Phonology - ia ... phonology: ka ho'ākāka 'ana, malalo, Pahuhopu a me nā kumu

Mawaena o ka nui'ōlelo no ka hoʻopaʻi 'oi loa aku hoi mea e hoʻolako i ia mau i ka pauku e like me phonology. He He 'epekema i Haʻawina i ka leo o ka' ōlelo, ke kō o phonemes i loko o laila. Mastering i ka hahau i loko o ka mua papa meaʻai poʻokela pepa pili me ka unuhi, e ao ana ka 'ōlelo, o ka oi aku Lūkini.

Na Google e nana i ka phonology, i ka mea a kona kumuhana a me nā Pahuhopu o ko mākou'ōnaehana ma keia pae o ka 'ōlelo. Ua pono ike me ka walaʻauʻana terminology o keia pauku.

ka wehewehena

Mākou hoʻomaka mākou kūkākūkā me ka ho'ākāka 'ana.

Phonology - he māhele o kēia linguistics, i E hoomanao i ka mea kani 'ole o ka' ōlelo, ka functioning o ka mea okoa kani i loko o kona mau kahua, a me ko lakou ano.

Ua pili ia i kaʻimi naʻauao linguistics. Ke kumu o 'ōlelo pa alima, a Haʻawina no ka 'epekema - phoneme.

Ua Ua hānauʻia i loko o nā 70-80s o ka 19th kenekulia i loko o Rusia. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā no ka mea, - Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Ka Courtenay, he Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema me Polish kumu ae. Ma na 30s o ka 20th kenekulia ia i shape me he kuokoa 'epekema. I kēia lā,ʻo ia kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE philological ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana a me na lalani mua i loko o ka moʻo o ka' atikala o kaʻimi naʻauao grammar o ka 'ōlelo.

Ke kiʻi a me ka manao

Like kekahi'ē aʻe 'epekema, linguistics, keia pauku i kona mau hana a me ka kumuhana.

Ke kumuhana Ke phonology - ka phoneme, i mea ka palena iki pa alima o ka 'ōlelo. Ua Ua aʻo phonology-ʻepekema. Inattentive nä haumäna e kuhi ana i ke kumuhana mea kani, akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā. I ka mea, ka mea, aʻo kekahi hahau - phonetics.

Ka ninau hope ia e noonoo - i ka pilikia. Mau nā:

• hoʻi i loko o ka 'ōlelo;
• ka i loko o ke Ka Ikepili;
• e kukulu i ka pilina ma waena o ka phoneme, a me ka leo;
• System hōʻikeʻano phonemes a me kā lākou mau hoʻololi 'ia;
• Description phonological kahua;
• ka loulou ma waena o phoneme, a me nā lālā o ka 'iniha,' ōlelo - morphemes a me ka hua'ōlelo 'ano apau loa.

A i ka ole a pau phonological hana. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka luna makakoho no a pau na phonological kula.

Famous linguists phonology

I kaulana ma luna, i ka i hoʻokumu o ka 'epekema lilo Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de Ka Courtenay. He nui kona kumu, i impetus i kona hou kūpono 'ana.

No emi ua ike, a me kona mau haumāna Nikolay Sergeevich Trubetskoy, kakau iho la oia i ka mea kaulana "paʻa o ka phonology." He nui hoʻonui i ka 'epekema i hoʻomākaukauʻia koʻikoʻii, ho'ākāka' ia ma ka hoʻokumu paʻa manaÿo a me ka Mea Maluna.

Mākou hana ma keia pauku linguistics a me Roman Osipovich Yakobson, Lev Vladimirovich Scherba, Avram Noam Chomsky , a he nui na mea e ae.

A hailona o ka 'epekema hana hoolilo ai i na pilikia o keia pauku o ke linguistics. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke kēia mau 'atikala a me monographs, a e haawi aku i ka hulina kiʻi o ka hooulu ana o ka' epekema, ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina:

• HI Avanesov, VN Sidorov paʻiʻia i loko o ka manawa o ka monograph "ka'ōnaehana o phonemes o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo."
• 'Ano ua kaulana hana o S. I. Bernshteyna "XIX. Manaÿo o ka phonology."
• J. Vahek "phonemes a me phonological naehana".

O ka poe i hoihoi i ka mōʻaukala, ka puke mea pono L. R. Zinder "XIX. Phonological kula."

'Ōlelo Aʻo kekahi hana:

• SV Kasevich, "Phonological pilikia o mau linguistics a me ka hikina."
• TP chunks, "Phonology o Hoikehonua, Lūkini 'ōlelo me ka nānā' ana ma 'ia paha kumumanaʻo."
• VI Postovalov, "Phonology".

AA hooponoia - mea kākau o ka ekolu pepa, a uhi aku la kekahi ma au mamuli o ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka 'epekema:

• "Mai ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini phonology".
• "(Essay) ma ka phonology, morphology a me ka morphonology".
• "Phonological haʻawina."

phonological kula

Phonology nīnūnē 'ole ma ka' ōlelo kulaʻokoʻa. Ka maikai ikeia hana o nā kānakaʻepekema, he hapa o ka Palaka Kula, i nā Trubetskoy a me Jakobson.

Kona hihio, uaʻepekema, mai ke kula Moscow Phonological, i nā A. hooponoia. Nā 'elele o kēia au i këia i ka wahine paha, o ke kani membranes phonemes.

