Pugachev hoopai ma Bolotnaya Square: i ka lā. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov i ka mōʻaukala

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev ua he Don Cossack, ka poe i hele ae la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka luna o Kaua ke kauwa ', a i wahi i loko o Rusia, mai 1773 a hiki i 1775. He i ka lanakila o ka poe i hele mai ana paakiki lono i ka Emperor Peter III, allegedly ola, akā, illegally ousted e Ana II a me kana ipo Grigori Orlov. Pugachev i ka loa holomua o na impostors a pau posing me mō'ī.

Kuka kipi alakaʻi

Ma ke kaua ia i wahi ma Solenikovoy nā koa i ma ka hope o Augate 1774, na kipi i make. Ke koena o ko lākou poʻe kaua neʻe i loko o ka southeasterly ala e hiki aku ma ka Volga. I ke ahiahi, ma August 25, ma mua e holo ai i ka Black Yar, ka mea e hoʻokele i kela kapa o ka mea mua, mai ke kapa akau o ka muliwai ma kekahi o na mokupuni, a laila, me ia ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana. Pugachev alakaʻi i ke koena o kona poe koa ma ka hikina, ma kela aoao o ka muliwai Akhtuba, ma ke kae hema o ka i hea aku i ka hālāwai. Ua Ua hooholoia ma ka hana hou aku.

Na ka luna o na kipi kaumaha aku kekahi mau koho neoneo. I ka mua o ia mau mea - e hele mai ia i ka Volga a me OAAIeOO i ka Caspian Sea, a laila, i loko o ka roundabout ala e kiʻi ai i Ukraine, a hui i ka Zaporozhye Cossacks. A lua oʻano e pili ana ma ka holo Bashkiriya a me Siberia.

kipi

Eia naʻe, hoʻolalaʻo e pakele ai? Ooia, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev i ole maopopo ia i keia manawa ma hope ona oʻo'āina lā, a komo i ka Cossack colonel, ua hoʻoholo ihola e kumakaia ia ia. Kona hea ka hoa hoʻoholo i ka haawi ia ia i ka mana, a me ka hoʻi loaa ia ia i kala mai ke aupuni.

Ke kipi i loa FF Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov, a ma kahi o elua kakini Yaik Cossacks. Lākou loa 'aʻole' aelike me kekahi o ka Pugachev kou akamai, a waiho aku i ka ee-manaʻoi hāpai 'ia e hele i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Uzen. E hana i kēia, koho ae la lakou i ke ala o ka Apana, a ma ka September 8, hiki i ka weliweli. Hopu i ka manawa, i ka wa a ka papa koa o Cossacksʻikeʻia i loko o ka mamao, ka poʻe kipi iho la maluna o Pugachev. Ma ke ala e hiki ai i ke kūlanakauhale Yaikʻo ia i nā manawaʻelua ho'āʻo e pakele ai, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. Chumakov a me ka waiū, a holo aku,ʻalo me ka huli aoao, a i kauoha mai ai ma ka lunahaneri Harchev. He lawe mai i loko o ke kipi Yaitsky kaona.

No laila au i loaa Emelyan Pugachev. Kauwa 'War, alakaiia e keia kanaka kekahi, koke i ho'ōki iho, nae, Suvorov a Panin loa ua pololei ala i loko o ka pilikia'āina, hooku iho la lakou mua mana.

hopena

Ka mua interrogation Emelyana Pugacheva Ua hoʻopiʻi ma September 15 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Yaik. I ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana alakaʻi Mavrin, a me ka mea mua, ua loaʻa mai i nā mea kiko'ī o ke Kawaihae o ka detainee. Hope i loko o kona hoike ana i Major-General Potemkin, ua palapala mai ia Pugachev ua maluhia, a hoahu iho la. Ma hope oʻekolu lā o ka interrogation imposter hiki a me Lutanela-General Suvorov, ka mea kino alakaʻi i ke ana. Ma hope o ia, i ka hopu i alakaʻi i Simbirsk. E lawe aku ia i na he hana uuku nā hīnaʻi manu lele aku ma luna o kekahi mau-huila kaa.

