Business, Hana
SU-47 "Berkut": kiʻi, waiwai. No ke aha la e kokoke ana i ka papahana?
Mokulele e kukulu, o ka oi aku i loko o ka oihana koa poepoe, ua mau uku mākou mau hoʻolohe i - ka lōʻihi o nā palena o ka nui, akā, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe hakakā mokulele i loko o kekahi alanui. ʻO i loko o nā makahiki 90 i kēia kaiaulu i kauoha aku ai i ola. Malia paha kekahi hoʻomanaʻo i ka lanakila ano o ka C-37, i hope hoʻomohala i loko o ka SU-47 "Berkut". Ke kanawai o kona helehelena i Ua 'Amelika, me ka hou' ike loea i ka ua kena ae la hiki ole hoihoi i loko,ʻaʻole wale nō mākou aupuni akā, i kahi e. No ke aha la i keia hana?
XIX. 'Ike ma luna o ka polokalamu
Ka mea i ka pelane ua o Laielohelohe nā hualoaʻa a noonoo no ka mea, o ka mea mua-kahiliia mau'ēheu. Pīhoihoi ua ia ia a hiki wale i keia la ka kūkākūkā o ka papahana pak fa i mau hanana mai i hiki. All poe akamai i wānana i ka pīhoihoi hou? Acaeoey wā e hiki mai, a kahaha ka wā e ka SU-47 i loko o ka puali koa "Berkut". No ke aha la pani ia i ka papahana ina pela kupanaha ia ua mea a pau? Ma keia, e like me na milestones o ka hooulu ana mai o keia mokulele i keia la, a mākou e'ōlelo.
"Top huna" e hoopii mai ai
Ua ua ike ia i ka mua prototype i i ka hanini kokoke Moscow ma ka hopena o September 1997. Akā, i ka mea oiaio o kona ola i kapa nui mamua. Kela manawa, i ka hopena o 1994, ka Western Media Ua pinepine ae la oia i kākau i loko o Rusia ua ulu kekahi malu pelane. O Kuhikuhi 'ia ka inoa paipai - ka C-32. Ma mau, ka mea nani i ka huna ana o ka oiaio o ke ola ana o ka mokulele i ua hoʻomohala ai no mākou, no ka mea, i ka Media, a me ka komohana Huipuia, o ka mea nana e hoole kahili kākau ai ma ke akea.
Wahi lulu ia koa 'enehana ipo loaa hōʻoiaʻiʻo aku o kēia' ike a hiki i ka hopena o ka 1996. I wahi lulu periodicals kiʻi ikeia'ku, kena koke ae la i ka hailona o nä nïnau. Ka mea, ua mau Kekoa: kekahi o ia mea oluolu, e koho i ka SU-27, akā, i ka lua o kaʻa i ole kekahi mea i 'ano like. Mua, ka mea, ua loa eleele, i no ka mea lulu popilikia Air Max mea,ʻaʻole he typical, a me ka lua, ua kahiliiaʻe mau eheu. Ma hope o kekahi mau o ka mahina (a me keia mea i haohao) i loko o ka ia haole Media i 'ano piha noaia o ka hou mokulele. Inā kekahi i ole manaʻo ka mea, ua ka SU-47 "Berkut".
Ma mau, he kekahi nui o ka mahuka, e malama i ka ia, i pii ole: e huli mai ma hope i ka papahana hana i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o ka 80 o. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union ʻikeʻia i loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena Aneane pau 'ike o keia ano, "a pau o ka ulia." Mea, naʻe, 'aʻole kahaha ko oukou naau.
Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la
Ma ka hopena o 70s a pau na luna hooponopono o ka USSR Air Max Hōʻike 'ma luna o ka mokulele kou akamai no na makahiki e hiki mai ana. Kela manawa, i ka 1981, hoʻomaka i ka polokalamu, ke AIM mea e hoʻomōhala "He hou kinai no ka '90s." I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao oihana i kauoha mai ai Mikoyan. Akā, i ke alakaʻi o ka Sukhoi papahana nele, e hoomaopopo i ka mana i ke kanawai SU-27 He he kilakila kumu no ka modernization, a pono no ia mea, i ke hoʻomōhala na mīkini makemake ana ia mea ma mua o "reinvent i ka huila".
