Red hehi ole o nā bipi:ʻano, kiʻi, o ka oi aku o ka? Aneii

Red hehi ole haleʻuwī waiū bipi ala e hiki aku ua hoakakaia e like me kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka mua Soviet Union. Style e lea hakuloli i ka huliau maloo o ka hehi ciia. E like me ka helu ana o na holoholona ole i loko o ke ao nei, a me ka lua o ka hapaha i loko o ka mokuna o Ukraine a me Rusia. Bipi o keia ole hiki ke loaʻa i loko o Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, aneea oneiaey, Moldova, ka Caucasus.

moʻolelo

? Aneii mōʻaukala nā lā hoʻi i ka 18th kenekulia nae. Oiai ka nui nui steppes ke mauu nei holoholona e e loa Hardy a, akā, me ka haahaa productivity. Geographically - o ka hema wahi o Ukraine, nui kaʻoi loa, ka Zaporozhye wahi. He symbolic i kēia ole i hānauʻia ma luna o nā kapa o ka muliwai o ka waiu.

E hoomahuahua i na e haawi i ko koi 'ia hoʻolei-koko kiʻekiʻe i haawi pio iki holoholona. Red hehi ole bipi (Hawaii photo i loko o ka kikokikona) ka controversial kumu. Mau loea, ua lōkahi i loko o hoʻokahi wale - i loko o ka hanaia komo ecdemic holoholona. Aia i kekahi mau theories e pili ana i ka ho omaka ana:

• hana i pili, a hapa 'ia' o ke kemu keʻa reproductive Great Ukrainian a me ka luaipele? ueony (nā kūloko) me kaʻulaʻula Kelemānia holoholona;
• mea he kūloko maoli ole, a i hana 150 makahiki aku nei, a Pani 'ōlelo' "ula kolonistskoy" a me "German Red", ka inoa, ua loaa mai i kona - na ona o Kelemānia colonists;
• ia mea he keʻa ma waena o ka holoholona a me ka Hawaiian Franconian;
• ia mea he keʻa ma waena o ka mea'ē aʻe holoholona - a tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• i ka luna 'interbreeding kūloko oho Ukrainian holoholona me kaʻulaʻula ostfrizslyandskoy mua, a laila, i kekahi me ka angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy a me kekahi'ē aʻe' Eulopa breeds.

Ke kūpono 19th kenekulia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻouka i lawa homogeneous heluna nāu kekahi "ka". Kamakawiwo Ole i kakau i ka 1923, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e mahuahua ma ka? Aneii aina o ka mua USSR. Red hehi ole o nā holoholona i loko o aneea oneiaey, Ukraine, Rusia, Belarus, i ka helu o ka holoholona, aole e haule iho ma lalo kolu o ka wahi.

? aneii

Creation a me ka hou 'ana o breeds o ka hana hana. Ua Ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i kaiapili-papa hana o ka moku'āina, a me ka hookani mōʻaukala kūlana ano nui i. Mea i koe, a heʻulaʻula, hehi holoholona ole. No? Aneii i ka wā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ua like penei:

• Ua kohoʻia no ka waiū? iecaianoaaiiuo;
• pono wae holoholona ma ke Kumukanawai, kai;
• ma hope o ka hanau ana o ke keiki bipi koke i laweʻia aku, a razdaivali bipi me ke keiki kao;
• noho Ua hoomauia o ka pili loulou ma waena o productivity a me ka hoopii (ka mea i manaʻo i nā bipi ulaula a me ka ulaula-ʻeleʻele ke kala e haawi nui e haawi i ko), a me ka wae bipi wahine, a hiki i keia manawa.

Ka hopena o ka lōʻihi (oi ma mua o 100 makahiki) ke kohoʻana i kekahi climatic rula i Ua i ka mea i hanaia ole pūʻulu hehi Hardy a haleʻuwī waiū bipiʻulaʻula hoopii me ke ano paia waho, a me ka productivity kŘpa a kiʻekiʻe.

