Paha'ōlelo o ka Red Army kokoke i Moscow. 'O ka make'ana o nā pū'ali koa German kokoke i Moscow

Underestimation o kaʻenemi - mau i ka nui kuhihewa, a hiki ma ka pôpeku kahua,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ke kaua nui. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e lanakila ma luna o ka Soviet Union ma ka shortest hiki manawa, e hoʻomaopopo i ka ai-kapaia blitzkrieg, ka mea kiekie kauoha o Nazi Germany miscalculated. Ka mua successes huli i ke poo o ka Wehrmacht: Kelemānia poʻe hao wale kokoke Moscow ua aneane ma ka pau 'ana o ke kau, a me ka pono i ua Hitler manao i ka liana a ua hanaia. Akā, i ke poʻo uaʻoi aku uaua no ia. Ua i kekahi o ka poe huli kumu i ua hoʻololi radically ka papa o ke kaua a me ka uku i ka lanakila hele ana o Kelemānia i ka hilahila pakele, i pau ai i ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho o ka Fuhrer.

I ka wā o ka Honua ke ka ao aku nei

Ua hooweliweli hakaka a me ke ana e pee ai, o ka Red Army i manao iho e haha aku, e like me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, hālāwai hope. Eia naʻe, no ka Nazis lakou iho hooweliweli. O na poho a hali ana Soviet poʻe hao wale, ka ikaika, e hoole ia mea, he mea hiki ole. Ma hope iho o ka kŰia o ka lā mua o ke kaua no kela'īniha o kona aina kamaaina, ke Army Red kaua ka piena o.

Ke kāʻeʻaʻeʻa ke pale ana i ke kulanakauhale, (e like me ka mea kaʻao Mogilev) - ka maikaʻi hoike. Ka noho nanea oe me a na kēia kanaka Kelemānia neʻe hikina, ua ka nohoaliʻi ma na aoao. he nui nā pōʻino, akā, no ka Wehrmacht i manaoio i na defenders o Moscow i loko o ka nui demoralized moku'āina. I loko nō o ka mea i ka hoʻomaka o ka hooilo, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka alo ua'ōʻia, i nā koa i hoopuehuia, i ka kēia kanaka Kelemānia nae i manao e lawe i ke kūpono 'kokoke Moscow: i ka hopu ana o ke poʻo ua nui,ʻaʻole wale nō koa, akā, i manaʻoʻike.

Ke Soviet aupuni i ike i ka ka pilikia, a me ka mea, ua maopopo i ka manao e hana i ka hana o Kutuzov - puhi i ke kulanakauhale, a haawi ia ia i kaʻenemi - i loko o kekahi mau naau kuewa wale ae la, a heʻano pākīkē. Back i kakahiaka October, aia no he kumumanao e hoopau mai i ka Moscow Metro: wahi i manaoia e ke olonā wāwae, lako a pan - e dismantle, hi - lawe mai i ka hope. Ma Okatoba 15, ka General Staff o Pale Kaua hoohana i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka piʻoloke o ke kapikala a me 16 i loko o ka mua (a wale) manawa, aole ia e hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka Moscow Metro. Ke kūlanakauhale Kokolo ominous me na lono o ka heluna kanaka'ā'ā.

Kauoha i ka make ana o ke kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho, ua hōʻoki aku i loko o ke ahiahi 16 October: Stalin ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka noho. Ia manawa, ma ke alo o ka hihia nō i ole e hele pomaikai. Ua hoike Ua Hopu fascists i halawai pu me ia ma December 1941, ma Moscow, a me ia mea i ka Wehrmacht ua ana, e lawe i ka ho'āʻo pono hope loa a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka lanakila. I mea, e huli mai ano e ae paha. Not makemake e haawi aku i ka USSR Ruta i kela kuia. Front hiki no na tausani o ka kilomika, a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE Kelemānia koa i kiaʻana i kāna pono i ka hikina (e e hoʻopono, Europe ua ole no hoi ku), i ka pau ana o ka Akuma ka, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka impudence e lanakila i ka Soviet Union pilikia.

E hoomakaukau ai no ka makahiki

Ia manawa , i ka Soviet kauoha i ole lilo i ka haawina o ka manawa a me ka hoomakaukau ana i ka nui-unahiʻole, i loan-kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army kokoke Moscow. E like ma ka waenakonu o ka Akuma ka,ʻaʻole i loko o 'ano kūpono kahi, pili kaua i wahi, i ka Aha, e kauoha aku i ke alanui, e ho okumu i ka wai auau o ke kakini poʻe kaua, a hooikaika nei kaua. I ka Ia manawa i uku ai i ka mea ole ia ka mea hou kaua e ka mea e hoomalu ia lakou iho, akā, he ke kue noonoo. Ka mea, lilo loa liilii, a me nā luna i loaa maopopo kauoha, e hoomakaukau i kona poe kanaka no ke kaua ma lalo o hoouka.

