Venezuelan Peresidena Hugo Chavez: A Kawaihae a me ka pili aupuni aayoaeuiinoe. Full papa inoa o nā luna o Venezuela

Ua makemake e absurd i ka manaʻo i ka hala 20th kenekulia ua ilihune no ka mea pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana Kiure i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei i ka hanau ana o ke kanaka. Akā, ma ka hai ana mai ia wale no ka awelika ke kanaka i loko o ke alanui pinepine kokoke koa, a mau kii, haumana a me Artists o 'Eulopa paha ma ka' Amelika Hui.

Manawa, ma RomaʻAmelika i ka ia manawa nui kuko i holo kiʻekiʻe, i ka hopena o i hoʻoholo ma mua i ka hooulu ana o ka hapai ana o ka māhele holoʻokoʻa no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Kekahi o na kanaka, ka poe i kaulana i kaʻoi loa i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ko lākou mau iʻini ma waho, a piʻi like, lilo iho la ia i ka pelekikena Venesuely Ugo Rafael Chavez Frias (Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías).

I ka loiloi mua kuʻina o ka Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia,ʻo iaʻikeʻia July 28, 1954. Kona aina hanau, na kauhale a pau Sabaneta, Aia i loko o ka moku'āina o Barinas, ku mai kekahi mea kūikawā. He Ua hanau ka maʻamau schoolteacher wā e hiki mai pelekikena i loko o ka 'ohana. Ma waho aʻeo i ka hou-hanau Hugo, me kona mau makua i kekahi mau keiki. Eia naʻe, no kaʻohana ua i ka loa, he pono ole, a me ka nani hoʻokahuli aupuni aʻa.

No laila, kekahi o Chavez ma kaʻaoʻao o kona makuwahine, ua kaʻeleu aku i komo i loko o ka War Kanawai, 1859-1863 makahiki. A me kona nui-ke kupuna kāne i loko o 1914, e hoʻokele e hoala mai i ka hookiekie ia ia iho nona i hana hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni o kekahi dictator. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i na hana o ko lākou mau kūpuna, ma ka olelo o ka waha hele aku i ka ohana o Chávez, ua he nui keiki ma luna o nā mea a pau i kona mahope hana a me nā pono kīvila. A hiki i ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena o Venezuela pau i ka papa o ka haumāna kula, au koke komo i ke Koa Academy. I 21, oia puka 'o ia mai ia, e hele mai ana mai mai o na paia o ka Alama mater o ke ano o ka lutanela.

E pili ana i kou mau hui

He mālama lākou i loko o ka Airborne wahi. Ua hele aku la mai o kona ula beret, me ka a Comandante a laila i ka lehulehu i ole hōʻike. Kela manawa, i ka 1982 (akā, he nui loa manaoio i ke kula kēia),ʻo ia hana i kona mau hui KOMAKATE. mea Deciphering i ka inoa poe noonoo ole - o ka olelo o ia hoʻi, "mua lutanela", ka haku o ka palapala mua o nā kaua waena. O ka holo ana, lilo koke i ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena o Venezuela ka undisputed alihi kaua o ia. ʻAʻole ka mea kahaha ko oukou naau i ka hui kokoke koke huli i loko o ka hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻokahuli aupuni.

Ole ma ke alanui i ka mana

I ka makahiki 1992,ʻo ia hoao e hookahuli ae i ka he pelekikena Carlos Andres Perez. Ma fairness e hōʻike,ʻo ia ua maoli i maikai loa alii: palaho mea akea aku me ka unahiʻole, a me ka lehulehu ke kālā ua mau hooho ae. Nails Chavez alualu lā sensible:ʻo ia i makemake e kūkulu hou i Aupuni o na kanaka, hookohu ole iaʻi lakou ia lakou iho i kaili wale a me ka bribery, e rewrite i ke Kumukanawai, a ua he nui helu o drawbacks. Akā, Peres ke aupuni i ka manawa i pii ole mai i ka pale aku i ka coup ho'āʻo.

kūpono no pelekikena

I kona aie, Andres Perez, oia i i hoopau aku i kona hoa paio kāohi. A ia mea loa pohihihi keia, ina ua kamailio e pili ana i Amelika Lakina dictators. Chavez i haawi ia ia iho i ana i ka mana, ma hope aʻo i kona mau ukali,ʻaʻole e hana i kaua coup. No keia na Aupuni ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia i ka makahiki eha wale nō i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a ma ka 1994 i, kuu ae la ia ma lalo o ka pili ana. Ma hope iho ua Chavez hoomalau i ka manaʻo o ka kaua coup. Ma ka halepaahao, alaila, manao ae i ka puu e pili ana i kālai'āina, a nolaila, manao paa au e loaʻa ai ka mana wale nō e pono 'ana.