Mass mechanization milking keʻano o ka hanaʻana koi 'ia i ka hoʻoikaika' ana i na holoholona, e like me nā ana hoʻohālike o ka udder ke kinona, a māhuahua ka waiū hua. Ma na 60s o ka iwakalua kenekulia ula hehi bipi i uhi bipi Angler. Ke koho ana o kēia mau holoholona mea ole accidental:

• Mua, i nā pōhaku i ohana aaiaoe?;
• ka lua, i kekahi likeʻano o ka pūnao;
• a me ke kolu, ka mea, i na e like me mamua o ka productivity;
• i loko o ka ha, angler kanaka i kiʻekiʻe ka waiū, he nui pakeneka o ka momona ka maʻiʻo ma ka waiū, nui kino ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka hapanui importantly - maikaʻi hakuloli i ka mīkini milking.

I ka wā e hiki mai, pōhaku lawe nou ana la o-Denemaka koko. I ka 90 o ka ekolu-lākou kūʻauhau hybrids i haawi i ko o i ka eha a me ka hapalua tausani nā lika o ka waiu a me ka maʻiʻo momona o 3,82%. Aʻole ka hope kūlana ma ke kahua o ka i keia la ka helehelena o na holoholona hoʻokani Holsteins. Kēlā me kēia ole ua haʻalele kona mark:

• Red hehi holoholona - ke ahonui a me ka adaptability i na olelo o ka paehumu;
• Angler - adaptability o ka udder, a me ka pakeneka kiʻekiʻe o ka momona maʻiʻo;
• "Danes" - ka lōʻihi-kū hoʻohana a me ka kiʻekiʻe e haawi i ko;
• Holsteins - he nui kino kaumaha, iaono? Ienoai udder shape hakuloli i ka mīkini milking.

hiʻona

I ka lā, i nā holoholona ma waena o ka maikaʻi i loko o Ukraine, Rusia a me aneea oneiaey. He aha ka ka Red hehi ole bipi? Ka makamake nui:

• piha iho i loko o ka 18-19 kenekulia i loko o ka Ukraine;
• productivityʻano - waiu;
• i maloo kino, ikaika kumukānāwai;
• bipi ola kaumaha - 900 kg, bipi - 400-500 kg;
• kaupaona ana o ka bipi i hanau: ua bipi wahine lā - 27-30 kg, bipi - 35-40 kg;
• awelike hua o ka pohaku - 3 500-4 000 kg (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), a me ka maʻiʻo momona o 3.5%;
• aneiai ana - 4,74 lactation;
• ea i? aneii makahiki chicks i 18 mahina, me ke kaupaona ola o 320-350 kg.

productivity

Red hehi ole holoholona no ka waiu hua ua noʻonoʻo pono. Ua breeds awelike waiu hua papa koa, mai 3500 a hiki i 4000 kg o ka waiu. ? Aneii aina i kiekie ae holo 'awelika: ia mea e pono ma luna o ka awelika, mai 4000 a hiki i 5000 kg, rekordistki hiki ke haawi mai i ka umikumamalua tausani nā lika o ka waiū, i ka momona maʻiʻo hiki e mai i ka 5%.

E haawi i ko hilinaʻi ma ka pono o ka hipa a me ka lōʻihi o kaʻai kau. Ka maikai hualoaʻa hiki e loaʻa ai i loko o ka hehi ciia. Style momona no ka makahiki ekolu ma ka hookahi wahine hiki ke kiʻiʻehā keiki kakou nana. Ka mokuāhana ma waena o calving mea he uuku oi ma mua o ka makahiki (380 lā). E pale aku i ke kāhea mai ua bipi wahine lā 40 a hiki i 60 mau lā.

Ai ka pono o ka ole, he haʻahaʻa, luku hua 'aʻole i oi aku mamua o 50%. I ka hoʻomāka fattening bipi inideka mahuahua ai hua, akā, nui iki. Iwi holoholona Lightweight, me poorly ulu nāʻiʻo. E ulu ai o ka bipi mea,ʻaʻole hoʻokele waiwai waiwai.

paia waho

Typical mawaho helehelena ano o ka haleʻuwī waiū holoholona he ulaula hehi ole bipi. Description o ka paia waho:

• mae kiʻekiʻe - 127-132 knm;
• umauma Beritania -183-190 knm;
• kēlā loa - 154-160 knm;
• metacarpus - 18-19 knm;
• kala like 'ole, mai kukui ulaula i ka pouli kamako iki, keʻokeʻo kaʻaʻai kahakai' ana;
• nāʻiʻo i underdeveloped;
• kino angular, elongated;
• maloo'ā'ī, ololi;
• poo malamalama, iki elongated;
• ke kua Ua lōʻihi a me ka laumania;
• wawae ikaika, maloo;
• umauma ololi, hohonu;
• udder meakino-pepa paia glandular.

