Antonov An-2 hoakaka, engine, kāpena, māmā, photo a me ka uku

Kēia mīkini i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ia nei hoa paio ma ke kakahiaka nui postwar makahiki. An-2 pelane mea a hiki laila OOAOAaXUEE, i ka mea kiʻekiʻe maunakea Aupuni i kā lākou manaʻo iho o pehea e nana 'enehana kēia. Biplane me "kūmūmū" ihu a me koo mea i laa, o ka mālama '-kaua i hala, oia hoʻomaopopo' o ka plywood U-2, a no ia koke "apo la" hōʻino inoa kapakapa "corncob" (ka hoʻohenehene 'iki aʻo mokulele provoevavshy a pau kaumaha eha makahiki ma ke alo). Owai la ka mea i ike i keia unsightly pelane ola ma hope iho kona manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a no ka lōʻihi manawa ...

Antonovskaya manaʻo

Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka lewa amo. Keia kumuhana, ua hele mai i ona lā ma luna o ka loina o ka loa. Pepehi mokulele, Bombers a me ka ikaika iloko o ke kaua, he mea e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka poʻe akamai i ka waiwai o ka hana i ka pili ana koa pono, he ka hookumu ana o ke kivila maunakea laikini PS-84 (iʻikeʻia me Li-2, i kūʻaiʻia nā moʻolelo a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo lako a pan i loko o ka United States i loko o nā kanakolu). Antonov, he kanaka opiopio (i iki ma 30), komo i loko o airborne glidersʻokoʻa nona iho. A makahiki ma mua o ka kaua,ʻo ia kona makemake nui i ka prototype mokulele HE-2. Hoakaka mai i paha ukupanee'ōnaehana, a me ka haʻahaʻa-ka māmā holo biplane ikea malovmestitelnym. Oleg Antonov hoi i ka manao o ke awa o kana oihana, akā, mai hoopoina e pili ana i kā lākou mau manaʻo.

manaʻo

I ka makahiki 1945 i ka Soviet aupuni ike i ka progressiveness agroobrabotki lawe aerosredstvami. Pollination a me ka aaioee Nine Inch ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mokulele ua commonplace i loko o ka US, a me nā mea a pau o kaʻenehana pae holomua i loko o ka lāʻau kū-kaua, O ka lukuia, urgently pono, aia no he ai ka hoʻoponopono ulia i loko o ke aupuni. Eia hou kekahi, he uuku mokulele hiki no e hali ana i ke kakini ohua a ukana tona a mau i pono, a me ka unahi kona, a me kaʻaneʻane a pau nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, o ka oi aku e malama i loihi pāhili. XIX. Olelo no ka mea hou mīkini i ua kālaiʻia i loko o nā hua'ōlelo o ka maopopo kahi: ka mea, e lawe aʻe, mai makaukau kahua, e e hiki ke hana i loko o ke akea climatic huahelu. Malama E i koi 'enehana kūikawā. A, o ka papa, he pono e ka ike loea a me ka maʻalahi hana. A pau kēia mau koi, ua oo pahuhopu nei me KE-2, ke kope mua o i i aku la, mai Novosibirsk ho'āʻo kahua i ka makahiki 1947,. Ke manaʻo ehiku makahiki aku nei, ua noi ia.

I loko o ka USSR

No ka elima makahiki, i i ka mokulele i loko o kŘpa a uuku (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka USSR) mea, wale he mau haneri apana. Ma hope o ka "makua kāne o nā lāhui kanaka" o ka make N. S. Hruschev, nana i alakai i ka aoao, a me ka aina ua hemo aku he mahuahua ma ia auoiaea o kēia mīkini. An-2 pelane fits i loko o ka manaʻo o ke ao noi o Nine Inch a me ka hooulu ana o ka mahiai, ma mua a i ka pīhoihoi hana i "ka lawaiʻa mai, a loaa" ka papa kuhikuhiE enemi i ke ao nei ka o ka USSR - ka United States. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo kumu ua mua Kiev maunakea kanu helu 437. Mahiai-ho'ākāka ka hoʻololi 'ana i ka' inideka "M" i kūkuluʻia i loko o Dolgoprudny. No ka haohao o O. K. Antonova, ua lilo ohua aneane i ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ke An-2. ua i manaoia E noa ka ano o ka mokulele oluolu i ka holo a me ka ukana "kui aku la" ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa "palena",ʻaʻole he hindrance. Kalaiaina ua lako pono i loko o ka simplest alanui, ua kau ma na aoaoʻanoʻololī mau papa noho. Oia hiʻona o kona hanaia'na mau akamai ua'ōleloʻia tartly lawa, kapa ana ia ia he "piuta hiki me ka'ēheu." Naʻe, ke kiʻi An-2 me Aeroflotovskie "'ēheu", na xi kokoke i ka Chukchi o niaie ??, e kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ka mauna kula mai, a wale ma luna o ka mahiʻai kahua, halawai pinepine aku i loko o ka Soviet ahakanaka o ia mau makahiki. Ka balota kuai i uku, i kekahi manawa no ka ekolu rubles ke lele i ka kokoke Apana oaio, oluolu a me ka hanohano undemanding, akā, kanaka i olelo mai ai o "Annushka" loa mahana.

