Trophic kaula. I wahi e hanai ai pae. Trophic lako huakai kaapuni

Trophic kaula - kēia pilina ma ka 'ilikai ma waena o nāʻano edible macro- a me ka anakahi iki-meaola ma i ka ikehu kahe ana i loko o nā kaiaola hou' a me ka waiwai. All mea kanu, a me ka holoholona microscopic meaola i pili loa aku i kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o ka "ai - consumer".

walaʻauʻana wehewehena i

Trophic kaula - keia mea kekahi o ka loa nui waiwai o kekahi kaiaola. He meaʻai kaula. Ua hōʻike i kekahi papamoe kaʻina o? Ueo. A pau keia neʻeʻana i ka lewa i loko o ke kaiaola i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hanai ana biochemical ikehu a me ke aloha mea. No ka laʻana: ka nahelehele - he hare hoi - ka iliohae - koʻohune. E like me ka rula, ma o ka luna o ka ai pyramid mea he nui Moana. Ke kau ia - he derivative o ka Helene hua'ōlelo "trophy", a 'o ia hoʻi "ai". Mua mākou e hana i ka mea i kēia ʻai kaula, e pono e noonoo manaÿo e like me nā hoʻohua, nā mea kūʻai mai a me decomposers.

nā hoʻohua

Nā hoʻohua mea he pūʻulu o ka meaola i mea hiki ke synthesizing ke aloha mea mai luna 'mea pōhaku i huiʻia. O nā, mua o nā mea a pau, autotrophs. ʻO ia nā mea kanu a me microscopic līoho, a ma kāʻamaʻai hiki ke hoʻolilo i ka ikehu lā ikehu i loko o ka mawaho biochemical. Ua accumulates ma na keena, a ua komo i loko o ka pūnao. Ma nā kaiaola, examples o nā hoʻohua nā Fern, mosses a me gymnosperms a me flowering mea kanu. Ma ka moana, ka mea, 'o ka plankton. Tiny uliuli līoho - mea he laʻana o ka hana a pau wai nā kaiaola.

consuments

Consuments - ka mea, Alohaʻano o ka meaola iʻai ma luna o ke aloha mea wale nō, i ua synthesized nā hoʻohua. Ke kaiaola ma nā mea kūʻai mai i kapaia heterotrophs. Ua hiki e carnivores a me herbivores, nā mea kolo. Maopopo ma waena o kekahi mau kauoha o nā mea kūʻai mai. Kēia mahele ua muli ma luna o ka moku'āina o meaola i loko o ka meaʻai kaulahao.

Ma consuments 1st mea nā herbivorous holoholona, nā mea kolo a me nā manu. No ka laʻana, ka meaʻai laau e hoʻohui pū i ke kaula 'Olu, iole, kia, elk. A pau kēia mau holoholona a pau ma nā mea kūʻai mai o ka 1st mea. Ko lakou hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o ia ka mea,ʻai ma luna o nā hoʻohua, i mea kanu. Heʻano nui rodents, ungulates, nahesa, hana o ua moo a me kela amphibians a me nā mea kolo, ka iʻa, manu liʻiliʻi.

Consuments 2nd a mahope kauoha - ka mea, Aloha wale predatory? Ueo. Ka mea, kūkulu lākou nā polokina, mai ke aloha mai o nā holoholona a me nō kumu. Kēia hui nā bea, canine, feline, nui manu o ka waiwai pio, a me nā mea kolo nahesa. Ke kaiaola o ka moana kēia niche noho ma'ō koholā, a Dolphin.

decomposers

Decomposers kapa hoolilo ke aloha residues microorganisms. Keia koʻohune a me fungi. Lakou noho ana ma ka lepo, a hoʻoulu i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka palaho. Decomposers mea synonymous me ka manawa "destructors". Currently, i ka pae ua pākuʻi, a me bacteriophages.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o trophic kaulahao

Aia he mau wale walaʻauʻanaʻano o kaʻai kaulahao: detrital a me ka mauu nei no. Ka mea, i nui kaʻokoʻa. I wahi e hanai ai ke kaula gula (ke kaula gula a me kaʻai) ma muli o ka luna 'pilina o nā pūʻulu likeʻole o nā mea kanu, a me nā holoholona saprophytes. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i autotrophic meaola. Keia mea kuhikuhi i ka laau. Ukali ma herbivorous holoholona. No ka laʻana, ungulates, a me rodents. Ma ka moana a me nā kai, ka mea hiki ke zooplankton. A eia ka mea hope, i ka luna o ka meaʻai kaula i ka Moana o ka 2nd mea. Kēia? Ueo i mea ole imiia lakou i loko o ka hihiu. No ka laʻana, na bea, me ka poeikohoia o ka popokiʻohana, i nā manu o ka waiwai pio. Pakahi aku la ia lōʻihiʻai ai ke kaula gula i loko o ka moana. Eia, ua loaʻa consuments 6 la a me ka 7-la mea.

Detrital trophic kaula ma muli o ka decomposition kaʻina. Lakou mau komo fungi a koʻohune-saprophytes.

