Phosphorus i loko o ke kanaka kino: ke kumukuai, hopena

Biochemistry - kālaimeaola e Pilikanaka ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ke kanaka keena, a me ka meaola me ka a pau. Ua ua ikeia e aneane 98% o ka halepaahao Contents nā oxygen, kalapona, naikokene a me ka hydrogen. ka poe i kaheaia organogenic kēia Nine Inch. 1.8% i potasiuma, paʻakai, makanekiuma, chlorine a me phosphorus. Ma kānaka, ka mea, i kekahi o ka mea pōhaku paʻakai, a i ka palapala o ka poe noonoo ole a eiiieaen Ion, hoomaopopo ana i ka maʻamau papa o ka pūnao reactions. No ka laʻana, ka mea nui i huiʻia o na keena kuleana no ka hoololiia ana o ka aaiaoe kāna moʻolelo - nukelea nāʻakika - hoʻohui pū anions i anions o phosphoricʻakika.

Ka ATP lātoma ma luna a me ka lako polokalamu aeea ka ikehu i ka loaʻa o phosphorus Ion. Ma keia 'atikala, ua lawe mai examples e hoʻokūpaʻa i ke kūlana nui o phosphorus i loko o ke kanaka kino a me kona waiwai ma luna o ka pūnao.

Covalent Polar makaukau na kaula paa a me kā lākou waiwai

Ke kumu 'ole o ke aloha' ona aha ola mea, o ka hiki ana o na nā lātoma, e hana i kekahiʻano o Nine Inch hoopaa. Ua Ua kapaia Polar covalent, a i kupu mai ma waena o nonmetal nā'ātoma, e hoʻoholo i ka walaʻauʻana ano o Nine Inch i huiʻia. Biochemistry, këia ka 'ole o nā lātoma o ka waiwai i loko o kanu keena, fungi, holoholona, e kau i ko lakou Nine Inch haku mele' ana. Ua huli mai ia, aole hoi i heluia naikokene, kalapona, oxygen, a me ka mea, iloko phosphorus. Ma kānaka, ka mea, uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o ka noa ana, no ka mea, ua mahaloʻawahia. No laila, ma ka ola nenoai hehee ai i ka palapala o anions meta-, ortho- a pyrophosphoricʻakika, a i ka hiki e lilo paa ana me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cations. Ma ka waiwai ka mea, e halawai pu me ke keena?

Phosphorus ma eiiieaena ke aloha nā lātoma

Nā polokina skeletal nenoaiu, hormones, nā wikamina, a me lipids e hana i kekahi phosphorus-i loaʻa ka luna 'Ion luna' i huiʻia. Ma kānaka ma laila nō eiiieaena i huiʻia - a fosfoproteidy phospholipids, e i na nā lātoma o biologically hana waiwai - nā'ūhū a me steroid. Polar covalent paa ma DNA, a RNA nucleotides ae i ke kahua o ka phosphodiester paa ma nukeleaʻakika na kaulahao. No ke aha la ka pono no phosphorus i loko o ke kino a me ka mea i kona oihana ma pūnao? E mākou mua noonoo i ka mea ma ka ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe o ka hui.

Place phosphorus i loko o ka elemental haku mele 'ana o ke keena

E like me ka maʻiʻo ma ke cytoplasm a me organelles (0.2-1%), ai '-metala mea ma ha o ka wahi ma hope o organogenic hehee wale. Loa paʻa kūhohonu loa locomotor phosphorus hui keena - osteocytes, kahua niho'aʻaʻa waiwai - dentin. He nui ka lākou maʻiʻo ma neurons a me glia, a e i ka'emi ko kahua. Phosphorus nā'ātoma na i loko o kaʻili lahilahi nā polokina, nukelea nāʻakika a me ka ikehu waiwai - adenosine triphosphate ATP, a hoemi ano nikotinamiddinukleotidfosfata - NADP × H _2. Me kakou e ike nei i loko o ke kanaka kino phosphorus ua loaʻa i loko o nā mea a pau vitally nui nā hale: aeee, nā'aʻaʻa, physiological nenoai.

