhikuhiE kona poe koa i loko o ka hoohalua, a ia hala ana ia ia me ka maluhia kalepa, a kono Askold a me Dir i kā lākou mau oihana ke kūkā '. ʻO ka maluhia e hele i ka halawai, akā, ka mea, ua hoopuniia lakou ma na kapa o ka oihana paukū. E like me ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", Oleg hele aku no ka hopu i luna, a kauoha ia i ka mea, i ole pono-ike ano a me na kanaka hoopunipuni aliʻi. A laila, kuhikuhi aku la ia i ka mea uuku Igor, a i mai la: "O ka luna, Rurik mau keiki!"

Askold a Dir i make koke. Mound me ka i koe iho o Askold nō kū ma luna o ka pali kapa o ka Dnieper, a me ka lehu Dir hoomaha loa kokoke i ka ekalesia o ke St. Irene.

A hoomaka ae la Oleg e alii ai maluna o ma Kiev ma no o Igor. Ua i ka mea nana i hai mai Kiev makuwahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale, i ka piko o Lūkini aina. I 882, ka mua manawa i nā'āina'ākau a me ka hema ua hui pu ma lalo o kekahi luna.

'O kēia ka kūhelu mana o nā hanana. Akā, paʻa moʻolelo no ka mea, e noonoo pono i kaʻano o nā koho ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hoʻohālike o kekahi mauʻoihana aliʻi a me nā kaao.

koho moʻolelo

No ka laʻana, he mea hoa pāonioni e pili ana i ke kumu o Askold a me Dir. Kekahi mau moʻolelo manaʻo i Askold ua he Slav, a me ka mamo a Dir. Others, nae, wale aie Deere Slavic kumu a me ka kūlana he subordinate, a me Askold manaoio kanaka, a Voivod.

Makamua Byzantine kumu i hōʻike no ka oihana koa kai eʻe Rousseau 866 makahiki ua nui haawiia i kekahi wale aliʻi, no laila, he mea hiki ia Askold a me Dir - kekahi, a me ka ia kanaka, ke Vikings Askold inoa kapakapa Dir. I unuhi 'ia mai ka Old Norse' ōlelo Deere ia mea, "ka holoholona", a hiki ia i ka inoa kapakapa, inoa.

Inā, naʻe, he hana ia e like me nā hookaawale kanaka, ia mea nō Logical e kuhi ana Askold a me Dir alii iho la oia ma kekahi manawa, a me ka nui o Bygone makahiki artificially hui ma ke kākoʻo '-luna. Kakaolelo ke hui pu iho la ia lakou kekahi hoʻonohonoho i nā illegitimate luna. Moʻolelo kahaha ko oukou naau mea i mau alii ka poe i make i ka ia manawa, e like me ka palapala hemolele i kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ia mau no ke kaawale ana wahi mai kekahi i kekahi,. A ioachim chronicle mai nei Oleg pepehi wale i kekahi alii e - Askold a me Dir, kahi ua ole i oleloia i ka inoa.

Inā mau mōʻaukala kumu kakou e hoakaka aku, e lilo nō maopopo ia Deere i ka mua aliʻi o Kiev, a noho iho la ma ka hoʻomaka a me ka waena o ka 9th kenekulia, a me Askold lilo kona mau hope a me knyazhestvoval i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 9th kenekulia.

E like me mākou i ike, i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Kievan na luna nui unexplained ana, a i maluhia hūnāʻia mai mākou mōʻaukala lōʻihi. mākou unravel ia someday?