Pun laʻana. Pun ma Lūkini 'ōlelo. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "Pun"

Russian ōlelo mea multifaceted. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ia, e like kalaka nui-nā pōhaku makamae ma ka lā, i kekahi o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o ka mea hiki ke i i "hoʻoikaika" ka hou, unexpected malu o ka manaʻo. Kekahi o ka palapala, ai 'mea, hiki e hoike aku i ka richness o ka' ōlelo, i konaʻike hoʻokumu, o ka Pun. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o keia hana hoihoi a me ka hanana kŰia e e kakaʻikahi i loko o kēia 'atikala.

etymology

Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "Pun" no ke kumu nui hoopaapaa. Aia i kekahi mau koho no ka inoa o kēia manaʻo: calembourg, calambour. Ua ua paha loko mai o ka German hua'ōlelo Kalauer, i ke kumu o ka i kekahi ke hoala mai ia wa iho. Aia nō kekahi mau mōʻaukala Ka Honua Nei, a ua pili i ka hua'ōlelo "Pun" me keʻano o ka mōʻaukala realities a me personalities:

• E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia Kalemberge kahi noho o Weigand av Teben kahu hipa, kaulana no kona'ōleloʻano he'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka.
• E like me kekahi kumumanaʻo, i ka inoa hope helu Kalanbera (Kalemberga), ka mea i noho i ka noho alii ana o Louis XIV ma Paris ka palapala, ai 'ana i kūpono.
• Aia ka hoi speculation i ka hoailona "Pun" hele hoʻi i ka 'aoʻao o Italia «calamo burlare», a' o ia hoʻi "'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka peni."

ka wehewehena

Pun - he palapala, ai 'ka manaʻo, ka hoʻolako' puke kātuna hopena. Ua Ua loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i loko o ka ia pōʻaiapili:

• heʻano o nā manaʻo o ka olelo, e like me: Nā'Ōlelo mea mana loa, akā, ka mea a pau i ka manawa mea,ʻaʻole lawa no ka mea ma luna o kona mau lole wāwae. (Malkin);
• like me kani nä hopuna a me nā'ōlelo e i okoa manaʻo, e like me: hoʻokahi haneri makahiki, e ulu / iā mākou me ka makahiki (Mayakovsky).

Kēia ho'ākāka 'ana pono kekahi clarification.

Mua, i kekahi manawa ia i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kani, a ma luna o ka semantic koke o ka hua'ōlelo Pun. An hana o ka hopuna'ōlelo invented e A. Knyshevym: "mea a pau i loko o ka hale i aihueia, a hiki i ka lewa kekahi stale".

ʻO ka lua, keia iaoia 'aʻole e mau ana paha o ka puke kātuna hopena. I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia e hana i kekahi satirical a me ka lono kaumaha ana i nā pōpō kikokikona. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Pun ma Lūkini ōlelo, haku me ka like manao:

Hana mai oe

Not mai ke anu aoa

Together i loko o ka dugout?

A mai haule mai ka exhaustion?

Mākou i i moe pono hanaiia ma ka mehana haule? (Khlebnikov).

paha:

Aʻu i manao iho la oia ua i ka hoa,

He wale abject oia (N. Glazkov).

caesura moʻomeheu

Pun i na manawa a pau ua hoʻohana 'ia e holo alaʻokoʻa i ka na censorship a me ka hoike manaʻo i mea pololei i papaia. Aia mau eha ke ano o ka pono o ka palapala, ai? Eaia.