Leningrad kula ka poeikohoia, a me ka linguist kaulana L. Szczerba, manaoio aku la ia 'epekema, ma ka mea ku ole, e aʻo i ka likeʻole ma waena o lākou.

Akā, nānā 'ole o ka manao o nā kānakaʻepekema hoopili i na terminology a me ka wehewehena i.

terminology

E like me ua oleloia, phonology - ka 'epekema e Haʻawina na phonemes. Like kekahi mahinaʻai'ē aʻe o ka ike, ka mea, i kona mau terminological i hoʻomākaukauʻia.

Ma kona walaʻauʻana manaÿo i: phoneme, allophone, phoneme kulana giperfonema, archiphoneme a me na mea e ae. i ka papa kuhikuhiE poʻe noonoo.

• Phoneme - ka ka palena haʻahaʻa indivisible pa alima o ka 'ōlelo. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o ka olelo ano a me ka hanaʻia i ke kiʻiona kuleana pili i. Hoʻokō i ke kōkua o ke kani - Ka 'Ike Hou. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka mea, ua lawa ka Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo mai kekahi olelo leo.
• Allophone - manaʻo o kekahi phonemes ke kaumaha ma muli o ka phonetic kaiapuni.
• Giperfonema - phoneme, a hiehie hiʻona o ka huiʻelua o nā mea kani-.
• Archiphoneme - phoneme me he huihui 'ana o nā hiʻona ua neutralized phonemes.
• Ke kulana o ka phoneme - ke kō o kona olelo ana. Līkaia constitutive a combinatorial kūlana.
• Constitutive kūlana - manaʻo o phonemes ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi ma ka nīnau. No ka laʻana, ka mea unstressed paha 'aloʻahia syllable ka vowel.

• Combinatorial kūlana - manaʻo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka phonetic kaiapuni. No ka laʻana, vowels ma kulana ma hope o ka paakiki a me ka pahee consonants i kekahi mau 'ano.
• Ka ikaika kulana o ka phoneme - ka oihana i loko i ka mea maopopo hōʻike kona waiwai.
• Nawaliwali (lua o ka inoa - neutralization kulana) - ke kulana ma i ka phoneme aʻole e hooko me ka kiʻiona hiʻona.
• Neutralization - he coincidence o okoa phonemes i loko o ka hoʻokahi allophone.
• Kiʻiona hiʻona o phonemes - na hoailona ma i ka mea, oko mai kekahi i kekahi.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he exhaustive papa inoa o nā hua'ōlelo i hana phonology. Linguistics like me ka a pau ua hoi ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi o ia mau mea i loko o nā pauku - phonetics, grammar.

Ke phonological nenoaiu o Lūkini 'ōlelo

Kēlā me kēia 'ōlelo Ua wehewehe aku ma kona phonological kahua. Ke Lūkini 'ōlelo i kēia lā hoʻokuʻu akula 43 phonemes. O kēia mau mea, 6 - a 37 vowels - consonants.

Eia hou kekahi, wehewehe aku ma ke alo paha kaawale ana o kekahi mau 'lākou o nā hiʻona pakahi o lakou.

Vowel phonemes i kokoke i ka neaao? Ueo ooieoeiiaeuiuo ano:ʻano o ke ala, kahi kaʻawale ma ka luna, waena, a ma lalo ke ola, i ka wa e kaawale aku ai alo labialization.

Nā consonants i oi kilakila helu o nā 'ano. Eia nana i ka mea e hahai ana symptoms, ka hapanui o ka i i maheleia i hui. No laila, phonemes i:

• sonorant paha walaʻau;
• kuli a sonorous.

Ma ke ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.

• occlusive;
• affricate;
• nahā i;
• haalulu;
• labial;
• kahua niho;
• palatine;
• ka hana a pahee.

Kēia mau 'ano i' ike nui i ka poe i noiʻi i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo. Phonetics, phonology - ka 'epekema e hana ana ma ka ikepili ano philology haumāna, a e koi ole pono e hoʻopaʻanaʻau i ka lākou o nā' ano, akā, no hoi e hiki ke pili ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hōʻike no kekahi phonemes, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou wahi ma ka hua'ōlelo.

phonemic Ekolu a

Kekahi ho'ākāka 'ana, a hana i ka māhele o ka linguistics - phonemic EKOLU. Ua mea no hoi kekahi o ka mea nui akamai pū nō hoʻi, a e ia e ke kumu i ka haumāna 'ōlelo. Phonemic EKOLU - keia komo'ōlelo kani EYI ma ka mea o ka kūikawā hōʻailona i ko phonemes i loko o nā hua'ōlelo i hoʻohana.

Ma keia pepa e paa wale walaʻauʻana phoneme allophones ua ole i hoakaka ia. No ka mooolelo hoʻohana i hōʻailona o ka Cyrillic Hawaiʻi, a me ka Roma, me pono me ka helu ana o diacritical kaha.

mea, ua ulu

Phonology - keia mea kekahi o na kumu nui o ka pauku linguistics. Kēia 'epekema haʻawina o ka functioning o phonemes, ka palena iki'ōlelo naehana. Ua i oi ma mua o ke kenekulia, kona mau terminological'ōnaehana, hana, a malalo o ka mahele.

Haumāna-philologists hoʻopaʻa haʻawina mea i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke kulanui, ma mua hoike i phonetics, a me ka laua me ia. Knowledge o ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka hahau i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ole wale kōkua e aʻo grammar, akā, i nā rula o ka pela a me ka orthoepy.