Ua ua ike i ka nui o ka halepaahao homeostasis, i mea hamama liluwelo'ōnaehana hilinaʻi nui ma ka lehulehu o nā Ion ma ka intercellular loli a me ka hyaloplasm. He aha mea i ka hana o ka phosphorus i loko o ka malama o ka ikaika kūloko ma nā papa hana o ka kanaka kino?

Ka aooa?'ōnaehana

Aie i ka waiwai ma ka ma waho semipermeableʻili lahilahi i loko o ka halepaahao mau launa likeʻole waiwai, kiʻekiʻe lehulehu e he kūlana maikaʻiʻole kona hope. E neutralize i ka oi o kaʻawahia Ion, ke cytoplasm, pu me na cations paʻakai, potasiuma, kalipuna, heʻakika residues kalepona, sulfite, a me phosphoric nāʻakika. e hiki ke pane koke me ka oi ana o Ion loaa i loko o ka hīnaʻi manu, a me ka pāʻana i ka hana mau o intracellular Contents lakou. Ke aooa? Nenoaiu koe Ion o ka nāwaliwali nāʻakika, pono nā anions HPO ₄ ^2- a me H ₂ PO ₄ ^- i loaʻa phosphorus. Ma kānaka, ka mea, ua haku o ka aooa?'ōnaehana hoʻolako ka physiologically maʻamau papa o metabolic reactions ma ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe.

oxidative phosphorylation

Ke splitting o ke aloha i huiʻia i loko o ka halepaahao ua kapaia aerobic ka hanu. Ka wahi - ka mitochondria. Ma o ka lilo o ka pā - cristae organelles - ke aupuni 'nā'ūhū eiiieaenu. No ka laʻana, ka mea ATPase nenoaia maupaʻa molekuly- huina'ine nā moku halihali mokulele. Ma muli o ka reactions catalyzed ma nā'ūhū mai ADP a me ka noa phosphoricʻakika nā lātoma synthesized ATP - ao ikehu keena Agena hoʻopauʻia no lākou nā'ōlelo, ulu, ka noi. Kona ho okumu hiki hoʻokū 'ia ma ka Nohie naoh noaia: F = ADP + ATP. A laila, adenosinetriphosphate nā lātoma loaa i loko o ka cytoplasm. Lākou e hana ai me ke kumu o ka ikaika no ma paʻi hana, no ka mea hoike, ma ka muscular'ōnaehana, a ma na reactions o ke ea e loaa hou mai. No laila, i ka phosphorus i loko o ke kanaka kino Radio he ki kūlana i loko o ka ikehu pūnao.

Phosphodiester paa ana nā kūpuna mai nā lātoma

High'ātoma phosphorus maʻiʻo ua kākau i loko o ka halepaahao nucleus, e like me ka hapa o ka lālā o nukelea nāʻakika. Wehe i ka 19th kenekulia Hawaiian nä känaka 'epekema F. Miescher, ka mea, he poe biopolymers haku o monomers a - nucleotides. Phosphorus mea i loaʻa nā loko o ka purine a me ka pyrimidine mau kumu, a me nā loulou ho okumu i ke kaula RNA a me ka superhelix DNA. Nā monomers o ka nukelea nāʻakika hiki ke ho okumu i ka pīlali 'ole ma ka hana covalent paa ana ma waena o ka pentose residues a me phosphoricʻakika, e moe ana e pili nucleotides. Ka mea, i kapaʻia phosphodiester. Hoʻololi iho o ka DNA a me ka RNA nā lātoma 'ia i loko o kanaka keena paku ole ia i ka hana gamma pāhawewe aʻawahia waiwai no i kaʻapu kōheoheo mea ku pono i ka rupture o phosphodiester paa. Ua hiki aku ai i? A? Make.

liluwelo membranes

Kanu'ōiwi nā wā i Kalaiaina Contents o ka halepaahao, a ua haku o ka phosphorus. Ma kānaka i ka 40% ma ka maloo kaumaha e kau mai ma luna o hui i loaʻa ka phospholipids a me fosfoproteidy. Ka mea,ʻo ka mea nui eiiiiiaiou o kaʻili lahilahi, ahu iho, ma a ma laila nō i 'ona e like me nā polokina, a carbohydrates. High phosphorus maʻiʻo mea typical no ka iwi neurocytes a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana - dendrites a me axon. Phospholipids membranes haawi plasticity, a me ka mahalo i ka naʻokoko nā lātoma a hiki ikaika. Ka mea, paani i ke kūlana o ka lua o kaʻelele - ka hōʻikeʻana nā lātoma i nā activators o ka effector nā polokina komo i loko o nā aʻalolo impulse.

