Russian kiʻi pena a me kā lākou mau hana

Russian kiʻi penaʻikeʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 14th kenekulia AD. Masters o ka palaki i ka manawa me ka i kaupalena 'dala, no laila, pinepine io i ka stylization. Ua hiki ole ke kapaia surrealism, akā, i nā kiʻi, e oiaio no e ae mai i ka nele i ka noonoo ana i ka au mamuli. Hope Russian kiʻi pena a me kā lākou hana i ua refocused ma luna o ke kakau ana o ka ekalesia. Pena o ke 'ano kapu o ka pena paia a me nā kaupaku o na ekalesia a me cathedrals.

Koke kiʻi nō

Russian kiʻi pena a me kā lākou i pena i kā lākou mau kiʻiona hiʻona, ka mea, ua ua ike - kēlā artist Hahai I kona kaila iho o ka hana, ma ka hou, oia i koʻi kaua ma ka oihana kahuna a me nā hoahānau o.

Ka brightest 'elele o ka manawa - Andrei Rublev (1370-1428), ka mea i haʻalele i ka imperishable hana: "Kristo Pantocrator", "luna'ānela Michael", "Trinity", "St. Paul" a me nā masterpieces o ikona pena.

Rublev ua he Contemporary o ke kaulana ikona pena Feofan Grek (1340-1410). No ka lōʻihi manawa e hana pu. Ma na 90s o ka 14th kenekulia Artists pena i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka Annunciation. I ka hana 'ole a me nā Lūkini kiʻi pena. I ka nui o ka hana i Ua he nui. Major icons Deesis pae kakau iho la Feofan Grek, he "kaula" a me ka luna o ka "forefather" moʻo pena e Andeya Rubleva. Credible hoike e paipai i ka mea i kākauʻia e ka stigma o ka lalo lalani o ka nui icons,ʻaʻohe, akā, i ka lima o ka loea ikona pena, ike, a ma kēia mau hana a pau.

I haku o ka portraiture

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 14th kenekulia, aila unuhi 'ana i kūpono i hou i kekahi mau mea ma muli o ia i keʻano tonkotertyh pena.

Russian kiʻi pena o hope manawa:

• Dionisiy (1440-1502), ke alii punahele Ivan III. Ka mō'ī hoʻohana, e kauoha aku i ka artist pena kekahi o ka luakini, a laila, ma ke kamepiula kipa i ka ikona pena, a nānā i ka hana.
• Alexey Zubov (1682-1750) - ka nui haku o Lūkini engraving no o ka hoopilikia ana o Petero i ka First. He hana pu ia me kona makua kāne, he poʻokela ikona pena Fedorom Zubovym. Together ka mea, pena i ka Halepaikau keena o ka Moscow Kremlin.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) - Russian pena, kekahi o ka mua Lūkini haku o ka portraiture, hoʻonaʻauaoʻia maʻEulopa. He mea i loko o ka kūikawā wahi i loko o ka Petero ka Nui. Ka hana kaulana loa o ka artist - kiʻi o Polish King August II a me ke Duke o Mecklenburg.

Russian kiʻi pena o ka 18th kenekulia

Ke Kumu palaki i hala iho nei kenekulia, e like me ka rula, hana ma ka ekalesia pena. Naʻe, ka mea 18th kenekulia i ka manawa o ka hanau ana o ke kiʻiʻoe i loko o konaʻoe i palapala, i ka wa a ka pena Hōʻike 'ma canvas kiʻi o kekahi kanaka. Lūkini kiʻi pena ma ia manawa e paa ana i ke kula panina o ka palaoa kilokilo, pili i kūlike loa nā'ōlelo o ka oi au mamuli. Ma portraiture, i kēiaʻano hana o ka oi ia hana i haawi ai i ka Hooko - e loaʻa ai ia i kiʻi, no laila, i ka mea i hānau i nāʻano o ka oe mika, a ua i ka loa nui. Ke hana manao e e loa ai laborious a kuleana. Aka kaulana Lūkini kiʻi pena pono Makuakane me ia. Kauoha ua oi ma mua o lawa, o ka pau 'aha hoʻokolokolo ano hanohano, a me nā lālā o ka kālepa kauä kuapaʻa vying Komikina'Āina kiʻi o ka ona a me kona' ohana.