Detrital ai ke kaula gula

Oia decomposition kaula i loa, he pono ole i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, a ma ka hapanui o ka iʻohiʻia i hoopauia pololei herbivorous holoholona. Akā, ua nalo. Kona hoʻokō 'microscopic fungi a me koʻohune, i ka poe i kaheaia saprophytes. A pau ka ai detrital ai kaulahao mau hoʻomaka me detritus. Ka mea, e hoʻomau i ka microorganisms i wāwahi ai, a recycle ia. A laila, ma laila nō ka detritus a me kā lākou nā mea kūʻai mai - ka predatory? Ueo. Nā kaiaola o ka moana a me ka moana, o ka oi aku i loko o ka hohonu, a ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo detrital kaula. Aia nā kumu i mai i ola i ka nui helu o ka Moana, no laila, ua noho lākou wahi ma microorganisms.

trophic pae

Trophic pae ua haku o kekahi mau papa. Mau nā loulou hiki ke hoopuni i loaʻa i loko o kekahi ke kaiaola o ka Honua. Ka mua 'ilikai ua mau hōʻike mai iā ia nā hoʻohua. Ka lua - ma nā mea kūʻai mai o kekahi okoa mea. Ma pōkole kaapuni, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO o ekolu huahelu, i loko o ka lōʻihi o ko lākou helu 'aʻole e kaupalena'. Akā, ma laila e mau ia i ka hope anakahi iki-meaola a me fungi. Kekahi trophic kaula i ka ai na welau decomposers. Lākou mau papa hana i loko o kekahi aia yeinenoai - ka hoʻopōʻaiapuni o ke aloha i ka mea mea pōhaku i huiʻia. Ka loihi ai kaula lako i hanaʻia i loko o ka moana a me ka moana. Ka shortest o ia - i loko o ka ulu lāʻau a me nā kula. Oia ka interconnected moʻo o ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi trophic pae a me konaʻano a me ka mana lako hou kaapuni.

He nui ka möakäka hou i ka trophic ʻai kaulahao mea e mau loa ana me paʻa. Ua hiki e nalowale kekahi wahi. I kekahi manawa ka mea, "ua haule mai" no kekahi kumu paha kekahi. Mua,ʻaʻole mau hōʻike i loko o ke kaulahao o ka mea kanu - nā hoʻohua. Ka mea, ma kahi e i loko o ia mau kaiaulu i i ua hana ma ke kumu o ka awi aku kanu, a (ole) holoholona koe. A ma ko hoʻohālike - ka litter o lau i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. Ka lua, heterotrophs i e nele i kaʻai nā kaula hao, oa holoholona. A i 'ole ka mea hiki e uuku. No ka laʻana, ma ka ia nahele deciduous hua a me na lala, piliwaiwai o nā mea kūʻai mai, koke hoʻomaka e decompose. Ma keia hihia, no ka mea, na nā hoʻohua koke hahai ma decomposers. Ma kēlā me kēia ke kaiaola i hanaʻia trophic kaula e hoʻomaka ana mai? Aneie ana. Ma lalo o kekahi waiwai, o ka oi aku ma ka aoao o ke kanaka, e e mahuahua mau wahi i puhi ai 'ole, e like me ka mea pinepine ka hana pono, e huli i ia'na o kekahi mau huahelu.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka trophic kaulahao

Trophic kaapuni, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka helu o nā huahelu e ninoieo, hiki e hemahema hoi a me ka pona. An laʻana o ka poe noonoo ole a puni, ma a ma laila nō nā hoʻohua, nā mea kūʻai mai a me decomposers, e ikea like penei: ASP - beaver - koʻohune.

Ka Uluwehi O Ke trophic na kaula iloko o ka nui helu o nā loulou. Akā, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO lākou helu 'aʻole i oi aku 6-7 i na kūlohelohe me kona pono. Mau kaula hao lōʻihi hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā kai a me ka moana. I ka i koe, huahelu nō kāu maoli nā kaiaola 5. Aia i kekahi mau examples o pehea e e ka meaʻai-kaula no kekahi mau papa koa:

1. ka līoho - pine poʻomuku - kukū ai - burbot - koʻohune.

2. Plankton - koʻa - pomacentridae Fish - White Pali - koʻohune.

3. ka mauʻu - uhini - rana - oiaio - ka manu lele.

Pau kēia mau mea examples o kaʻai i puhi ai Moana. Akā, loaʻa nō nāʻano o nā Pilina. No ka laʻana, parasites kaula. Ka mea, e nana like penei: mauu - bipi - he tapeworm - koʻohune. I kekahi manawa, no ka mea, o ke kaula i haule consuments: currant - powdery he mae wale fungus - phage. I wahi e hanai ai i ke kaula gula ÿokoÿa mai parasitic i Moana Ana laila maoli me ka hoʻouluʻilikai loulou kaʻina. Akā, me decomposers noho saprophytes i loko o nā hihia. A iki kekahi Look detrital kaula: lau litter - microscopic fungi - koʻohune.