Parathyroid glands a me kā lākou kūlana ma ka phosphorus pūnao

Similar pea e moe ana ma luna o nā lobes o ka thyroid gland, a loaa i ke kaupaona ana o g. 0.5-0.8 kela a me keia, o ka parathyroid gland e pee parathyroid hōmona. Ua regulates i ka wehe ana o hehee wale e like me kalipuna, a phosphorus i loko o ke kino. Nā hana i like ko lakou mau waiwai ma luna o osteoblasts a me osteocytes - iwi keena, a i 'ole ma ka hōmona hoʻomaka e pee no ka paʻakai o ka phosphoricʻakika i loko o ka extracellular loli. I ka hyperfunction o ka parathyroid glands o kanaka iwi lilo ikaika, hoopalupalu mai la, a uhai iho, i ka phosphorus maʻiʻo i loko o ia emi ia. I keia manawa, he mahuahua pilikia o fractures o ka spine, pelvis a me ka puhaka, hoʻoweliweli ma ka hoʻomanawanui ka ola. Ka poʻe, mahuahua dala o ka kalipuna. Ua hiki aku i ka hypercalcemia me symptoms o kaʻike ākea nä olonä a me ka hina ana o ka skeletal Muscle leo. PTH hana ma luna o nā puʻupaʻa, hoemi reabsorption phosphorus paʻakai mai ka iniiaiie mimi. Mahuahua ka posapahate ka maʻiʻo ma ka hakuʻala'aʻaʻa ke kumu hyperphosphaturia a me ka calculus ho okumu.

Ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana o ka iwi'aʻaʻa

I ka paakiki, a me ka ikaika elasticity o ke kākoʻo'ōnaehana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka iwi keena. Osteocytes pihaʻi me ke aloha i huiʻia, e laʻa me ossein kumuʻiʻo, a me'okanikaʻole waiwai i loaʻa ka posapahate paʻakai kalipuna a me ka makanekiuma. Me kona mau makahiki, he kanaka o ka mea pōhaku eiiiiiaiou e like me hydroxylapatite ma osteocytes a me osteoblasts, piʻi pū. 'āno'ē iwi mineralization, ka hoʻomāhuahua o ke kalipuna paʻakai a me ka liki ole phosphorus i loko o ke kino,ʻo ke poho o ka elasticity a me ka ikaika o ka iwi, no laila, pinepine poʻeʻelemākule kanaka e ma ka pilikia o nā palapū a me fractures.

Huli ana o ka phosphorus i huiʻia i loko o ke kanaka kino

Ka nui loa digestive gland i loko o ke kanaka kino - ke akepaʻa - hoʻokani i ke alakai kūlana i loko o nā reactions kūkaʻi o phosphorus-i loaʻa i huiʻia. Parathyroid hōmona a me ka wikamina D he hoʻonui hoʻi i kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Na kela la i keia koi no ka makua hehee ai mea 1,0-2, 0 nā huna, no nā keiki a me nā pōkiʻi - 2,5 Phosphorus i loko o ka palapala o ka hoopuni digestible paʻakai e like me ka pono a pau a me nā polokina, a carbohydrates ma ke kanaka kino mai ai ke hele mai.

ua piha o ka pua nānālā na anoano, kaʻuala, hemp lakou. Maʻai o ka holoholona me Kinohi nui phosphorus ma ka moa akepaa, pipi, paʻakikī ka waiū, ka iʻa. Oi phosphorus i loko o ke kino e ho i kāna hana reabsorbtsionnoyʻaʻa puʻuwai hana, hoʻohana kūpono 'ole nā wikamina, kalipuna deficiency i loko o kaʻai. Ka hopena maikaʻi hopena o phosphorus ma ke kanaka kino ua kuhikuhi hoikeia ma ka lesion o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana, hakuʻala a me ka iwi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a ke hōʻike i ka nui metabolic kāna hana.