Phraseological pu: ano he kumu hoʻohālike

Huli o ka hopuna'ōlelo - o ka bane o ka mea nana e haʻawina he haole 'ōlelo, no ka mea, i ka waʻalo me ia, kanaka pinepine hiki ole maopopo ka mea ma ka pahu. Pinepine, i ka ike i loko o ke ano o ka olelo, ia mea e pono ke hana i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo o phraseological ana, i mea ole mau ma ka lima. Eia naʻe, aia no he kākoʻo pāʻoihana - oe ke kūkulu i ka hiki mai e ike i idioms, a laila ka mea, e aho e, e ike i ko lakou ano. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, ia oe pono e ike i keia ano ka mea, mau, a pehea mea ÿokoÿa. Mau noonoo ana ma keia manao e e uku i ka phraseological me ka hui pu me ka mea i (no ka mea, o ka mea naʻano likeʻole o classifying ia) ho okumu ana i ka loa pilikia. No laila, he aha ka mea, he aha ka mea i ko lakou hanohano nō hoʻi nā hiʻona a i loko o ka puke wehewehe 'oe e huli kōkua?

Phraseology a me ke kumuhana o kona mahele

Science phraseology, i specializes ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kekahi mau ana o ka pilina paʻa, kŘpa a opiopio. Ma Lūkini linguistics, ua hoomaka ae la e ku like me ka pauku hookaawale wale nō i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia mai., A laila, ma ka hopena o kēia kenekulia, hoalohaloha aku Mihailu Lomonosovu.

Ka loa kaulana o kona noiʻi - linguists Viktor Vinogradov a me Nikolay Betesana mai, a ma English - A. Ka McKay, William Weinreich a me L. P. Smit. Incidentally, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka English-olelo ana linguists, e like Slavic poe akamai, ua uku nui emi hoʻolohe i phraseological huahelu, a me ka holoholona ia i loko o kēia' ōlelo haawi Lūkini, Ukrainian paha Polish.

Ke kumu nui nō paha ma luna o ke ao i ua hoʻomālama keia hahau o ka idiom a idiomatic hōʻike. He aha ka mea? Kēia me ka hui pu ana o kekahi mau olelo, i mea eii? I loko o nā hale a me ka haku mele 'ana (i unuhi i hou ia kela a me keia manawa, a hoʻohana' ia i loko o ua pau ano). No keia kumu, ka wā parsing idiom, nānā 'ole o kona' ano a me ka lōʻihi o kona constituent hua'ōlelo, mau akaka me he hookahi olelo.

E kau iho i nä hopuna ma kēlā me kēia 'ōlelo mea he kū hoʻokahi mea, e pili ana i kona mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu. Ua hiki ole ke hoomaopopo Neʻe me losing kona manaʻo. No laila, i ka unuhi ua loa pinepine wae i like idioms o ka waiwai, nei i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo.

No ka laʻana, ka mea kaulana English phraseological pu ana: "E mālamaʻoukou i koʻoukou mau manamana lima ma luna o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale", a literally ia hoʻi "e malama i ko makou mau manamana lima ma luna o ka pana," akā, ka mea i pono, e "malama abreast o Aey? Acaeoey." Eia naʻe, no ka mea, aole hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka Lūkini counterpart, ka mea, ua auou caiaiai me ka mea i like loa "haha aku i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale".

I kekahi manawa, aie ana i ke koke o ka'āina, kā lākou mau 'ōlelo a pau ma laila, ua like' ana e haʻalele o ka hopuna'ōlelo, a laila, pilikia a me ka unuhi i laila. Penei, ka Lūkini i kona ' "twiddle" (mōkākī puni) i kona hoahānau i loko o ka' ōlelo Ukrainian - "byty baydyky".

Pinepine ia, ka 'aoʻao e hele mai i ka ia manawa i mau' ōlelo, no ka nui hanana kekahi, e like me ka me Christianization. I loko nō o ke okoa Karistiano denominations, ma Ukrainian, Farani, Paniolo, Kelemānia, Slovak, Lūkini a me ka Polish na idiom "Alpha a me ka Omega" ua lawe ia mai ka Baibala, aʻano "mai ka mua a hiki i ka hopena" (loa, loa).