1. Pun manao ambiguity. I kekahi manawa, i kekahi o kēia mau manaʻo mea obscene. Ka mea kākau aptly kau ia, e like me ka mea i hūnāʻia ma hope o ingenious pu ana o ka olelo, i ka i ana: "? A kahi au kēia mea kā mākou 'ōlelo ua no laila, ua hoʻokōʻia"
2. Cautionary māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana mai o ka ano ma hope o ka 18th kenekulia. E hūnā au i ka didactic leo, kēia manawa ka pinepine hoʻohana he kūoʻo olelo. A 'aneʻi ka invaluable kōkua hoakaka Pun. An kumu o ka'ōleloʻano a me ka instructive hopuna'ōlelo hiki ke malama i ka hua'ōlelo invented e N. Glazkov: Criminals i hiki aku ai i ka pono, akā, Eia naʻe, i ka malihini. Old kauoha "Mai aihue oe" 'aneʻi i kaila'ōpala.
3. I kekahi manawa, he AICIeOEOI quibble ea paha, niho o nā kamaliʻi ka oiaio. No ka laʻana, ma ke kahiko oʻApelila, invented i loko o ke au o ka stagnation, he hou i kūpaluʻia ka manaʻo i ka huakaʻi i ke kai kanaka eia paha kaʻole ma mua i loko o ka USSR. People e ku ana ma ka lālani, ka haole ua hoihoi i ka mea e kuai ana. 'Ī akula lākou iā ia: "kamaa kiola". Ma hope o akahele noonoo ana o ka waiwai, he noho ana o ka mea 'ē aʻe'āina e like: "mākou i kekahi i kāpaeʻia."
4. Ke kahe mua mai i ka palapala, ai 'mea hiki i kekahi manawa e ka malihini, i kekahi manawa absurd manaʻo: Dawn e like me ka haumāna maikai; ia ua hana i kela kakahiaka ( "Satyricon" Magazine).

ano o Pun

Ke kumu Pun mau wahaheʻe "pāʻani ma huaolelo" mea e like ma ka ke kani a me ka manaʻo. He Logical e puunaue i nā kiʻina hana o ka mea i hanaia o keia palapala, ai 'mea i loko o nui pūʻulu ekolu e like me ke ano o ka semantic pili ma waena o ia ' ōlelo huahelu. Conventionally, ka mea hiki ke kapaia "hoalauna", "ka Approach" a me ka " 'ohana."

1. "Hoalauna". Ka mea kākau Ke kaupalena i ka maʻamau summation loina leokanipū hua'ōlelo. Kēia hana i ka loa "primitive" Pun. D. Minaev ka Verses mea he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi: Ma ka Picnic ma lalo o ka malu o ka spruce / inu oi aku ai mākou.
2. "Approach". Words a me ka 'aoʻao i loko o ia mau Pun pilikia i loko o ka Polar kona manaʻo: au aʻo pono i ka manao o ka noho pu ana e aʻu i popped i loko o ka iwi aoao (Vladimir Vysotsky). Ke suddenness me a me ka i, e 'ike i ka palapala ano o ke ea paha e hoʻolako i ka mea nui puke kātuna ia: He aloha, a ae aku. He aloha ke kālā, a ua make ia, mai ko lakou nele o (Petrov, I. Ilf).
3. "Family". Kēiaʻano o ka palapala, ai 'mea e hiehie i nā hiʻona o ka mea ma luna o nā pūʻulu. Eia, i ka manaʻo o nā hua'ōlelo ho opa ao collide, akā, i ka lua, i hūnāʻiaʻano, 'aʻole i ana i ka mua. Lūkini Pun e pili ana i kēia 'ano, ua loa like. No kekahi laʻana: I hewa map oe ke lele mai ka hana (Krotkiy Emil); Mākou i loaa mai i ka wahi a me nā mea kūʻai mai ia lakou iho (Ad. "Satyricon" Magazine).

ʻano papa hana o ka 'ana

E ho'āʻo e kālailai i ka waiwai o ka malu o ka manaʻo Hawaiʻi Pun - hana paʻakikī, akā, loa hana hoihoi. E ka lawe i ka loa mea hoʻohālike. Ka hopuna'ōlelo: "Ua Ua pii e like me ka hipa, a me ke kino" no e Emil mehana. Ike ia, he kanaka mua akamai me ka oluolu ke ku e ana o lalo o "ka puke kātuna kŰia" mai ka hoʻohui o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o kekahi olelo, "pii" a me ka "ulu ana." A laila, ua ike no ia i ka lua o ka hoailona, e like me ka mua, ho i ke kulana lauoho, a me ka loa haahaa nui o ka manao i loko o ka poeʻahahui. Ma ka hopena, i ke kanaka i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ke kanaka naau ua discredited, a me ka makemake ia Kahalaopuna, mai ka mea i hana ole i keia drawback.