I ka 1998, e like ma mua o ka hiki ana mai koho pelekikena koho, Hugo hoomaka ae la i kona kai eʻe. Haʻalele na mea he nui o kona loaʻaʻana, kona slogans, he mau, a me ka moho ua he kanaka nana i hoomanao ka Loaʻaʻia electorate ma kā lākou mau hana, aole i emi kana ia mea. Eia hou kekahi, Chavez hoohiki ai i hope i ka hoopau ana i ka palaho ma ka aina. 'Aʻole surprisingly, oia ua loaʻa i kona pahu hopu. Ka hou pelekikena o Venezuela ua eo iki aku ma mua o 54% o ke koho ana, akā, ka mea, ua he maoli lanakila.

Kemokalaka luna o ka aina

Ma ke ala, a ua like me ka oi e na poo o ke aupuni? Eia naʻe, i ka papa inoa o na luna o Venezuela, he mea hiki ole i ke hoʻohana iʻaneʻi, no ka mea, ua i 48 kanaka. No laila, e hoopaa i na mākou i ka papa inoa o nā poʻo o ka moku'āina, ka poe i noho ma ka lāʻau kū mai 1952 (puni i ka manawa āna i hānau Chavez). No laila, eia ka mea i:

• Marcos Jimenez, ka mea i noho ma ka oihana, mai ka makahiki 1952 a hiki i 1958.
• Wolfgang Ugueto. Kona pii ana i ka "noho alii" i ka 1958, i loko o ke koa coup. No koke i ka pelekikena e noho i hoʻokahi makahiki.
• Edgar Sanabria. ? Aiaiiuie alii kiaaina, loio.
• Romulo Betancourt. He ua peresidena, mai 1959 a hiki i 1964.
• Raul Leoni. Ma ka lāʻau kū mai ka 1964 a hiki i ka makahiki 1969.
• Rafael Caldera, ka mea i alii ai mai ka makahiki 1969 a hiki i 1974.
• Ka ua Carlos Andres Perez, i loko o kona manawa, Hugo hoohalua ma ke kua o na kaola. He noho ma ka oihana, mai 1974 a hiki i 1979.
• Luis Herrera Kampins. He alii iho la oia mai ka 1979 a hiki i 1984.
• Jaime Lusinchi. Ke au o ke Keʻena Pelekikena - mai ka makahiki 1984 a hiki i 1989.
• A hou ... Carlos Perez. Hou ae la oia ua pelekikena mai ka 1989 a hiki i 1993.
• Mai June 1993 a hiki i 1994, alternately huki i ka ukana o ka Keʻena Pelekikena Octavio Lepage a me Ramon Hose Velaskes. I kekahi hana naʻaupō.
• Eia hoi, Rafael Caldera. He paʻa i ka lāʻau kū mai ka 1994 a hiki i ka pauʻana o ka 1998.

No laila, i ka Peresidena o Venezuela, he papa inoa o ka a mākou i hāʻawi aku ai i loko o ka 'atikala (a ina oia mea ole exhaustive) alii iho la oia ma ka awelika o ka elima makahiki. Mua ia e like me ka Peresidena, kanaka kākaʻikahi mālama i elua oi aku paha ekolu makahiki, a oi loa aku hoi i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa i keia wahi no ka makahiki i UAIAaIN e ekolu eha paha kanaka. No laila, Hugo Chavez, a me kona "hoohikiia hoa" Andres Perez - kŰia i loko o ka pili aupuni 'ia, kū hoʻokahi i loko o Venezuela. Mua au noho ihola i loko o ka lāʻau kū no aneane 12 makahiki, Perez - he huina o nā makahikiʻeiwa.