Ano o ka ahaaina i nä hopuna

Ma ke kahe o ka Mea Maluna o ka phraseology manawa-linguists i ole e hele mai i ka hoʻokahi manao. Kekahi hou hoouka i ke kaua ia i na olelo akamai ( "Me ka la e hiki ole noho, hiki ole ke ola me ka meaʻala") a me ka olelo ( "ke Akua e ole e haawi mai - ka puaa e ole ai") a me ka'ōlelo clichés ( "hoihoi kākoʻo", "ka hana '"). Akā, i ko ka mea, i loko o ka hapa.

I ka manawa, no ka mea hanohano i loko o nā 'ōlelo East Slavic ke nânâ i Mea Maluna linguist Viktor Vinogradov, a i haawi a pau i nä hopuna i ekolu kī waeʻano:

• Phraseological ulana.
• Phraseological ke kuʻikahi.
• Phraseological pu malu ana ia mea.

A hailona no linguists hai aku kuʻi nukeliu a me ke kuʻikahi, a me ka manawa "idiom" (ma ke ala, i ka hua'ōlelo mea cognate me ka noun "hupo"), i mea nae he hua'ōlelo'ālike no ka noun "idiom". O ke kumu ho i ka mea i kekahi manawa e kahaki ii i hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ia mea loa paʻakikī. Kēia inoa i ke kumukuai o ka hoomanao ana, e like me ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia phraseological ulana, lōkāhi, hoʻohuiʻia hoolilo a me kona kōkua - idioms.

I ka ninau o idiomatic, ka 'aoʻao

Colleague Vinogradova Nikolay Betesana mai Koi ikaika ma luna o ke ola ana o ka ha o ka? Ueo -, ka 'aoʻao. I ka mea,ʻo ia kaʻana phraseological ana Vinogradov i loko o nā waeʻano: ka maoli pu a me ka hōʻike.

Oiai ka Mea Maluna o ka Betesana mai, a hele aku ai i ka hilahila ma ka hana o ka puunaue ana i nä hopuna, akā, ka mea e leie aku oe i ka nui nui iho la ia noonoo i kēia'ōlelo kŰia.

He aha ka ke koena unuhi phraseological ulana, phraseological lōkāhi, phraseological pu

Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea ke kumukuai o ka naʻauao i kēia mau waiwai nui huahelu i puunaueia i loko o kēia mauʻano o ka lexical kiʻekiʻe o ke kuokoa ana o ko lakou mau eiiiiiaiou.

Turnovers i loa inseparable, kona ano a ua ole ua hoʻopili i ka waiwai o ko lākou mau eiiiiiaiou, ka mea, ua ua kapaia phraseological ulana. No kekahi laʻana: "hoʻokala fritters" (alakai hawawa kamailio ana), e hookomo i kekahi ka naʻau ma luna o kekahi o ka lole (e e mälama, literally 'o ia hoʻi "e komo i ka naʻau ma luna o kona lole"). Ma ke alanui, no ka mea adhesions ano e nānā ai, pinepine ka mea, e kū aʻeʻoe, mai kekahi kaulana ka olelo, o ka oi aku OOAOAaXUEIE paha, ka 'aoʻao o ke au kahiko o puke.

Phraseological ke kuʻikahi, i oi kuokoa hoomaopopo, ma ka pili ana i kona eiiiiiaiou. Haʻalele adhesions, kā lākou mau semantics mea ku pono i ka waiwai o ko lākou mau constituents. No keia kumu, i kēia nā Pun. No kekahi laʻana: "poe liilii, akā, pono hana" (kekahi kanaka i kekahi mea pono, mamua o kona i kilakila mawahoʻikepili) a me Ukrainian idiom: "katyuzі ma zasluzі" (i ka lawehala ana o ka hoopai pono ana o kona mau hemahema). Ma ke ala, i ka mau examples kahaki ii kekahi hanana hiʻona o unities: rhymed consonance. Paha keia mea ke kumu Viktor Vinogradov helu ia'ōlelo akamai a me ka olelo, e like nae ka mea e pili ana i ka phraseology nō ka hoopaapaa ma na mea he nui linguists.

Ke kolu oʻano: ka loaʻa nui o ka hopuna'ōlelo collocations. Ka mea, i loa me ka nui loa okoa mai ka luna elua. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka waiwai o ko lākou mau eiiiiiaiou pono e loli ai i ka ano o ka huina huli. No kekahi laʻana: "binge inu", "e hoala i ke kahe".