Waiwai kanaka he makemake ko e kono aku pena i kona hale, e like me ia ma keia hihia, no ka ohana holoʻokoʻa ke kiai i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka mea, ua manaoia maikai palapala. Russian kiʻi pena hoʻohana e noho i ka waiwai ola, no laila, e ho'āʻo i ka lawe i na kauoha i hiki. Inā ma ka hopena o ka hana poʻo o kaʻohana kiʻi e like lala a pau o ka hale, i ka artist loaa ka kekahi mea i loko o ka hale hookahi. Penei, ka Lūkini kiʻi pena He ua i koi ma kiʻekiʻe ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka i noho me ka hana. Ka loaʻana Artists i kono i ke keʻena aliʻi e hana noho pilikia paha.

Ke heyday o portraiture

A hiki i ke akamai o ka pena, ka wā o ka pakebona, ma Rusia he nui na loea Artists.

Russian kiʻi pena o ka 18th kenekulia.

• Antropov Alexei (1716-1795) - he kaulana Lūkini kiʻi pena, komo i loko o ka mea hoʻonani o ka Winter Palace i ka 1744-ka m, a Tsarskoye Selo i ka 1749. Lalo o ke alakaʻi, nā Artists pena i ka St. Andrew ka Church ma Kiev. Mai ka 1761 Ua hoʻokomo 'ia' Antropov i Orthodox Synod like me ka poe luna maluna o lakou iconic hana. Ma ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini oe artist i hele mai me ka loea portraitist Petero ka manawa.
• Borovikovskiy Vladimir (1757-1825) Ua hānau i loko o Mirgorod. He lilo kaulana ma hope o ka halawai ana me Ana II, ka poe i hoopuehu i ka Crimea i ka 1787. Ke artist Ua pena kekahi o nā hale aliʻi ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Empress, a me ka mea i ike. Ana kāheaʻia kona mahalo a me Borovykovs'kogo i hookoia ke kālā, aʻo ia ma hope, hele akula i St. Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alex (1780-1847) - Russian artist, i hoʻokumu o ka'āina i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o portraiture. He uaʻikeʻia no kāna hana "Makuahine o Mother", i kākau 'ia ma 1801. He aʻo i ke akamai o ka pena, mai ka artist Borovikovsky.
• Kiprensky Orest (1782-1836) - he poʻokela artist i Debut i ka 1804 me ka kiʻi o A. K. Valbe, i i kākau i loko o ke kaila o Rembrandt. Famous hana "EV Davydov", kukulu ai i ka 1809, ua hoʻoikaika ka inoa maikaʻi o ka artist. He nui canvases Kiprensky mālama i loko o ka Tretyakov Gallery.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - Russian artist, ka mea i lilo kaulana ma hope o ka kiʻi LIKE Pushkin Komikina'Āina ma ka haku mele iā ia iho. Ke pena Ua manao no S. A. Sobolevskogo, he hoa o Alexander. Kiʻi lilo i Classic kiʻi o ka haku mele nui o nā mea a pau manawa.