Just ma ia manawa CEO o CB ia i lilo MP Simonov, ka mea aka hoi hoʻoholo e haalele aku i na manao e Hōʻano hou ma ka mohai, e hana i kekahi mea maoli hou. He pili kēia i ka mea i ka poʻe akamai maoli makemake e hoao i ka helu o ka hoihoi 'manaʻo, me ka pilikia o ka "puhi" ma o ka pilikia ka papahana: ma ka hihia o ka hoʻokō' ole 'hiki e wahi ana i nā mea a pau i ka hou ana. Eia naʻe, i laila ka mea, aohe kanalua i mau Aey? Acaeoey e mākaukau waiwai e ma kekahi hihia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, mai ka 'epekema a me ka hana' enekinia, oiai ua.
No ke aha la oe i koho i ka "hewa"'ēheu?
No laila, no ke aha la e pioneering ka SU-47 "Berkut" ua'ēheu forwardswept? Ke hoʻohālikelike iʻike mau manao, ia i kekahi helu o ka nui pono:
- Maikaʻi aerodynamics, a hiki i haʻahaʻa ka māmā holo, keia lanakila hiki ke ike koke ia.
- ʻoi loa buoyancy, i oi i ka poe o ka Classic manao o na eheu.
- Hou pēpēʻana ano i takeoff a me ka pae.
- Ālai 'emi paha, e hele i ka "makapö" tailspin.
- Beautiful hoʻopololei - like me ka haawe ana-kona hanau ana oihana mua o ka'ēheu oni ana ma ka huelo, i loko o ke kikowaena pahu ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka nui o ka lewa no ka mea naauao hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ammunition.
mall pilikia
A pau o ka mea ma luna o ka theoretically hiki ke hana i kekahi kinai maoli hemolele. Akā, ina ka mea, ua ai maikai, makemake i lōʻihi ke ao nei kaua mai lele wale ma luna o ka mokulele. Ka mea e mākou i e hoʻoponopono i luna 'manao kū'ē'ē' ana i ka pili ana i kēia mau machines:
- Ka laholio divergence o ka'ēheu. Aloha kau, ka mea, ua wale ka hoʻoluli i kekahi māmā holo. O kŰia, ma ke ala, a me ka poe Setoiko ma Nazi Germany, kahi he mau ho'āʻo e hana i kekahi like mokulele. Ke Logical pāʻoihana ua, e hoʻonui i ka rigidity i ka i kā mākou.
- Ikaika nui ae i ka kaumaha o ka mokulele. A hiki i ka'ēheu o ka loaʻa pono ana ka mea loaʻa loa kaumaha.
- Mahuahua ke kauo kaʻi lau waiwai. Na kekahi hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka'ēheu hiki aku ai i ka mahuahua ma ka ia'ku āpana a me nā mea a pau kona hopena.
- Ikaika biased aerodynamic pulakaumaka, aʻaneʻane eliminates ka manuale piloting ma na wahi, i hiki: maopopo leʻa pono i ka "akamai" uilaʻoe e stabilize.
Akamai i ka hailona o ka hou, e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, no laila, i ka SU-47 "Berkut" hiki maʻamau lele.
I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻanoʻenehana pāʻoihana
Lawa e koke hooholo i ka papa kuhikuhiE oaoieei-pāʻoihana. E kū ai i ka makemake paakiki, akā, ua 'aʻole e overload i ka' ole, ka'ēheu nō e hana i ka i kā mākou e hiki pono o ka kalapona puluniu. Ke hiki, ua kāpae i kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Akā, laila, e huli mai i na mea a pau hua mai la i loko o ka USSR mokulele kiko'ī ke ole e haawi mai i ka pono, hookomo iho la, a no ia mea, i ka papahana ua hulina i ka meheu o ia.