Pun a me homonyms

Nō kāu, homonyms, oa hua'ōlelo like ma ka kani akā, okoa i ka manaʻo, e kākaʻikahi i loaʻa i loko o ka ia pōʻaiapili. Pun - mea i kumu hoohalike no ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kēia'ōlelo kŰia i loko o ka hoʻokahi olelo. Aptly Shcherbina i loko o kēia palapala, ai 'lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe homonyms "Ekahi ko lakou mau poo" a me ka manawa a kahaha no i ke ano, "lanakila". Ka Pun - "ea paha" i ka paio o loa hana hoihoi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kekahi o nā manaʻo hōʻike loa pepehi i ka 'ē aʻe. No kekahi laʻana: kaʻa ... ohi ia i loko o ke eke, a lawe nā kanaka i (Zhvanetskiy Michael). A i 'ole: Cadres hooholo na mea a pau, akā, me mākou (Malkin Gennady).

Kind o homonyms, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Pun

Ka sparkling "hula o ka hua'ōlelo" hoʻohana i kekahiʻano o nā 'ano o nā homonyms.

Piha o homonyms. Inā lākou hoʻohana Ua pinepine loa'ōleloʻano Pun. Laʻana: me ka haa ana - keia mea i ke kū'ē ma waena o nā sexes elua o ke kolu.

Homophones ('ōlelo i hoʻokani i ka ia akā, i ka pela okoa). I kekahi o ka lyceum epigrams loaʻa kēia mau laina: a pau e olelo aku nei: Ua o Walter Scott / au, he haku mele,ʻaʻole he hookamani: / au ae, oia wale holoholona / Akā,ʻo ia Valter Skott - mai i manaoio.

Homographs ('ōlelo a me ka ia pela akā, kekahi kākauʻana). No kekahi laʻana:

Aole hiki ia i

Ike loea adhesions,

I lōʻihi e like me ka mea, ua

Soldering a me ka brazing (Orlov).

Omoformy (olelo i coincide wale i loko o kekahi mau 'ano apau loa). Oia na hihia i loa, he pono ole i loko oʻApelila ia: o ka waha o o ka puka makani. Stirlitz pana aku la ia. Ka waha o nalowale (i ka hua'ōlelo "puupuu" a me ka "pahu").

Homonymy nä hopuna. No kekahi laʻana: Field rhymes - koʻu hehee ai, / A oluolu ke kākau poetry au (Dmitry Minaev).

olelo pāpana

Ke ambiguity o nā hua'ōlelo i hoʻohana ma o ka Pun hiki ho okumu ana i awkward wahi, i hiki. He mea känalua 'i ka i ana i kekahi manawa, puʻe wale akula kēlā, e mihi kēia no ka involuntary Pun. Ka wā he mea 'ole, "i ka hula ma huaolelo," he mau.

1. I kekahi manawa ka mea, i ua hoʻopili i na ano kanaka o ka interlocutor. E hoolaulea i haawi uma manawalea ana mai iaʻu, he maka no ka maka, a me ka oopa ia i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka ike, oia mea oopa, loa tactless e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai. Aia ka he pōʻino Pun. Hoʻomakeʻaka e pili ana i ka mea e hoohihia mai i ka lohe.
2. Ua hana ia i ka pōʻino, a kūpono 'Pun kupu mai ke ano o ke kulana, kona hana keaka a me ka pōʻino. No ka laʻana, ka hopuna'ōlelo "ke ÷ la i loko o'Ararata walawala ai nā mea a pau Soviet kanaka" i keia mea hoino.

Unconscious Pun ma na hana

I kekahi manawa,'ākilikai nā 'aoʻao o ke e hookapu ma muli i ka hanana o insidious ambiguity. Awkward kulana home 'ole e ho okumu ana i unconscious Pun. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka moʻokalaleo paipai ia. Kruchenykh, no ka laʻana, ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka hopuna'ōlelo, "A i kou aina i kaumaha ma ka anu u" (Bruce) nalowale a pau kona hana keaka, mai ka mea i ka mea i lohe i ka olelo "hoki".

I Nabokov ka puke "Ka Gift" Konstantin (haku mele) hoowahawaha mai laina'ōlapa ai i loko o koʻu poo: ", no ka makana maʻemaʻe a me ka'ēheu" E like me ia, i ka 'ona pū' "eheu" a me ka "kapa kila", involuntarily e hoolohe i keia hoʻopaʻi, pili '. 'O kēia ka irrepressible scruples o kekahi connoisseurs o ka Lūkini' ōlelo.