Ma Simbirsk mai 2 a hiki i 6 October Pugacheva ninau ole wale, akā, no hoi, e pili ana i ka mahalo i kona hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana. He ua e incriminate ia ia iho a me kona mau hoa hana. October 26 Pugachev hoouna i Moscow ma lalo o kaumaha kiai. I ka hōʻeaʻana i loko o ke poʻo,ʻo ia i mālama i loko o ka hale ilalo o ka hale, a neo? Aaiiai? Ka mineta. A me ia, i laweʻia, a me ka'ē aʻe i komo i loko o ka uprising. Ma December 30, ka mua Ahaolelo o ka Aha, a i wahi ma ka nohoalii Hall o ka Kremlin. I kekahi lā i lawe mai iʻaneʻi, a me Pugachev, ka mea ua ma luna o kona mau kuli, i mai ninau, a laila, lohe i ka verdict. I ka'ōlelo ua kalakala: ka hewa mua hapaha,ʻoki akula i kona poʻo, a laila, razvezut māhele o ke kino i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ke kulanakauhale, a kuni i ka mea.

hope hoomakaukau

Ua kohoia Ka lā o ka hooko ana o Pugachev ma January 10, 1775. Ma ke kakahiaka a hiki i ona lā i loko o ka hale paʻahao, e ke kahuna o ke Kazan Hale Pule Nui archpriest Theodore, ka mea i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make e kohu like ai. Ma hope o ia, ke convoy lawe mai i loko o ka iwilei shackled kipi, a noho aku la ia ia i loko o kona sleigh. A me ia, hele aku la na kahuna elua, i aku la ia ia Koi, e mihi no kana mau hana ma ke alanui.

He poʻokela hanana like Pugacheva hoopai ana, i ka nui helu o ka poʻe e hoahu ae ma Bolotnaya Square mua ka wanaʻao. 'āwai ia i cordonedʻia ma ka mākaʻi huahelu ma mua, a ua, ua hoouna aku ia ia i kākoʻo mai o infantry regiments. Ka mea, apuepue ia laua ke hoopaa i ka mea hiki ole puʻe o na kanaka lehulehu. Ke kanaka piha i wale i ka holoʻokoʻa wahi, akā, i ka mea e pili alanui. People ua a hiki i ka hale o kokoke hale a me ka ekalesia.

Hana ma ka hooko ana o Pugachev

A i kekahi kaula o sledges me ka convoy hala alahou ana alahaka, ku ae la o Pugachev, a hoomaka ae la e kulou iho la i loko o nāʻaoʻao. I aku la kela a hui hou i na kanaka. Sani pio hoʻoneʻe i ka wahi, a papani iho la i kokoke i ka'āwai. Emelyana Pugacheva me Afanasiem Perfilevym i lawe mai ai i ka anuu. Ma hope o lākou ala he mau kahuna, bailiffs, aha luna a me ka poe koa.

Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e heluhelu i ka verdict, oiai i ka papa kuhikuhiE kipi mai ka manawa i ka manawa i bapetizoia a hāmau i mai la i ka pule. Ma hope o ia, ke kahuna hoomaikai aku i ke kanaka hoahewaiaʻe e make ia, a ua i mai la i kekahi mau hōʻoluʻolu hua'ōlelo. laila, haawi ae Pugachev kona hope'ōlelo mai ana me na olelo: "E kala mai iaʻu, Orthodox kanaka ..." a me ka ka mea, ma ia manawa i hitting moe, a tirelessly bapetizo, huli i kona noonoo ana i ka Kremlin cathedrals.

Ua weheia e aho koke mahope hanana. Ka hooko ana o Pugachev hoomaka me ka mea ana o ka hoahewa ia hoʻokiʻekiʻe shackles, a haehae i nā kapa, a he minuke ma hope o kona koko poʻo ma ka lauoho paʻa i loko o kona mau lima i ka Ilamuku.