C-37, o ka mua preimage
Eia na kanaka haku o ka SU-47 (S-37) "Berkut" haule ma paakiki manawa. I rula, o ka papahana nui makemake'opi ma muli o ka ulu aneiai pilikia, akā, intervened Moku alakaʻi, a kaumaha aku i ka hana o ka mokulele lawe-ma muli kinai kuanaʻike. I ka hoomaka ana o na 90s, noiʻi hoi aku la a hiki i ka theme like o ka'ēheu ma luna o ke kahili hoʻi, ka hoʻohana 'ana a pau i loaʻa i ka manawa o ka pono. Pololei olelo ana, ia laila,ʻikeʻia "Berkut" SU-47 papahana.
E piʻi like o ka poʻe akamai a me nā kānakaʻenehana
Ka loa nui e piʻi like o ka poʻe akamai ke pakele kuhi i ka hanaia'na o ka hanana 'enehana o manufacturing māhele lōʻihi o ka luna' lua lako. Eia hou, ka mea e hoʻokele i ka hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe maoli miomio i loko o kā lākou pae. Ka loihi loa o ka mokulele SU-47 "Berkut", he Hawaii photo a oe ke ike i keia 'atikala i ewalu mau mika ma ka lōʻihi. Aloha kau, iki lāliʻi, a pau no ia mau mea i ka lani kiekie loa pololei e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi, dramatically hoemiia ka helu ana o hoopaa iho, a riveted ami. He He loa maikaʻi hopena nā ma rigidity a me aerodynamics ma ka mokulele.
Mass papahana mokulele kokoke 20 nā kana, a me ka ole e emi malalo o 14% ua luna 'pele ahupapa me. No ka mea i kā mākou simplification o nā lāliʻi ho'āʻo ana e lawe serially hua machines. No laila, ipukukui, kaʻa ka helu o nā mall hehee wale kōna hoʻoneʻe i ka SU-47 "Berkut" pono mai o kona pilikia ka "kupuna" - SU-27.
Ma ka mua kae o ka'ēheu hene He 20 °, ka hope paia o ka waiwai o 37 °. Ka mole hapa o kūikawā hoike mai, hiki no me ka nui loa emi ke kauo kaʻi lau waiwai i ua i. Kokoke a pau o ka'ēheu lihi lawe i ka mea a pau mechanization. A pau o kona mea i manao ai - ana pele ahupapa me, a wale 10% e kau mai maluna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia inserts i hoʻohuiʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi ikaika a me ka oolea.
'ōnaehana
'Ana ma ka aoao o ka lewaʻai ana i nā mea a pau-e neʻe papamoe huelo, a i ka trapezoidal shape. Ka hueloʻaha kanaka ua kekahi hana ma luna o ka kahiliiaʻia. Vertical huelo ka mea i like loa me ia o nā mea a pau i ka hookahi SU-27, akā, kona iauae ieiuaae mea me ka nui loa nui. Kēia i loaʻa ma ka hanaʻana i loko o ka loli 'ole: ka mea, ua i hana hou ka maiau, a no ia mea, nui like' ole haule iho la.
Ke kea-māhele o ka fuselage kokoke i ka'ololaha mawaho o ka Aha Kuhina ka loa "palu iho la i", a like smoothly i hiki. Ke kakaka o ka loli nīnūnē i aneane loa aie mai ka SU-27. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka cockpit waiho alodio, unregulated ea intakes. Ma ka luna o ka fuselage mea i loaʻa, akā, i ka ke kahu moku, i ka hiki i ka pāʻana i ko lākou wahi, a hiki i ka mea io ma lalo, piliʻoihana kaʻa, takeoff a pae. E like me 'oe ke' ike i loko o ka Hawaii photo, ma na aoao elua o ka nozzles o ka SU-47 "Berkut", ke ano o ka a mākou i kona hoomaopopo ana, he mau nodules liʻiliʻi i loko i Radar 'ole' ē aʻe lako a hiki ke kau.
mana kanu
No ka mea, aohe mea hou i ole kupono, i kau na kiko'ī ma ka pelane ÷ turbofan D-30F11. I mai la lakou, incidentally, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka MiG-31. Lakou e kipaku i kēia kaʻa mea maopopo,ʻaʻole lawa, akā, ka mea i ea ae ka hana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e hiki e ke hoʻomōhala hou kiʻekiʻe-ikehu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai kükohu. Eia naʻe, a hiki ma ke kaupaonaʻana takeoff 25,5 tons ano o kēia mau Hawaii, he oi aku ka pono. At kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻena holo holo i 2.2 tausani km / h ma ka 'ilikai, keia huahelu ua 1.5 tausani. Km / h. ʻO kā mākou huahelu - 3.3 tausani kilomika, "palena" kiekie - 18 kilomika.