Ma ka hopena o Akuma ka, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Wehrmacht pâʻani mai: kokololio mua bogged ilalo, a ma kekahi mau hiki o ka mua, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua e hoʻokele i ka hoopai 'inoʻino loa i ka Nazis, hoʻoikaika e hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka imminent hookahakaha o ka hopu ana o Moscow. Soviet me ka ho okumu lilo puakai i wahi kahi i manao e hana. Hooikaika mai i ka pono a me ka haʻalele pūhaka o ka Western Front, i ke ano o ke alakai kūlana i loko o ka forthcoming hana: no ka laʻana, oi aku elua hapakolu o nā mea a pau mokulele i komo ma Moscow, e hele e kōkua Zhukov.

Holomua hoʻomaka 'ana

Ka mea, ua nui no ka hoʻoholo 'ia e hoʻomaka i ka ee-kūpono' ana o ka Red Army kokoke Moscow, a au pono e olelo aku nei i loko o kēia mea o ka Soviet kauoha i hōʻike poʻokela koa tālena. E like me ka mea, e olelo aku, i ka maikaʻi loa koa alakaʻi ka mea i ike pehea e e hoʻoholo i wale hookeai akā, i pololei. I kakahiaka hooilo, ka ana ko ke ole e oi holomua. Na laina o aiiay hale a i ole nei, a me ke kauoha kūpono ua, ua loaa (ka mea, e hele, akā, wale ma December 8, ka wā i ke kūpono 'hao wale kokoke Moscow mau ae la ia no na la ekolu, a i hopelessly nalowale maikai manawa).

Ma lalo o ka manao i ka hana a hiki i ka Western Front ua e hoopai i ka moʻo o punches, e hoʻohiolo hoʻi i ka enemi ma ka akau a me ka hema, (olelo o Solnechnogorsk, Istra, Klin, Bogoroditsk a me nā huahelu).

i ka hui o ke Komohana Hema Front e pani ma dace, a ina holomua, hoʻomōhala ia i loko o Orel. Ke kolu o ka mua, e komo i loko o ka hana, - Kalininskij - loaa hakakā nuʻukia e neʻe aku i a me ka hooponopono Mikulino Turginovo e nānāʻia ma hope oʻenemi laina.

Air Max i ke ehuehu o ka pilikia hana: ma ka kekahi lima, e kākoʻo i ka Soviet counteroffensive kokoke Moscow, ma ka kekahi - e hoʻopale ai i ke kapikala mai na bombings mea i lilo nā i ka noho ma luna o ka lā mua o ke kaua. Ma ka mokulele i ia e like me ka nui akamai hana. I mau, pâʻani 'o ia i ka BBC ke kūlanaʻano nui i loko o ka hana, me ka nui loa ho oholo i ka hope o ke kaua.

Ke koena o nā koa

I loko nō o ka mea i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i nā mea a pau o fronts ekolu komo i loko o ka hana, i haawiia mai ka mea kiekie loa makakoho, ka superiority o ka Nazis ua nō akaka no. Soviet poʻe hao wale, ua emi ka loa, a (oi loa aku hoi) i na mea kaua.

Ke hoʻolilo hui kūpono 'he eono haneri tausani poʻeʻuʻuku nā limahana (1.7 - fascists, 1.1 - ka Red Army), pū wale 7,6 tausani a me nā papa wiliʻai e ku e ia 13.5 tausani kēia kanaka Kelemānia, 774 pahu poʻina nalu e ku e ia .. 1,17 tausani.ʻenemi. Superiority ua wale ma ka maunakea: German Kekoa - 615 Soviet - 1000. Akā, hiki i ka mea poni e lele i loko o ka mea poni ua hiki mai, no ka mea, oi ma mua o ka hapalua (ma kahi o 53%) o ka mokulele o ka Red Army he ka poeikohoia o ka mea kahiko,ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻokō, ka hoʻololi 'ana.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE puupuu undergone i nā pūhaka o ka Kelemānia "Center". Iloko o ka protracted kaua ka mea, e noho ana i loko o ka loa keakea. Aneane pauʻaoʻao hoopuniia e Soviet poʻe kaua.

unexpected puupuu

Pu kāleka ua ka mea hou: i ka hoʻomaka o ka ee-kūpono 'ana i kaʻenemi ua he piha hou. Ua pono e mai la oia i ka hoomakaukau ana no ka 'olohani i lawe mai i loko o ka ikaika mahuka, a he mau ole ke Kelemānia a aole hoi i ka mea e, aole hoi me ka pōmaikaʻi e scout mai i ka mea kuka o ka Soviet kōmi.