Kiʻiʻoe i loko o ka 19th kenekulia

Russian kiʻi pena o ka 19th kenekulia - o ka pae o ka loea Artists ka poe i huli ai i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o ke kanaka helehelena kiʻi. Ka loa kaulana o ia:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - he follower o ka kālaiʻike kaila i loko o ke akamai, mōʻaukala kiʻi. He aʻo pena ma ka Dresden nō kiʻekiʻe ke kula. I ka 1826 ua neʻeʻo ia i St. Petersburg, i kona wahi i lilo koke kaulana ma kākau i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi o kaulana kanaka. Ma ka 1837th hele aku au ma luna o ka hele loa ma Rusia, e kiʻi ike me ka poʻe hinterland a me ke ola ana o ka na kanaka. Ma hope hoʻi akula pena i ka ekalesia o ke Winter Palace, ka mea kaulana "hope iho o ka aina" au i waena o kēia mau hana. He loaa i ka professorship no ka pena o St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui, i ka mea ia manawa i ka malama ana o kaʻeleʻele, oe Gallery.
• Zaharov Petr (1816-1846) - Russian kiʻi pena me ka pilikia hopena. Makahiki-kahiko keiki i loaʻa haalele i loko o ka Chechen kauhale o Dadi-o niaie ??. Russian General Yermolov i ke keiki i loko o ka malama hanai. Ka lōkahi o ka hiki e huki i kona aponoia keiki, alaila, haawi mai iki Petya aʻo i ke kiʻi pena Lvu Volkovu. I ka 1836 Zakharov puka 'o ia mai ka papa ma ka Academy o Arts, a loaa ka inoa o ka noa artist.
• kakau iho la Lūkini pena, no ka lōʻihi makakū ola nui i pena - Makarov Ivan (1822-1897). Kana mau hana, a me nā kiʻi, a me ka ia i kekahi manawa, i loko o ka Tretyakov Gallery, ka Russian Museum, ka Halau o Nice Arts a me ka exhibition keʻena ma Rusia. I ka makahiki 1844, Makarov neʻe i St. Petersburg, kahi āna i lanakila 'o ia i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka Kauhalenui lehulehu.

Pena-portraitist Tyranov

Russian portraitist (1808-1859), i komo i loko o ka hana o ka ikona-pena. I ka 1824, oia halawai me ka artist Venetsianov, ka mea i hōʻike 'i ke keiki i loko o kona mau kula o ka pena, a ia ia i puka' o ia, haawi mai la i kekahi haumāna ma ka Art Academy Tyranova. Ka houʻana o ka uʻi pena ua ulu ana, oia loaa he uuku gula mekala mai ka Academy i ka 1836 ua lilo i ka haumāna ma ka haipule Karl Briullov. No ka mea, o kona hana "Girl me ka tambourine," oia i haawi mai i ka inoa o ka academician. Oiai ma Roma, palapala iho la oia i kona nui i pena: "Girl, kaomi i ka wai mai loko mai o ka lauoho," "Angel me ka oliva lala", "Mother o Mose ma ka muliwai". A laila, ma luna o kona hoi ana i St. Petersburg artist, ka artist waiho wale aku no i ka moʻo o ka maikaʻiʻole nō ia, a lilo i kanaka ilihune. Aʻu i loaʻa olu i loko o ka hale o kona hoahānau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Kashin. Aia Tyranov, a make iho la ma ka makahiki o ka 51 makahiki.

Unmatched? Ieaoa kiʻi

Zaryanko Sergei (1818-1870) - ka poʻokela Lūkini portraitist, kaulana no kona indescribable hula o ka malamalama, a me ka malu ma luna o kona mau canvases. ka artist kaʻano hana ua i'ōlelo ai i ke kipi ao ana o ke kanaka depicted ma ka canvas, me he mea nalowale i loko o ka waiwai o ka malu a me ka nanahe. Total Zaryanko kākau ai e pili ana i ka haneri kiʻi, ka hapanui o ka a i hoʻolaʻa ai i ka Auguseto, me kona ohana, a kiʻekiʻe 'aha hanohano.

I ka haumana o ka haku

Zhodeyko Leonid (1827-1879) - Russian kiʻi-pena, he haumāna o ka Moscow a me St. Petersburg artist Zaryanko Markov haku kumu o ka Halau o Arts. He pena ka hapanui kiʻi o nā wāhine. He loaa i ka inoa o ka academician no ka pena "Girl no ka holoi". He ua i ka papa aku i komo o ka makahiki exhibition, e paʻa ma lalo o ka auspices o ka Halau o Nice Arts o St. Petersburg.