Lako a pan a me ka armament
No ka ahuwale kumu, ka maoli hapa o ka onboard lako a ua ike loa uuku. Oe ke rightfully kuhi i ka hapa o ka mea i laila 'o ia i ka SU-27. Ke hoʻokele'ōnaehana e lawe ka lanakila o ka loaa maoli-manawaʻikepili mai koa ukali. Ua ua ike ia ma ka mokulele noho ejection Ua hoonohoia kükohu o K-36DM, a i kekahi me ka nui loa mai typical? Iecaianoaaiiuo Ke Ana Hoʻohālike. Ka mea i kona kua kahi i 30 ° i ka papamoe.
Kēia i hanaʻia ai i na pailota hiki wawe ka hoʻoneʻe nunui overload i mai ai iloko, pili maneuvering ma loa ka māmā holo. E like me ka loaʻa i ka 'ikepili, ua laweʻia nā kumu hoʻohālikelike a' ana mai 'ē aʻe i nā poʻe kaua, a me ka "mau pou" ua loa pinepine hoʻohana' ia e ka SU-27.
Mai ka mokulele ua mana wale, ia ia e hali ana i na mea ma ka rula (a me ka 'ike e pili ana i ka mea huna a). Akā, i ka'ēheu ma ka hema influx pono i nanaia wahi ma lalo o ka 'akomi pūkuniahi (he mea hōʻike ia ma ka prototype o kona mea a pau i ka ia kau), a ma ka waenakonu o ka hauna o mai he akea pahu pōkā pahū armament. Epekema a me ke koa i loko o kekahi leo e olelo aku i ka papahana ua alualu wale nō ho'āʻo i ka lele ano o keia ano keia ano o ka hana, akā, no ka mea, o kū hoʻokahi mea kaua kekahi i ole i ma luna o ka SU-47 "Berkut". No ke aha la pani ia i ka papahana, a i mua hooiaio ia e ka hala loa i'ōlelo mai ai?
No ka mea, o ka mea ma ka papahana i paa?
Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i kaʻeleu ikea ai o keia prototype ana a hiki i ka hapalua like-2000s. Ka pāhana Ua paa no ka mea, ua mua? Oaony e hana i ka ke kahu moku. Nā mea i i ua loaa i loko o ka papa o kēia mau hana nō priceless. Laulā kuhihewa mea e manaʻo i ka mea i ka lima-hanauna kinai. SU-47 "Berkut" - wale i kona prototype, akā,'āina nui. No laila, uaʻike mua i ke kikowaena pōkā pahū kaikūʻono ia meaʻaneʻane'ālike i ka mea ma luna o ka polokalamu pak fa. Oiaio, o ka hope ia iʻikeʻia i accidental ... wale nō i ke koa i ana i ka hookahi helu o oaoieei-manaʻo me ka mokulele e e ia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. Hiki wale nō eʻike pono i loaʻa nō e ka hailona.
wā e hiki mai ka manaʻolana 'ia
I loko nō o kaʻimi naʻauao panina o ka papahana, ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka SU-47 "Berkut" no ke kumu wela paio kālaimanaʻo i wahi lulu, a me na haole waiwai: poe akamai i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana e loaʻa ka manaʻolana 'ia no keia' ano o machines. Tausani manawa na pros a me ka hooluolu ana o kēiaʻano hana i kūkākūkā. A he mea nō i kona manaʻo ma no mea e kali ana no ka like mokulele i loko o ka wā e hiki mai: ina paha e paa oblivion, a me ka hoolilo ana a pau BBC World ma ka like 'ana i kūpono. He nui nā 'aelike i ka papa kuhikuhiE keʻakeʻa nei no ia i ka global loli mea unreal waiwai o ka mea a me ka' ike loea hou i hoʻohana ma o ka hana ana o "Berkut".
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