Palapala a me ka maʻiʻo

E kamailio pu ana, e hoʻokō i kekahi 'ōlelo koi. Kekahi o ia mau mea - i ka palapala a me ka maʻiʻo. People manaʻo i e e kau ma luna o kekahi mau manaʻo i loko o kekahi'ōlelo palapala. Ia mea ke kumu o ka ambiguity o nā hua'ōlelo a me nä hopuna i loko o ka naʻau kanaka i ka mea paradoxical ia, a huli ia ia ia i loko o ka palapala o ke kupaianaha imi naʻauao hihiu. No ka laʻana, e olelo ana i mau Kauikeaouli i hoʻololi iki i loko o ka hoailona loa paha ka nānaina kona kikokikona manaʻo. Word-Pun keia manawa, hoomau hiʻona. Eia nō kekahi o lākou: he kia hoʻomanaʻo e paionia a pervoopechatniku Kapaau (I. Ilf); Kapena a me schnapps-luna (Anton Chekhov). Mau ho okolohua e Māhū ninau i, ka 'aoʻao loa hou malu o ka manaʻo.

ke alakaʻi i kākau

Pun ma Russian 'ōlelo ua pinepine hoʻohana' ia no ka ho okumu i kekahi satirical a me ka puke kātuna hopena. Ike haku o keia akamai i manaoia Dmitry Minaev (19th kenekulia) a Emil akahai (Soviet au). Mawaena o ka mea hope, aia no na Pun oiaio masterpieces. No ka laʻana, i loko o kekahi o ia oia Radio tautology kahiko Lūkini nane: "Knowledge mea malamalama, naaupo - pouli '. Ma kekahi aptly wehewehe narcissism e moe ana ma megalomania, kekahi palapala, ai 'na kii: ", ka haku mele familiarly patting ka Caucasus i loko o kona spine" Ke kolu o ka irony e pili ana i ka moku'āina ma i kanaka i loaʻa iā lākou iho ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea mua mahana na kukuna o ka la: "Hao ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi e lawe mai i ka manao hau - aʻo ia ka hoʻomaka '.". An ike aku i ka Haku o ka Pun noʻonoʻo Kozma Prutkov. Kona'ōleloʻano aphorisms nō hou a me ka pili: "E hiki e paa i loko o ko lākou mau lima i ka'ōpū ma mua o ka opu."

I ka moolelo o Lūkini Pun

Play ma hua'ōlelo i ole ia he rarity i kahiko Rus. I ka palapala ohi o Lūkini akamai, hana ma ka 18th kenekulia P. Simone, loaʻa nō kekahi mau Pun. Eia kekahi o ia: "E inu Fili,ʻo Fil hookahi kui."

Kaila i kēia palapala, ai 'mea i hana ia ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia. No ka laʻana, he poe lehulehu loa i ke kanaka noiʻi i nā Pun a me he'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka e pili ana i ihu ma Rusia i keia manawa VV Vinogradov ma "naturalistic grotesque," wahi a "nosologicheskoy" moʻokalaleo. A, i ka hōʻike "e waiho ana me ka ihu", "alakaʻi ma ka ihu", "kau i kona ihu" ua 'Imi hoʻohana' ia i loko o kā mākou mau lā.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Pun ma Russian hōʻike 'ana i ka mea iʻano poʻomanaʻo richness a me ka' ano. An nui kona wahi ku ai i loko o Chekhov ka hana, Burenina, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Leskov, Pushkin.

Loea comedians uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka "kala, Makahiki o Lūkini moʻokalaleo." Ka puke pai "Satyricon" - Taffy, Orsher, uwahi, Averchenko - pinepine hoʻohana wordplay e hana i kekahi puke kātuna ia i loko o kā lākou mau hana.

Ma hope o ka kipi, i kēia palapala, ai 'mea i loaʻa i loko o Zakhoderʻike hoʻokumu Vysotsky Knysheva, Mayakovsky, akahai, Glazkov, Krivine, Ilf, Petrov a me kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo. Eia hou, loa invented Ka Honua Nei pihaʻi me "punning hū."

'ōleloʻano a me ka loea Pun mea hiki ke ku i ka nui-me ka unahiʻole philosophical generalizations a me kanaka noonoo ma ke ano o ke ola e. Ke ano o keia palapala, ai 'mea - he maoli nō e aʻo i ka ia i ka loa a me ka pono e hoʻokipa aku a pau.