Nui koa mākaukau - nā wahi lulu, a me na haole - hooiaio i Moscow pepehi Back ua pili kēia i muli o ka nuiʻana hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana. Hoʻopuni ihola lākou iʻia e kaʻenemi ka poe koa i paupauaho, aole ana manawa e hoopaakiki iho i ko. Ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka mua laina, ma a kaʻenemi ka pūhaka iʻaneʻane hoopuniia, i ka manawa oi aku o ka Red Army - a la i lanakila no ia.

Ka mua December 5, ma ka predawn pōʻeleʻele, ku Kalinin Front e pili ana, i ka ia la ae, i kākoʻo 'ia e ka poʻe hao wale o ka Western a me Komohana Hema. Initially, neenee loa ua hoano e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hoʻokele i ka auhau ia i ka hoopai mau hoa paio e kaua ana no ka mea, pā wahi. Honua keakea a me ka hau hoʻokomo kālā: ke kumukuai o ka mea e ne e ma kahi o ka hahau Track, a me kaʻoihana kaʻa lilo loa problematic. Complicating mau mea no ka mea i ke kaua o Moscow i loko o 1941-1942. Ka mea, ua ka mea mua nui kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army: Soviet koa mua loa kuai lilo loa aku i ke ku pono ana i ka ho'āʻoʻana,ʻaʻole hiki ke lawelawe i nā manaʻo.

Aka hoi, o ka enemi mau poʻe a pau, e papa mai - albeit me ka pilikia, a ma ka mohai. Ma ka lā mua o kaua kekahi o na huina lakou ua hiki i kela kapa o ka Volga, a hooweliweli i kaʻenemi ka hope.

kūkulu i ka pomaikai

Ka ee-kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army kokoke Moscow hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaka koke hoʻonui i ka holo mālie i ka lua o ka lā ma hope o kona inception. 1st a 30th Army i neʻe muli o kona kulana briskly ma ka olelo o Klina, 20 I hahai i kaʻenemi i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Solnechnogorsk a me 16th - i loko o ka Istra. Nō ana neʻe i Tula. 10th ke Army, kākoʻo ma ka lio a me ka poʻina nalu palaka koke ka hoʻokikina ma Stalinogorsk.

Ke kokololio hooulu ana i lawe mai kekahi huikau ma ka mamua aku slender kaua o ka enemi, seemingly invincible. Mai manao i ka ike ia'ku i ka Soviet Union, Hitler ua i makaukau e pane koke koke aku a me ka pololei. Ka hopena ua he Moscow pepehi Back. Wale 8 December i ka Fuhrer, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku nei, ike uaʻike successes o kaʻenemi - ka kŰia mea ole occasional a me ka moʻolelo kaulele, akā, pono? Oaony a alakaʻi mākaukau. Kauoha helu 39, oia ke kuhikuhi o kona koa hao wale ka neʻeʻana i ke kūlana o ka holoʻokoʻa Hawaiian Front.

Ke kumu no ka ole o ka pīhoihoi manao, e hea aku i ka ia kaʻao Lūkini hooilo, a hiki Napoleon ke hai aku i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka hana hoihoi mea. ʻO kona kūpono 'Herr Adolf kekahi kumu i kapaʻia "premature", Ua haawiia i na hihia i loko o ka lako, i mea ke kumu i ke kaua no ka Moscow, a i ole pomaikai. E laweʻoe i ke kūpono 'kauoha wale pae "South" Army, a me ia ina ka malie mea conducive. Akā, i ka 41st hau paa, aole ia e hiki 6 degere i loko o November, ke anu ua ma ka hoʻomaka o Dekemaba wale (he 28 degere ma lalo Aʻohe), akā, me ka mea, e olelo aku nei, o ka mahinaai, oia ka ia no a pau. A ka mea, ua premature e kamailio e pili ana i ka hooilo December 5 somehow,ʻaʻole he pololei.

Ma nā awāwa, a ma luna o nā puʻu

Ia manawa, o ka mua hoʻomau, akā,ʻo ua i māʻona i ka holo mālie o ka Aha ke keʻena luna. A laila, ka mea i manao e uku emi hoʻolohe i ka rearguard, e ka hoouka kaua, kiʻi i ka emi Kelemānia poʻe kaua, a i ka ulia puu hua palaoa i loko o ka hope. Mobile naehana, pela i hanaʻia i loko o ka helu o ka poe kaua, me ke kahaha nui, a mahuahua nui ka ka hoʻokōʻana: no ka Red Army ee-kūpono 'kokoke Moscow, ua nui aku holomua. Ano, o kela mea keia paʻa kulana i ole hoomaha, a käpae 'ia ia, a holo kiki mai la, e waiho ana i ka Kelemānia rearguard ma ka hope o ka waiwai, kahi o kona hopena i ua silaia.