Kauwā wahine i loko o ...

A 1963 ka An-2 ua wale Soviet mokulele. I ka 1958 i ka palapala kuhikuhi o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka Socialist lahui alu like 'ana i Poland, he Soviet hola hookuu hoomaka i nā e'opi. Polish poe PZL-Mielec i "ma ka'ēheu" Uaʻaneʻane 12 tausani biplanes, i meaʻano nui i kuai ai Soviet Union (oi ma mua o 10,000). Terms o ka haawi ana i ka "Mokuna'āina" i hoakaka ia ma ka mua, a me ka maalea o ka i koe, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Socialist'āina a me nā wahi o ka Honua, kahi āna i hoʻomaopopo i kēia hanana mokulele.

Antonov Design Buro machines i ike ia ma Kina. Aia massively paka HE-24 ma ka laikini (loaa inideka Y-7) a me An-2 (Y-5). Ka huina helu hua mai i loko o ke ao nei, "Annushka" he nui loa heʻumikumamāwalu tausani, 2012 o ia mea i loko o ka maikaʻi oaoieei-ano e noho ai 2300 apana. An-2 pelane, e like me ka Guinness Puke o World - ola kai-moolelo paa, e hua mai ma oi ma mua o eono makahiki.

Ma ka helm o "Annushka"

All pailota me ka hana ana o piloting kekahi biplane (incidentally, ka nui), e hoailona oukou kona kū hoʻokahi "volatility". Ka nui piliʻilikai āpana lawe ana aneane eliminates keia kaʻawaʻawa loa kŰia like "svalivaemost". Me ka headwind i 50 km / h An-2 e e kokoke "kau ma luna o ka wahi", hoʻolahalahai ma luna o ka paʻa wahi o ka honua. Ua hiki aku i ka hiki ana i ka manaʻo i loko o ke ano ua huli aku a malfunctioning engine. Simple, akā, ua ike pono no-papahana wawahi iho la, like me ka poe i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ia i kona kalaka, ho'ēmi i kawowo hope awa, a me na koi no ka runway ka loa conditional. An-2 kaba kūikawā oluolu mea okoa, akā, aka oluolu, pono mau pailota mea e lawa ka lewa. Glazing i nā wānana waiwai i mea e hoʻoikaika 'ana iʻike pono.

hou koho

Ke kaʻa Ua i ua holoiʻia, i, o ka papa, a me ka aerodynamic wahi o ka hoomaopopo, meaʻino, akā, hemolele i ka hua'ōlelo o ka pono. Pneumatic EII e hiki, me ka haalele ana i ke kaba, he mea kukulu ai-i loko o ka mea'opihia. Ma waho aʻeo iʻike mau huila ma ka regular IeIIeYOA lele xi no ana i loko o ka hooilo a me'Ālika rula a me kūikawā huina lāʻau lana, ua like no me moku, Alakai, mahalo no i ka mokulele huli e hydroplane.

I hoʻoponopono i ka manaʻo kū kaʻawale, me ka refueling, nae ka wahie EII ni, hiki ke pumping i wahie, mai ka barela pololei i loko o ka pahu poʻina nalu.

Noi o An-2

Oia mall a me ka hana ana ka naau kupono i keia mokulele paʻa mau ma na hihia. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka lele keʻena hoʻokolohua, ea ambulance, eheu ahi kona kalaka. Ua nui hiʻona o An-2 i loko o ka aero na newa, he nui 'âlapa parachutists i kā lākou Jump mua, oia hehi i loko o ka puka ma waho o ka biplane. mana, ua hanaia no ka ino reconnaissance ana me ka hou kāpena ma mua papamoe empennage. Inā pono, o ka mokulele hiki ke iho i loko o kaʻoi loa-mālamalama pepehi mokulele, a kau aku la ia ia Nursi a me ka hope. He, o ka papa, e e haʻahaʻa-holo, akā, pololei, e i LIKE.