Artist hana keaka kaila

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) - he poʻokela haku o ka portraiture, kahuna murals, ano moʻokalaleo Ke kiʻi. Kākau o ka pena depicting kaulana moʻolelo, Artists, nā mea hana keaka, mawaena o lakou he: L. N. Tolstoy (1883 la), ME Saltykov-Shchedrin (1879 la), I. I. Shishkin (1873 la), S. P. Botkin (1880 la), P. M. Tretyakov (1876 la).

lifelong artist paʻa philosophical a me ka hana keaka subtext i loko o kāna hana, o ka oi aku kekahi 'i loko o ke kiʻi i pena: "Unknown", "NA Nekrasov," "Inconsolable ke kaumaha", i i hanaia i loko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1877 a hiki i 1884. Mau masterpieces mea i loko o ka Tretyakov Gallery.

Noʻeau kiʻi i loko o ka 20th kenekulia

Ka iwakalua kenekulia ua he pilikia wā no Rusia. Pili aupuni upheaval, elua koko kaua haʻalele lākou hoailona ma ka aina o ka ulu ana. Akā, ua ola nō, i loko o ka postwar makahiki i pohala pena, me ke kiʻi. Artists he mau, akā, e pau ka hele i ka kula maikai.

Lūkini Artists o ka 20th kenekulia portraitists:

• Engels Kozlov - Soviet kiʻi pena, i hanauia ma ka 1926, puka 'o ia mai ka Yaroslavl Art School, laila lākou i heluʻia i loko o ka papa o ka pena Repin Leningrad Institute. I ka makahiki 1956, i ka luna a hooku iho la kona puka ia hoʻi "E ola!" He He He lâlâ 'o ka Union o Artists mai 1957. I ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o kaʻike hoʻokumu Kozlov - kiʻi o nā wā.
• Lomakin Oleg - he kiʻi-pena o ka Soviet wā, i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1924. He hana i loko o ka Leningrad nō kula, laila, - i ka All-Russian Halau o Arts. I ka 1942, ua koho 'i loko o ka Red Army, kaua ma Kursk, i i loa eha, a ua kipaku mai i ka poe koa kaua. Kiʻi, pena ma ka artist, hōʻike ma nā nā hōʻike mai 1952.
• Nevelshtein Samuel (1904-1983) - he kiʻi-pena, puka 'o ia VHUTEMAS. Ma no o ka artist o kekahi mau kakini hana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o kaʻike hoʻokumu Nevelshtein, he mau kiʻi o kona wā. Portraitist paʻa elima 'Akelanika nā hōʻike, i paʻa ka mea, i loko o Leningrad, i paʻa i ka mua hōʻike i ka makahiki 1944.
• Oreshnikov Viktor (1904-1987) - Soviet pena a me ka portraitist. People ka Artist o ka Soviet Union, e uwa o elua Stalin waiwai pio:. Ma ka hana o Kīwala'ō kanaka ma luna o piʻi like i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni, a me nā kiʻi o kona wā.
• Shilov Aleksandr - Lūkini kiʻi-pena, hanauia i ka 1943. Mea nana i hana i kū hoʻokahi kiʻi o ka mōʻaukala kohoʻia. 'Imi limahana ma lehulehu ola, he lâlâ' o ka Public Council ma lalo o ka Lūkini Peresidena.

Famous Artists o ke kiʻi 'ano moʻokalaleo

Ua hala aku i eono haneri makahiki mai kaʻikeaʻana o pictorial nō, kekahi mau hanauna o Artists. Ma waho aʻeo i pena ua oleloia, ka mea, he nui no hoi na haku.

ʻO wai lā ka mea, - Russian kiʻi pena? Papa inoa ia i nā moʻolelo ma lalo nei.

18th kenekulia:

• Musikiyskiy Grigoriy Semenovich, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo kiʻi pena.
• Gzel Georg, he Hawaiian pena nana i lōʻihi hana ma Rusia.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, 'aha hoʻokolokolo pena.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist o ka aristocracy.
• Kolokolnikov Mina Lukic, aina artist.
• Matveev Alana Matveyevich 'aha portraitist.

19th kenekulia:

• Ugryumov Grigoriy Ivanovich, ke kua'āina pena.
• Ivanov Alana Ivanovich, hanohano kiʻi-pena.
• Orlovsky, Aleksandr Osipovich artist hanohano.
• Sokolov Peter Fedorovich, portraitist no ka aristocracy.