No ka eha lā, mai ka 6 a hiki i 10 December, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hookuuia aneane kanalima noho. A hailona o ka poʻina nalu, pū, hi a me nā mokokaikala hoʻolei emi poe enemi.

December 13 Sovinformburo hope ua hiki ke olelo aku nei au i kekahi mea maikaʻi i kona poe kanaka. Ke kūkala nūhou maikaʻi, o ka papa, hoala i ka morale o ka Red Army a me ka hoihoi o ka manaolana i ka sīwila heluna kanaka, i ukali kona holo nei me ka'ōpeʻapeʻa hanu.

Ua nui kona pomaikai ma ua ka kūloko lanakila ma Kalinin, kahi o ka 31 ko Army ua hiki ke okiʻaneʻane i ke alanui a pau a hiki i ka Nazi memo. I ka hiki kokoke i ka pa o ka 30th Army o ka Western Front. Lama,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale, makau encirclement.

Hoʻoikaika ma ka pomaikai, ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua, e like me ka enemi napoddat i ka lakou hee hope ana, huli i loko o ka stampede: kokoke i ka ipu a pau i loko o nā lima o Soviet koa. December 16, Kalinin ua uumi i ka Red Army.

Local successes KUMUMANAʻO NUI lanakila

A mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kūpono', January 7, 1942, i ka Kalinin Front pilina hele mai i Rzhev, Selizharovo a me ka niho ma ka lawe ana i kekahi kaʻakālai wahi a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau o ka pilikia o ka German pūʻulu "Center".

loa huhūʻana a pau i ka hana o ka Western Front, a, lanakila ia'ku, a me kekahi manawa, inexorably neʻe mua. December 12 hookuu Solnechnogorsk, 15th - auka, 20th - Volokolamsk.

Ke morale o ka emi pinepine koe e e makemake nui. Apparently,ʻaʻole i loko o lākou i poʻe lapuwale, December 16, Hitler loaʻa ka mea pono ke kumukanawai a kona mau kauoha helu 39 mea i kauoha mai i ka pale aku i ka "fanatical tenacity" paʻa i nā koina, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

ina paha o ka mea i hanaʻi, a me ka ke Kelemānia a hele mai la i ka poe makaukau, akā, ka mea e hoʻokele i loaa i kekahi foothold i loko o ka palena maoli o ka muliwai Lama, a Ruza. All ho'āʻo Ua nele i ka lanakila i ka ea. Ka Red Army i, e noho ma laila, a me ka waiwai kekahi foothold i loko o ka lanakila kulana.

Guerrillas ua kōkua nui, me ka a ka lanakila o Moscow hiki e haawiia i ka nui kaumaha. Lakou i hao i ka Naziʻaoʻao a emi ana, e luku i ka Kelemānia aee, alakaʻi reconnaissance, loaa waiwai ike.

Ma ka eheu hema o ka Western Front, hoomaka ae la ka poe koa he nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono 'ana ma o ka olelo o Kaluga - he nui amo Hub. Ua Ua maopopo ia ia he hoʻokūkū i ole hoopii i ka kēia kanaka Kelemānia. E kauoha akuʻoe "Center", i i ka olelo hooholo, e loaa i ka foothold ma ka Oka, a hoopaa i ka laina i nā koina, e like me ka, oiaio, a hai aku la i ka Fuehrer ka punahele.

Liberation mai ka noho ana

Zhukov ike pono loa lakou pono mea e hiki mai ana, no laila, kauoha aku e alualu i ka enemi, i hiki ia ia ke hoomaha, a no ka loaa i ka foothold. Ma ka papa o ka hakakā nuʻukia 49th Army, lanakila i ka ia'ku o ka Nazis, la oia i Tarusa ma 19 December. Ua e hoʻokele i aole nae he ekemuia - a hiki i ke koke ku mai mahope.

Ia manawa, i ka 50th Army holo i Kaluga. Pae holomua Lālā paʻa Mobile pūʻulu wawahi ae la i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki ma December 21, akā,ʻaʻole i hānauʻia na ke Kelemānia a i ka la inehinei. Just eiwa lā ma hope, ma ka December 30, Kaluga Ua hookuu ia me Kāʻeokūlani, ma ka 49th a me ka 50th puali.