ano o ka

Holo a me ka hana ana o keia mīkini mea ia ia pela a hiki i kekahi manawa,ʻaʻole nō he hope mokulele HE-2. Kōmike 'ano o ka mea a me kēia lā i loa i ka pono no ka papa o ka malamalama kaa. Takeoff Weight -. 5.5 tons me ka payload o 1.5 nā kana liuliu, hoʻolaʻa no ka waiwai kaupalena kiekie o 1.8 m, 1,6 ka m akea, 4,1 ka m lōʻihi e noho hoʻopuni ana Normal -. 12. No ka takeoff lawa hoʻowali pale 235 mika loa, a no ka kanu - 10 mau mika emi. Palena - 4200, akā, ka mea, ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ae lele i emi altitudes. Ke cruising māmā HE-2 He 180 km / h, i ka i kā mākou hiki 235 km / h (piha haawe). Ka mīkini ke lele 'ole-hooki no aneane he tausani kilomika.

kēia pilikia

Ke kanaka, o ka loa holomua mamuli o ka enehana, lilo obsolete ma manawa. No koe, a me ka HE-2. Hiʻona O maikai, akā, i loko o ko mākou manawa e koi ma o ka mana loa i loli. I kekahi manawa, i ka wa ano o gazvoda loaʻa oi ma mua o kakolina, kona hokii uku iki noonoo. Kēia au hoʻomau no ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, i ke ala ma ka lilo o kaʻaila kā huahana, kena ae la ia i ka noonoo.

Pake Antonov-2 carburetor, tysyachesilny, loa ike loea, akā, pono i ka kūikawā ... kakolina, mokulele hēkī, ia mea pipiʻi. A me ka hoopau ana o ka mea oi nui. Ma kekahi'āina, pakahi aku la ia i loko o Canada a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i kēia 'ano o ka mokulele ua hookapuia. Eia naʻe, Waihona Noʻeau a me he mea makemake e loaʻa i ka An-2. Ke kumukuai o ka hapalua o ka miliona rubles, a luna e ole ana ka poe i makemake e kiʻi maoli makemake mai piloting poe "ʻohi hua waina mokulele."

Lua o ka wa opiopio, HE-2

CB O. K. Antonova i kekahi o ka mea mua, e hoʻouka mīkini peahi uila kiko'ī hoʻohewa amo a me ka ohua Kekoa. Nā pono, he nui: o ka wahie - kerosene, kiʻekiʻe pono, ka hoʻokōʻana, halulu ka ho'ēmiʻana. Ma nā kanalima, ke manao keʻena i mōhai i hana kēia o An-2, i hoʻolako pono me ka turboprop (turbo-propeller engine), akā, i ke alakaʻi o ka maunakea hana ho'āʻo pono koho, e hoouna aku ma makakoho papahana o ka meakino hana maʻamau moku, manao e puku i ka Il-14 a me Li-2, ka poe i hana i ia manawa a pau o nā 'āina? ooia. Eia hou, i ka kūpono ka nui o kiko'ī ua i ka hewa manawa. Akā, ma ka hopena o 70 ka engine hoʻomalu mai Omsk kūkulu HPT-20, e mea pono no "Annushka". I ka makahiki 1990 ka mea, ua makemake HE-3, a me ka glider kokoke loa ka pāʻana i ka "ili" ma KE-2, akā, me he okoa powerplant. Ma ka puke,ʻo ia i hele, hooki oicyenoaaiiie pilikia. Ka pāhana Keoni a i ka 1997, ohui i kēia avionics. I ka loa i'ōlelo mai ai 'āpana o hoʻonupaikini "Annushek" noʻonoʻo "remotoring" mokulele, e malama i ka liʻiliʻi loa ka hapa-lifespan.

Na hana ma keia ala e hiki aku i lalo o ke ala i loko o Ukraine, malaila ua hoʻohana 'ia ka engine MS-14 "Hawaii Sich". Aia o kekahi koho (Novosibirsk) modernization o ka biplane kaulana, komo ai i ka mea hoʻonoho o kekahi laekahi 'Amelika Honeywell ka engine. Ua hoʻololi 'ia ka inoa o HE-2ms.

Ma nā mea a pau kēia mau hihia a pau, i ka mea hoʻonoho o ka mīkini peahi uila Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka pilikia o ka walaau, excessive wahie hokii , a hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka rejection o ka "100" momoku ahi o ka pipiʻi kakolina. Ma nā mea a pau'ē aʻe i ka mahalo, i ka HE-2 - he kaʻa nui. He mea kumu, e kuhi ana ia e ia i ke ola loa i loko o ka lani, ma o ka ululaau, i nā mahinaʻai a me nā kūlanakauhale.