Pīlali - He aha ka mea? pīlali? iecaianoaaiiuo

It ke kupaianaha pehea like me nā mea a puni mākou, a me na mea mai a lakou i hana ai. Mua, e pili ana i XV-XVI kenekulia, i ka papa kuhikuhi pono i ke hooheheeia, lāʻau, aniani hope, kokoke i nā manawa porcelain a me ka earthenware. Akā, i ka manawa kenekulia - i ka manawa o polymers, a e e kūkā mai no hoi ia.

I ka manaʻo o nā polymers

Pīlali. He aha ka mea? 'Oe ke pane i na kumu likeʻole o ka nānaina. Ma ka kekahi lima, he laekahi mea hoʻohana no ka manufacturing i iiiaanoaa o oaoieei-a me ko ka hale ona mau.

Ma ka kekahi lima, ua hiki ke olelo aku ia mea i ka pela synthesized kemikala waiwai loko me ka hoʻoholo ma mua waiwai no ka hoʻohana i loko o ke ākea specialization.

Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau wehewehena mea pololei, wale ka mea mua ma ka olelo o ka hale, a me ka lua - mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka Nine Inch. Kekahi Nine Inch ka wehewehena mea like penei. Polymers - keia macromolecular hui i i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o pōkole wahi o ka lātoma kaula - monomers. Ka mea, recur pinepine ae la oia ho okumu i pīlali macrochain. Nā monomers paha e nā ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole i huiʻia.

No laila, o ka ninau: "? Pīlali - He aha ka mea" - pono i ka piha pane a me ka hoʻoponopono 'ana i nā mea a pau i ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohana i kēia mau waiwai.

'ano o nā polymers

He nui Mea Maluna polymers ma kekahi mau ano (Nine Inch ano, wela ia'ku, kaula 'ole, a laila, ma luna). ʻO kēia papaʻaina pokole kūkākūkā i ka walaʻauʻanaʻano o polymers.

I maopopo ma waena o laina polymers, kea-ua hoʻopili a me ka manamana ai 'ole. pīlali kumu apono 'ia e e thermoplastic paha thermosetting. Ua loaʻa nō hoʻi i oko ao i ka hiki i ka ino ma lalo o maʻamau ana.

Ke physical waiwai o polymeric mea

XIX. Mau hoʻopiha rula, typical o polymers mea:

• amorphous;
• he aniani.

Kēlā me kēia wehewehe aku ma kona huapalapala iho o ka waiwai a me ka ua nui mea hiki manaʻo nui. No ka laʻana, ina ka pīlali i loko o ka amorphous moku'āina i koe, a laila ka mea i e vyazkotekuschey wai, a me ka glassy mea, a me ka elastomeric hui (rubbers). Ua Ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o Nine Inch na hana, e kukulu,' ike loea,? Iecaianoaaiiie o hanalima waiwai.

Ka mea pōaka moku'āina o polymers i loaʻike mau. I mea, kēia moku'āina ua interspersed me amorphous māhele o ka huakai kaapuni, a me ka nui o ka pau lātoma huli mai loa pono no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o'ōlewa, akā, i ka mea ia manawa kiʻekiʻe a me ka paa olona.

Ka mahele heheʻe i ka helu no na polymers meaʻokoʻa. He nui amorphous mahele heheʻe i ka i mehana ea, a me kekahi kemikala mea pōaka hoole aku i ke 'ano kiʻekiʻe Mahana O Ke Kai (plexiglas, aniani puluniu, polyurethane, polypropylene).

Polymers hiki ke pena i loko o nā waihoʻoluʻu, me kekahi kapu. Manawa i kā lākou 'ole, e hiki no i ka hoʻokemuʻana i ka HW, a loaʻa i ka loa ana, a hana nā waihoʻoluʻu lakou.

Nine mall o polymers

Nine waiwai o polymers oko, mai ka poe mai o haʻahaʻa hakakino kaumaha waiwai. O ke kumu ho i ka nui o ka lātoma, i ke alo o okoa ooieoeiiaeuiuo pūʻulu i loko o kona 'ole, i ka pono pua paha o ka ho'ā hope ikehu.