By January 8 Ua hookuu Kozelsk, Belev, Meshchovsk a me nā haneri o liʻiliʻi noho 'ē aʻe. Red Army huahelu me ka wiwoʻole ma ka Oka. Ke kaua o Moscow (1942), i ua eo. Eia naʻe, he mau nō makahiki a me nā makahiki o ke kaua.

Mai papa i ka esprit de Ka mau pūʻali koa e kaua aku i ka poe kaua o ke Komohana Hema Front. He umi mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana, ka mea, ua nui ka haneri kilomika i ke komohana, a hiki i ke kapa o ka muliwai. Kshen, hoʻopio aku i na haneri o nā huahelu o koa lako a pan o kaʻenemi. Ua aneane eha haneri mau kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale e pili pū (me dace a me Efremov), pakele o kaʻoihana.

O ka holo ana, i ole e hele na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e haawi. Aka hoi, ma ka December 26, ka mea, haʻalele Naro-Fominsk, 28 la - Balabanovo, Ianuali 2 - Maloyaroslavets, a me 4-go- Borovsk.

I ka hoʻokūkū, a me ka nui o ke kaua

By January 8, 1942 ke kaua o Moscow, ma ka pōkole, ua lanakila 'o ia, a ua lanakila brilliantly. Hao wale i hiki aku ai i nā kihi Selizharovo - Ruza - Mtsensk kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a nou ka awelika o ka 200 ei mai Moscow. E like me ka hopena o ka hana i hookuu hou ma mua o ka tausani noho, i ka i hoʻolilo 'ia ua lilo ia i mea hiki ole i ke Tula. No ka mahina, a ma ia mau ae la ia i ke kaua o Moscow, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ae nunui pōʻino -, kokoke elua haneri tausani nā limahana (168 tausani wale. Lepo koa). 11 poʻina nalu, a oi aku mamua o ka iwakalua infantry māhele i wawahiia.

An nui ano no ka pomaikai i ka ōhumu maikai o na fronts ekolu a me kākoʻo mokulele - laila, ua hōʻike i ke kauoha i ke tālena a me ka maikai loa aʻo.

Soviet koa lilo loa akaka i na lono e pili ana i ka "invincibility" o Hitler ka poe koa, a i kau aku ma luna o kona mau kuli kokoke i ka pau ana o 'Eulopa, i oi ma mua o ka nā kaʻao. I ka Kelemānia poʻina nalu "puhi i ka meaʻala uhane," a me ka mea hiki ke emi hope i ka "kėia" a hoopuni i ka poe koa.

O ka holo ana, ia ua pono loa i kaʻenemi hiki ole hoʻopio i ka moku'āina poʻo. Moscow i ke kaua (a ole wale) ua,ʻaʻole pono ke kūlanakauhale, akā, i ka hōʻailona o ka ia'ku o ka Soviet moku'āina.

Nā successes o Soviet poʻe hao wale, hoʻoikaika ihola oi hana allies o ka USSR. E Ua wehe wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1944 i ka lua o ka mua, ia meaʻaʻole paha ia eʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e hoʻike ana i ke kōkua ma ka hoʻohana a me ka 'ē aʻe ua hana wale.

Ka Loaʻaʻia kokua o ka Apana Reich o Hitler ka pio kokoke Moscow, ma ka mea ku ole, puʻe wale akula kēlā e kū mālie kali ana: no ka laʻana, kekahi kumu koi i ua makaukau e hoike aku au hui i ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Soviet Union Tureke a me Japan ma ka hihia o ka ka hopu ana o Moscow. Ma hope o kaomi ole i ehaeha ai kēia kanaka Kelemānia insidious allies huna, hoopakela aku, e hooki ma ke lalau hana.

Ke kumukuai o ka ee-kūpono 'hiki ole ke overestimated: mua, ka mea, ua ka mua nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono' ana o ka Red Army. Mai ka kaʻakālai a me ka manaʻoʻike wahi o Hawaii ka mea, ua he nui Hopu. He nui na koa moʻolelo manaʻo i ka mea, ua i ke kaua o Moscow pokole akā aptly e kapaia "ka popoiwi wahi o ka kaua", a hoʻoholo ma mua kona hoʻokūkū. Miliona o ka poʻe o ka'āinapuniʻole ikea hope manaolana.

Akā loa importantly, i ka lanakila ana o ka manaoio luna o na naau o na koa ia lakou iho. Ka mea, eia ka mea hope i ike ai i ka hiki maoli ke ku imua o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Aʻaʻole wale e hoopaa i ke kulana, a e lawe pio i ka nalowale? Anoeia.