Phraseological ana ma Lūkini 'ōlelo (me ka Ukrainian a me ka' ōlelo Pelekānia) i kekahi kūikawā waiwai: lākou mau eiiiiiaiou hiki ke auou caiaiai me ka poho o ka manaʻo synonymous me "ka hoohihia ana i ka hanohano" - "hana ino aku ia haaheo", "ulaula bele" - "jingle". E like me ka laʻana o ka 'ōlelo o ka poʻe haʻaheo Pelekania - idiom e hōʻike i kekahi ka niho (hoike ana i na niho), i hiki ke hakuloli ia no kekahi kanaka: e hōʻike i kaʻu (kou, i kona, ia, mākou) niho.

Phraseological, ka 'aoʻao a me ka hui pu ana: ka kiʻiona hiʻona

Mea Maluna Victor Vinogradova, kahi o ka haku mele 'ana ua anao? Aou hoʻokahi wale mākau ano (pu ana o ka hopuna'ōlelo) i ke kiʻekiʻe o inā Nikolaem Shanskim. Hoomaopopo idioms a me ka hui pu ana, ua hala loa na mea (ma muli o kā lākou i oko ao ma o ka 'ole). Akā, me ka hou o ka mokuna o ka Betesana mai - hōʻike ( "ka makau ana o na ilio hihiu hae - i loko o ka ulu lāʻau,ʻaʻole e hele"), ka mea, ua paakiki eʻike mai o ka hoʻohui pū.

Akā, inā e ike i ka ninau, e hiki ke ike i ka maopopo pono ai, a ua muli ma luna o ka waiwai o phraseological pu malu ana. Pela, ke hōʻike iloko o ihola ia noa ka olelo, i hiki maopopo ai kuokoa semantics ( "a pau mea i ke gula - e glitters"). Eia naʻe, mai ka mau hopuna a me keia manawa,, e kuhi ana ma ia mea, ua ku paa auanei, ka 'aoʻao i mai ole komponiruyutsya no ka hou, a hoʻohana' ia ma ka hoʻopauʻana o ke ano like me ka EOIeIOUIeXAOOON, "horseradish radish mea ole kaʻono ma" (Ukrainian hoʻokolohua o "hrіn radish mea ole solodshy").

Phraseological ana ( "E ka alai, e oki aku" - "e haawi aku i ka lima, e oki aku") ua mau i loko o ka 'ole i kekahi mau olelo me ka unmotivated waiwai, ana a pau eiiiiiaiou o, ka' aoʻao semantically loa kuokoa ( "Man - mea kani maikai"). Incidentally, i kēia hiʻona o ia i kekahi mau linguists kanalua no ka ike o ka, ka 'aoʻao a pau i ka ahaaina i nä hopuna.

A me ka hui pu ana o hua'ōlelo mea,ʻaʻole he idiomatic 'aoʻao o

Idiom, he lexical wahi o ka hoomaopopo, o he kū hoʻokahi kŰia: ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, i na hoailona o nä hopuna a pau, akā, oi like waiwai i ka hua'ōlelo. Ike mau helehelena, e hiki eaaei aʻo e hoomaopopo i ka pilina paʻa phraseological ana, lōkāhi, kuʻi nukeliu a olelo mai ka mau hopuna.

• Idiom, like hoʻi me nä hopuna komo ana o kekahi mau interconnected hoailona, akā, ka hapanui o ko lākou manaʻo, ua hiki ke hele aku ma kela aoao o ka huina o ko lākou ke keʻena nā loina. No ka laʻana :. "lilo aku i kou poo" (pau ana i ka manaʻo sensibly) a "lilo ka aa kala" Words mea e mai i ka idiom, pinepine ia i loko o ka figurative pono.
• Wā hoʻohana ma ka olelo a me ke kākau haku mele 'ana i hanaʻia nä hopuna kēlā manawa hou. Akā, ke kuʻikahi, a me ka kuʻi nukeliu e mau paʻi i loko o ka palapala hope (e hoohui mai ia ia me ka olelo clichés). Phraseological pu ana o nā hua'ōlelo a me phraseological, ka 'aoʻao kekahi manawa i hookahuli ai i loko o keia pili ana. No ka laʻana: ", ma lalo o kona poʻo" "lī ia" (lele kupilikii o) naʻe ia mea phraseology, akā, kela mea keia mea o kona eiiiiiaiou mea hiki ke alalai ole ia mai hōʻike iʻike mau hopuna "lī kapa" a me ka
• Idiomatic (aie i ka pono o na aiee o kona eiiiiiaiou) i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia hiki ke hoopuni UAIAaIN e synonyms, e hiki ole ke hana i na olelo. No ka laʻana: ka mea hōʻike "kauwa o Melpomene," hiki ke hoopuni hoʻololi i ka mea hua'ōlelo "Artist" a me "Mea Keaka".
• Idiom, aole hana like inoa. No ka laʻana, hydronym "moana kai," a me ka phraseological hui pu ana, "i manawa" (unpopular manawa), "e waiho a make ke kaupaonaʻana" (moe ua hanaʻole waiwai).