HOU ma ka waiwai a me ka pili aupuni poepoe

He aha hana Hugo Chavez mai lawe oihana? Mua, a kau mai i ke kanana 'ana i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka aila huakai Petroleos de Ka Venezuela: a pau kona waiwai i kuhikuhi' ana i ka lawelawe papahana. Penei, i ke dala i hele aku i ka hana o ka hou kula a me Ho 'Oponopono, hoʻonaʻauao polokalamu o na nā paʻi hua, i ka ulu ana o ka mahiʻai papahana ma ka aina. Hugo, ua ike mea e hana ai, no ka mea, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 70% o ka heluna kanaka ma ia manawa noho ma kaʻilihune,'ōnaehana hoʻokoho kākoʻo ua hoʻohiki 'akomi'. Me ke kākoʻo mai o na kanaka, Venezuelan Peresidena Chavez e hoomakaukau ana i ka hei ana no ka nationalization o kēlā mau poʻe.

A makahiki ma hope o kona koho ana,ʻo ia i hana i ka hei ana o ke kumukānāwai hou, a ma ka makahiki 2000, ua hou lanakila ma ka hope koho, i kēia manawa e kikokiko i 60% o ke koho balota. Akā, Chavez noʻonoʻo i ka ae, "uuku-kūlanakauhale princelings" i "holo" i kupono hana me ka electorate, ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono: Hugo maoli i hana ai i ka puu no ke aupuni.

Black koko o ka hoʻokele waiwai

Mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, ua nui e kaukaʻi a me ka mea nō e kaukaʻi ma kaʻaoʻao hema Amelikaʻaila, a ua haawiia mai i ke ano pilikia i loko o ka ikehu wahi i loko o ke kakahiaka 2000s, ia mea iki e pilihua hoi ka Peresidena o ka hoʻoholo ma luna o ka loli o ke pili papa o ka moku'āina. Ma wale i kekahi mau makahiki, ilihune, nenelu ma ka palaho, Venezuela ua lilo i kumu nui, a influential i poʻokela 'i loko o ka māhele' āina. Ma muli o ia i ka hale hānai kālā kulana, e like me ka manawa a hiki i kaʻoi noʻonoʻo loi o ka United States, he mua pelekikena o Venezuela i kauoha aku e consolidate a puni ia mea oi a emi ka nui aina o LakinaʻAmelika.

Mōʻaukala oʻui koho

Ke aupuni ka kū'ē ua ikaika i hauʻoli a me ka weliweli Hugo hana, a no ia mea, ua pinepine ae la oia ho'āʻo i ka pakele ana i ka kulekele ma nā mea a pau i loaʻa 'ana. April 12, 2002 oia i lukuʻia i loko o ka coup, akā, i ka junta ana lāʻelua wale nō: April 14 Chavez i hookahi manawa hou hoi i ke Keʻena Pelekikena o kupaʻa kona poʻe kaua. I ka 2006 he mea kekahi oʻui koho hou.

Penei, ka pelekikena o Venezuela (kona Kawaihae Ua noʻonoʻo i loko o ka 'atikala) ua lilo kekahi o ka "lōʻihi-ka hoʻokani" nā loea kālai'āina i loko o ke ao loa. Pehea e olelo aku no he Roma Amerika, kahi koho pelekikena manawa kākaʻikahi mau oi ma mua o ka makahiki!

I ka 2007, Chavez hoʻokumu i ka United Socialist Party o Venezuela, ma lalo o ka'ēheu o ka i 'ohi i aneane a pau o kona hoa, a me ka loea nā loea kālai'āina. Five makahiki ma hope o ia, i ka 2012, oia hookahi hou hou-koho 'ana i ke Keʻena Pelekikena o ka aina.

E hoomaka ana i ka hopena

Venezuelan Peresidena Hugo Chavez Ua lōʻihi ua loaʻa mai ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ma kekahi ano, ka mea, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, eha paha Elima oʻu hahau ana ma lalo o iapaau ana ma ka hale, a ma Cuba. He paʻakikī i ka olelo pono ehia na hana a me ka ohe. Chemotherapy ka mea, he e undergo. ʻoki kino, a i lawe mai i ka 2012 ma ka Cuban haukapila, anapu koke huikau e loa pulmonary maʻiʻaʻai.

Ia mea no kēia mea, i ka aʻe inauguration o Chavez ma January 2013 i ua haiia i pololei ia, a hiki nae i ka loa "Puhi iho" ka pelekikena ma luna o ka mea, ua mai. Ua makemake mea i na mea a pau hana mai: loko o Feberuari, ka pelekikena o ka hoʻohana 'ana Twitter, kūkala i kona hoʻi. ʻO ia pono mai la oia i i haʻalele i ka Koa Halemai Moiwahine ma Caracas.