mālama

Red hehi ole bipi mea okoa ruggedness a me ka kokololio ka hoʻololiʻana i? Aneie ana. Style:

• Year au. Ka pono koho - noaʻai i loko o nā kula. Location - i loko o 2 kilomika mai o ka aina. Ka mea, i lako pono me canopies a me ka hooinu ai. Pinepine hoÿomaÿamaÿa ke kauwela i hoomoanaʻi, a me ka milking wahi.
• Winter-kupaluia au. Animals i mālama i loko o stanchion hale papaʻa a moe kolohe hale noho. Nā kūlana Pono e hoʻokō me ka zoogigieny.
• E hanai ana oia. Ke kula koi 'ia e ike i ka mea i na holoholona i lawa ai, ina he pono, hānai kumu meakanu a me ka holoholona hānai. Winter ration kumu - mauʻu, hānai ua hou, o ka mauʻu hoʻohana ma ka silage (i hou aku 25% o kaʻai), aa, a me ka pono nā mea pōhaku kumukanawai a me juicy i ai.
• Kāohiʻana o ka maʻi. Vaccination ku e infectious maʻi.
• Malama. Kekahi manawa i wehe ua hoʻohaumiaʻia holoholona hulu hipa, i kela milking udder holoi leʻa ma muaʻai au i hana pahi pepeiaohao a me hooves.

hiʻona

Nā holoholona o keia ole, a no ka iloko o ka farmsteads i loko o ka mua Soviet a puni. He oi loa mahalo i loko o ka hehi cii o Ukraine, a aneea oneiaey i loko o ka Hawaiian, hema Rusia. Red hehi ole bipi (hōʻike manaʻo o nā nona e lohe no ka mea,) ua nui Hardy a me ka pono hakuloli i kekahi climatic ana. Maluhia tolerate maloo ke kau a me ka wela.

Ua kuapo i nā 'ano o ka ole:

• ikaika e hoʻonele hoola holoholona, mai ka laau hahau o ka haleʻuwī waiū mahiʻai - leukemia;
• kokololio aeeeeiaoecaoee;
• ke akahai o ka maʻiʻo;
• maikaʻi ke ahonui;
• Good responsiveness ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi hale a me ka ai ana;
• kiʻekiʻe'aiaola a me ka hoao ana o ka waiu.

Mai na inoa o ka wa kahiko, na keia la i loko o ka pōhaku, e hiki ai ke mālama i ka degere o ka hiʻona o ka ole: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, West Siberian, kulundayskoe (Hawaiian).

buke

Ma wale i kekahi mau na umi-rekordistok bipi i kakau hope hapa-kenekulia me na nā hoailona:

• no lactation no 10 000 kg -14 pahu hopu;
• 9000-9999 kg no lactation - 32 poo.

Waiu momona maʻiʻo mea ole emi o 3,69%. Ke bulk o na mea kanu holoholona? Aneii i mahiʻia i loko o Ukraine, a aneea oneiaey. Not uncommon no kaʻohana bipi a me na bipi wahine waiū hua kiʻekiʻe o 6000 kg. Red hehi bipi ole hoʻolaha kupaianaha rekordistkami:

• Ino 6070:

- hua - 10 170 kg;

- momona maʻiʻo - 4.0%;

- ka Mahiai - aina "Proletarian kinai", ka Zaporozhye wahi, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- hua - 10 497 kg;

- momona maʻiʻo - 4,05%;

- ka Mahiai - Plant? Aneii. Kirov, Kherson māhele 'āina, Ukraine.

• 1910 Noi:

- hua - 11 i 100 kg;

- momona maʻiʻo - 4,02%;

- mahi -? Aneii kanu "North-Lubinsky", Omsk nui māhele'āina, Rusia.

• Cloudberries 201:

- hua -12.426 kg;

- momona maʻiʻo - 3,82%;

- ka Mahiai - Plant? Aneii "Karaganda", Karaganda māhele 'āina, aneea oneiaey.