Mea Maluna o phraseological huahelu ma Kinohi

E noonoo pono i ka ninau o ke kumu o phraseological pu malu ana, ka 'aoʻao o ke kuikahi, a splices ka mea, hiki ke maheleia i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu.

• Pu malu ana o i hele mai mai ka leo o ka poʻe i ka, "kiʻi ma luna o kona mau wāwae", "me ke aliʻi i loko o kona poo" (naʻaupō kēia), "ʻAʻole, i ka hebedoma" (loa pōkole manawa).
• 'Oihana pale, a i nā huli i phraseologisms :. "Black a me keʻokeʻo", "ninini ana i ka wai ma ka mea wili palaoa", "ma ka makahiki māmā holo"
• A ua lilo iconic olelo o kaulana mōʻaukala huahelu a me ka palapala, ai huapalapala, hōʻike huapalapala: "ka papa kuhikuhiE mea e hoʻopiʻi i noho ai" ( "kupua paha"), "akahele, kā" (M. Zhvanetskiy), au i ka moe (Luther King Martin).
• Ka pilina paʻa phraseological ana aie mai nā 'ōlelo' ē, i kekahi manawa me ka unuhi. No kekahi laʻana: o tempora, e oi aku (ma ka manawa, maʻano), carpe diem (hopu i ka lā), tempus vulnera sanat (manawa e hoola i nāʻeha).
• Kaha puana'ī mai o ka Baibala: "lei e hoʻohiolo ia" (hai / e hoike ana i kekahi mea aloha ole listeners / Mea Nānā), "e kali oe, a hiki i ka elua Nani" (e kali no ka mea no ka lōʻihi manawa, a paha pointless), "Prodigal Keiki", "mane mai ka lani mai".
• Māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana mai panina moʻokalaleo: "Apple o Discord" (he controversial kumuhana), "Greek makana" (ka hewa maluna i kaʻaʻahu o ka maikai), "nana i ka Medusa" (ka mea froze e like me ka pohaku).

Other Mea Maluna: ka mana Petra Dudika

• Eia hou Vinogradov a me Betesana mai, a me nā linguists ua ho'āʻo e puunaue i ka idioms, alakaʻi ma kā lākou mau kumu. Penei, he linguist hōʻike 'Dudik ole eha, akā,ʻelima ke ano o phraseological huahelu:
• Semantically indivisible idiom "e ia ma luna o ka pōkole wāwae" (kokoke i ka kekahi, e ike).
• Phraseology ke kuʻikahi, a me looser semantics o ka constituent kumu o "ke kopa'ā'ī" (hoʻopaʻi kekahi).
• Phraseological, ka 'aoʻao, haku loa o kuokoa hua'ōlelo, a hiki i ka huina waiwai io o ka i mea hiki ole e koho i kekahi hua'ōlelo'ālike. Mau Dudikʻano nui pili olelo a me nā'ōlelo akamai: "Gus puaʻa mea,ʻaʻole he hoaaloha."
• Phraseological pu - pu ana me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka metaphorical manaʻo o "uliuli koko", "Hawkeye".
• Phraseological nä hopuna. Wehewehe aku ma ka nele ana o ke kuikahi o metaphorical a me ka syntactic eiiiiiaiou: ". He nui pehu"

Mea Maluna Igorya Melchuka

Kaawale mai a pau na luna Mea Maluna e Mel'chukov phraseological naehana. E like me ka mea, ua anao? Aou nui hou? Ueony, a i puunaue i ka eha waeʻano.