A laila, a pau makaala oukou. E like me ka mea i huli mai,ʻaʻole i makehewa: March 6, 2013, me Nikolao ka Maduro hai aku la ia i ka mua Peresidena o Venezuela Hugo Chavez make o ka nui maʻi 'aʻai. ʻOiai he nui kanaka a me kēia ka manawa kūpono o ka hanana i kaumaha mua, ka mea, ua hiki ole no ia no ia e hoohikilele au.

"Backstage" talena

Kēia kanaka i hoʻomanaʻo a puni ka honua no kona inexhaustible optimism a me ka ohohia, tireless makewai no ka hana a me ka hulina hana hoʻonanea. He aha hiki i ka pelekikena o Venezuela? Ka loa hoihoi 'o ia he nui he Roma Americans, ardent Kakolika i, eʻaʻole manawa hiki i ka pololei ke hoʻohana i ka hooholo mai o ka Baibala. Hugo mea hiki. A, i heluhelu i ka hoomanao ana o nā āhua nui o palapala hemolele, eaaei hoi i ka mea keʻakeʻa kamailio ana i ka hola a oi. Peresidena kūlou i ka hana o Bolivar, ua leʻaleʻa o watercolors, aloha mele, a ma keia kahua i kona mau pono, he'āina e lauwili.

No laila, ma ka pau ana o ka 2007 au i ike ai i ka malamalama ohi ana i nā mele, ka mea āna i hana iho, a me ka mea ma mua o nā haumāna ke loiloi i loko o ka hōʻike. A makahiki ma hope kākau i ka helu o kona mau mele, a i komo i loko o ka ohi i kapaia "Musica paraʻo Batalla" ( "Music no ka paio"). Deep mahalo no ka sport. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi,ʻo ia ua maikaʻi pôhili i kekahi, a hiki lohi i ke ola i na manawa a pau i loaʻa manawa, e hoolei i ka mau o ke kala.

Personal ola

Pehea na manawa i mare Chaves Ugo? Kawaihae (Venezuelan Peresidena i hōʻike aneane ascetic) a maoli hōʻike i kona maikaʻi loa ohana kanaka. Akā, i loko o kona kino ola ia mea no i he laki. No laila, i ka 1992, ka wā i hoopaaia Hugo me ia ia i mua wahine uhai. Lua o ke ola mau hoa Marisabel Rodriguez liloʻano maikaʻi-ike kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa.

I ka mea, o kekahi o na Mamua o ka hou Kumukanawai. No ka ike ole ia kumu, i ka pelekikena, ia ia iho i ole kamaʻilio nui, ka mea hemo i ka makahiki 2002. Ma keia hihia, ka mea mamuli o-wahine ua akea nema aku i na nā mea hoʻololi o kona kahiko kane. I Chavez ka elima keiki: eha, mai ka mea mua, a me kekahi kaikamahine, mai kona lua o ka mare.

Ka pau 'ana o ka au

Venezuela malama ma kekahi akau manawa? Peresidena Maduro, i ka malama pono hoa o ka mea i make Chavez mea ma luna o kona wahi i loko o March 2013 a me ka keia lā. Ua haawiia i ka mea i loko o ka wā mai ka 2011 a hiki i 2013 ma ka aina kokoke a pau na hana o ka pelekikena i ia ia, me Nikolao ka Maduro hiki mua e noʻonoʻo i ka longevity kālai'āina.

Alaila e kaili i ka ia papa like ia o Hugo. Naʻe, ka wā Maduro he nui na hana (oi ka aila) i i nui concessions. He nui skeptics manaoio ia ina Rotehama Venezuela mai a pau wale ana, e lilo ka aina i mea ole i loko o ka māhele 'āina loa i ole. Ua pono, ua hiki wale koho. Manawa, e hōʻike ana pono i na nā moku halihali mokulele o ia wale.

Ināʻaʻole i ka pelekikena hou, e hele aku kekahi,ʻaʻohe a e hoʻomau i ka nohona polokalamu e i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o kona, hoʻokomo,ʻo ia, e oiaio no e hiki i ke kilakila pomaikai. Ma kekahi hihia, he ikaika loaa ka lono o kona Keʻena Pelekikena na kanaka o Venezuela. O ka holo ana, o ka piha kūpono o ka balota ua wale 1%, akā,ʻo ia mea he pilikia ka haumāna politician lawa, ka mea i ike i ka pono a me ka pilikia o ka moku'āina.