I mau, loaʻa nō kekahi mau walaʻauʻana ano o reactions ano o polymers:

1. Reactions mea e e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pūʻulu. I ua, ina ka pīlali mea he hui OH, typical waiʻona mai ke kino, nolaila, ke naoh i loko i ka mea e hiki mai i e'ālike i ka poe o ka waiʻona mai ke kino (dehydration, 'okesaside, ka ho'ēmiʻana, dehydration, etc.).
2. AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka HMC (haʻahaʻa-hakakino i huiʻia).
3. Reactions ma waena o polymers e hana i kekahi crosslinked macromolecular latike (ulana pukapuka, polymers, ai manamana).
4. Nā reactions ma waena o ooieoeiiaeuiuo pūʻulu loko o ka pīlali macromolecule.
5. Disintegration o ka macromolecule ma na monomers (kaula hoʻololi iho).

A pau kēia mau reactions mea o ka nui i loko o nä hana kilokilo, no ka makaukau o polymers me ka hoʻoholo ma mua ka waiwai a me ka oluolu ke kanaka. Pīlali kemika apono 'oe, e ho okumu i wela-hoʻopale,ʻakika a me ka mekala' åkilikai-maopopo pono hana, a i ma ka ia manawa pono kohoʻia a me ka kumupaʻa.

Noi o polymers ma ka maʻamau o

Ke hoʻohana i kēia mau i huiʻia ma. Mau ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā mahinaʻai o ka hana, hoʻokele waiwai, 'epekema a me ka' ike loea, a makemake ole e pono ai pīlali. He aha ka mea - he polymeric hoʻokele waiwai a me ka laha ana, a pehea ia ua ana?

1. Nine hana (ea manufacturing, tannins, ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui i huiʻia).
2. Mechanical 'enekinia, maunakea, aila refineries.
3. Medicine a me ka pharmacology.
4. Kaniak make a me ka pōkā pahū, pesticides a me herbicides, insecticides ma ka mahiai.
5. ? Ieoaeunoai hana (kila alloying, manao kani a me ka wela'īpale, hale lako).
6. Stitch toys, mau kīʻaha, paipu, poho, ka hale 'ikamu a me housewares.

Pīlali kemika produces hou, a nui hou, pono paʻa waiwai o mea, na Likes a i ole i waena o ke hooheheeia paha i waena o ka laau a me ka aniani.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka polymeric mea

Mua mākou e hōʻike 'ia kekahi' huahana mai polymers (ka mea, i hiki ole i ka helu a pau, he nui loa o ko lākou 'ano), oe mua pono mea i hāʻawi mai i ka pīlali i maopopo. Ka mea, i ka loaa mai o ka Moana, a e ia i ke kumu no ka wā e hiki mai huahana.

XIX. Mea i mai polymers, e:

• Ka lula ea Ke;
• polypropylenes;
• polyurethanes;
• polystyrene;
• polyacrylates;
• phenol formaldehyde kēpau;
• pīlali kēpau;
• Capron;
• viscose;
• nylons;
• polyester olona, ;
• adhesives;
• ho film;
• tannins a me na mea e ae.

Kēia mea wale nō heʻuʻuku ka papa inoa o nā mea likeʻole ma ka mea, e kaumaha ana ke kālā no kemika. Akā, eia mua ka mea, ua maopopo ka 'ikamu a me nā huahana i i mai polymers - kokoke i kekahi hale' ikamu, lapaʻau a me nā wahi (ea puka makani, paipu, lumi kuke mau ipu, i na mea paahana, lako, toys, Film, etc.).

Polymers i loko o nā kula o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea hou

Mākou i hoopa mai nei ma luna o ka ninau o na mau mea i loko o i polymers i hoʻohana. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hōʻike lākou nui ma ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea, hiki ka hopena i loko o ka kēia:

• noi o ka laholio;
• antistatic ka paleʻana;
• electromagnetic a me na pale lima;
• Hihia o ka aneane pau hale nā mīkini home;
• transistors;
• LEDs, a no laila, ma luna o.

Aia nō i kapu i ka hoʻohana 'ana o polymeric mea i loko o ka Fantasy honua i keia la.

pīlali? iecaianoaaiiuo

Pīlali. He aha ka mea? Ua kokoke mai na mea a pau e hoopuni iho la iā mākou. Where i mea hua?

1. Petrochemical (hoohehee maemae au ia) hana.
2. Special mea kanu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o polymeric mea a me nā huahana mai o ia mau mea.

'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu ma i loaa mai ai (synthesized) polymeric mea.