• Ka papahelu piha manawa, polufrazema, kvazifrazema.
• Kūlana o ka pragmatic aʻe i loko o ke kahua phraseologism: semantic a me ka pragmatemy.
• A'ōlelo pa alima ka loaʻa o: ka hoailona, i ka hopuna'ōlelo, Ka Mooolelo O frazema.
• 'ōlelo hoailona ke keʻena mau frazeologizatsiyu: syntactics kakau, signifier, a hoike mai la,.

Mea Maluna Boris Larin

Kēia linguist puunaue i ka pilina paʻa pu ana o nā hua'ōlelo ma ka kahua o ko lākou evolution, mai ka mea maʻamau i nā hopuna o phraseology:

• Ee iaaanu aey pu ana (pu ana o ka mea like, a idiomatic, ka 'aoʻao): "velvet manawa".
• Ka poe i lilo kekahi o kona iniiaiie manaʻo, akā, ua hiki ke 'imi metaphors a me stereotype: ", mālama i ka pōhaku i loko o kona poli"
• Idioms, pono devoid o semantic kuokoa o ko lākou mau eiiiiiaiou, a ua nalowale mai hoopa aku i ko lakou mau palapala lexicalʻano a me ka grammatical kūlana (Analog phraseological adhesions a me ka lōkāhi), "mai o ka lima" (hewa).

Common examples o phraseological pu malu ana

Lalo o kekahi mau 'ano maikaʻi-ike hale lio ana.

• "E noho nanea ana," (koikoi).
• "Downcast maka" (hilahila).
• "Ua lilo" (kuikui aku la kekahi).
• "Kukū pukana" (pilikia he mea pono tactful ka noonoo).

ʻOiai English idioms Vinogradov Mea Maluna a me Betesana mai aole i pili, nae, e hiki ke koho i ka i nä hopuna e e hoʻolaha hiki i kekahi hui malu pu ana o ka hopuna'ōlelo.
examples:

• Poli hoa - poli buddy (poli hoa - i ka poli hoa).
• A Sisyfean hana (Sisyphean).
• A kukulu iho la i kaua - he inaina kaua (ikaika kaua - he ikaika kaua).

Phrasebook

Ka nui helu o phraseological naehana Mea Maluna aie i ka mea i kekahi o ia mau mea, aole ia e haawi i piha kumu hoʻomalu ka mea, aohe kuhihewa. Nolaila, e ka waiwai, e ike i ka Dictionary oe hiki ke 'imi i ka, hoʻomaoe hou akula, inā e hiki ole pololei ho oholo i keʻano phraseologism. Nā puke wehewehe o keia 'ano e māheleʻia i loko o monolingual a me ka'ōleloʻokoʻa. Aia ma lalo mākou i unuhi i ka loa kaulana buke o keia ano keia ano, ma ka i 'oe e loaʻa examples o ka paa, ka' aoʻao, no ka mea, he pono ole i loko o ka 'ōlelo Lūkini.

• Monolingual: "aʻo phrasebook" E. Bystrova; "I ke kuniʻana i ka verb - Dictionary hoolaʻi phraseology" V. Kuzmich; "Phraseological puke wehewehe'ōlelo o Lūkini Language" Fedoseev; "Phraseological puke wehewehe'ōlelo o Lūkini ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo" I. Fedoseyev a "Big sensibly-phrasebook" M. Michelson.
• 'ōleloʻokoʻa: "English-Russian phrasebook" (he iwakalua tausani i nä hopuna) A. Kunin, "Great Polish-Russian, Lūkini-Polish phrasebook" Yu Lukshina a me kaulele House Russian-English Dictionary o Idioms Sofia Lubensk.

Paha hoomaopopo ana ia mea i kekahi manawa, paakiki e koke hoomaopopo i? Ueo a pau i kekahi idiom, keia kumuhana i mea incredibly huikau. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole pela diabolo like ia i ka pena. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ala e hoʻomōhala i ka hiki, e imi i ka hoʻohui pū pono o nā hua'ōlelo phraseological phraseological huahelu i waena o kekahi poe - e hana mau. A i loko o ka hihia o na 'ōlelo - e noiʻi i nā kêia kanaka o kēia mau hopuna a hoʻopaʻanaʻau ia. Kēia,ʻaʻole wale kōkua i ka i komo i loko o awkward wahi, i hiki i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, akā, e hana ia mea maikai a me ka imaginative.