Memories o kaʻike maka

Haku mele a me ka fabulist o ke au Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, e like loa no me ka Moscow aliʻi, ua i mamao mai o ka'āwai, a me ka hiki keʻike i nā mea kiko'ī o ana i ka hooko ana o Pugachev. I loko nō o ka mea i ke kipi Alii i ke kaulana me ka formidable aihue, he mea kākau i loko o kona maka au i i nana ole i kekahi mea brutal a hae. He hōʻike iā ia e like me ka maʻamau ke kanaka i loko o kona mau forties, o ka meakino kiʻekiʻe, a me ka pouli complexion, a he kuhikuhi mai la lakou umiumi. Externally, ia mea loa he hope e like Emperor Peter III, a me ka mea, ua kupaianaha pehea kanaka ke lawe i kekahi no ka mea 'ē aʻe.

Kekahi eyewitness o ia mau hanana, nä känaka 'epekema, mea kākau a me ka poe akeakamai, Alana Timofeevich Bolotov, i kekahi i kekahi i na haiahū kūmau i loko o ka hooko ina hana. E like me ka verdict, Emelyana Pugacheva i hoonoho ia 'ole. E., First oki iho la i na lima a me na wawae, a me wale laila, e oki i kona poo. Naʻe, ka Ilamuku i ke ku pono. Luna Nui o na makai Arkharov ua i loko o ka haunaele, a ua kūamuamu hoʻi Ilamuku no ka poʻe luna hoʻi. E like me ka hopena, Ua oki ae la i kona mau lima a me nā wāwae maopopo kona kanaka ma hope o kona make ana.

Grace Ana II

He keia aole i ikeia ilamuku huikau, a me ka mea āna i hana ai ia ka noonoo e? Ua kakau iho la A. S. Pushkin i loko o kona puke "History o ka Pugachev kipi". Eia ka mea haku mele haawiia keia i kekahi palapala mai ka mō'ī a hiki i ka luna Volkonsky, i hana mai ai me ka mea i ka mea, aole ia i ae manaʻo kanaka e hana brutally i hewa. No laila, ma mua o ka hooko e lawe wahi Pugacheva Ekaterina allegedly ai 'pū i hiki ma ka Luna o na makai Arkharova malu aʻo i ka Ilamuku i ka meaʻoki mua aku Emelyan Pugachev ka poo, a wale laila hoonoho ia. An hana hoihoi oiaio mea i ka Empress supposedly pololei papaia e hōʻike ia anywhere'ē aʻe.

Ua ua i ike ina paha he nui nae mea he PAaIEN o Ana II, akā, i alakaʻi nui ma mua o ka kūhelu hoonoho ia i loko o Russian. Eia hou, i ka lehulehu hooko o Pugachev ma ka Swamp wahi ua no hoi ka hope. E like me ka verdict, i Impaled o kona poo, a kau aku ma luna o ka lehulehu make, a ua hāʻawiʻia hookaawale kino māhele i wahi likeʻole o ke kulanakauhale, a puhi aku i ka kekahi la ae.

Hopena o na kauwa 'War

Pela i pau ai ke kipi, hookahi ho'ālaʻia ma ka piha o recalcitrant Cossacks, i i alai ai e Emelyan Pugachev. Ma ka mōʻaukala o keia Lūkini kua'āina War haʻalele i ka hohonu kumumea, e like me ua loli loa o ka aina, he holo mai Siberia a hiki i Moscow, a mai ka Kuban a hiki i Murom.

Ma hope o ka pau ana o ka Pugachev kipi ma ka mea o Empress Ana II Ua i lehulehu he manifesto, i oleloia e ke kipi e e pepehiia, e "mau loa oblivion." A i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka iki hoomanao ana i keia koko au hou, ua i kauoha e Kapa hou Yaitsky kipi kūlanakauhale i loko o Uralsk.